DC53钢

<正>DC53是日本大同特殊钢对SKD11改良后的新型冷作模具钢,克服了SKD11高温回火硬度和韧性不足的弱点,将在通用及精密模具领域全面取代SKD11的高强韧性通用冷作模具钢。韧性在冷作模具钢中较为突出,常规热处理条件下,残余奥氏体几乎全部分解,一般可省略深冷处理,在较强硬度下仍可保持较高的韧性。制造的工具很少出现裂纹和开裂,大大提高了使用寿命。经高温回火减少了残余应力。大型模具和要求精密     

4Cr3M02MnVNbB手术器械钢温锻模具早期开裂分析

通过化学成分分析、硬度性能测试、金相检验以及断口分析等方法对4Cr3Mo2MnVNbB钢手术器械温锻模具开裂原因进行分析.结果表明:由于该模具材料存在较严重的枝晶偏析,导致模具淬火组织不均匀.在温锻过程中,当表面承受拉应力大于材料的强度时,萌生表面裂纹,随着温锻的热疲劳次数增加沿枝晶偏析方向较快向内部扩展,引起模具早期断裂.     

冷作模具钢淬火裂纹的搭桥修复

低合金冷作模具钢多属于高碳钢,淬火中易出现淬火裂纹。对于尺寸较大、形状复杂、加工精度高的冷作模具,因出现淬火裂纹而报废,损失是十分惨重的。如何修复已出现淬火裂纹的模具,是工业生产中急需解决的问题,针对这一情况,提出了对已形成淬火裂纹的冷作模具进行搭桥修复的新思想,并进行了试验研究。即首先对淬火裂纹尖端进行脉冲放电,钝化裂纹尖端,防止裂纹在焊合过程中扩展,然后,对模具表面裸露的淬火裂纹顶部用YG8电极进行火花放电修复,相当于在裂纹顶部搭上一座“桥”。修复后,由于焊合层的内侧也存在类似裂纹尖端的区域,会使模具在工作时引起应力集中。因此修复后再对焊后层与裂纹连接处进行第二次脉冲放电钝化止裂,使焊合层下的裂纹尖端钝化且变成拱形,极大地提高了焊合层的承载能力,实现了对淬火裂纹搭桥式的修复。     

高温回火型冷作模具钢的热处理

通常 SKS 3 及 SKD11等材料用于制作各种冲压模、成形轧辊、锻模及冲头等冷作模具钢。根据所成形的板材及加工种类,或是要求精度与生产批量来确定模具钢的材质与热处理硬度。当要求比 SKS 材料具有更高耐磨性、精度、寿命时,可采用 SKD11。如不出现热粘附及刃口缺损等问题时,通常实施可获得高硬度的低温回火处理。低温回火处理存在特有的残余奥氏体及残余应力,将引起模具变形、裂纹、热粘附及时效变化等问题,为了分而治之或减少上述缺陷,化害为利,对于 SKD11,可采用高温回火     

淬火方法对冷作模具钢SKD11的淬火组织与回火硬度的影响

0 前言 冷作模具钢SKD11的金属模热处理时,使用真空炉淬火的较多,除此之外,有时也使用保护气氛炉或盐浴炉。因这3种炉子加热后的冷却方法不同,为此研究了不同冷却过程对淬火的硬度与组织、残余奥氏体量及回火硬度的影响。     

空心圆柱模具内孔壁纵向裂纹原因分析

采用化学成分分析、裂纹宏观分析、硬度测试及金相检验等方法,对空心圆柱模具内孔壁的纵向裂纹进行了检验和分析.结果表明:该空心圆柱模具内孔壁的纵向裂纹属于淬火裂纹,其主要原因是淬火冷却时模具各部分冷却速度不一致,尤其是模具轴向中部处的内孔冷却速度比外壁慢,导致在内孔壁形成以组织应力为主的切向拉应力,当内孔壁受到的切向拉应力大于钢的断裂强度而产生纵向裂纹.     

Stavax ESR钢洗衣机面板模具开裂原因分析

针对Stavax ESR钢洗衣机面板模具开裂问题,对模具失效件进行断口扫描电镜及微区能谱分析,以及采用金相显微镜对材料基体组织进行检测,综合检测结果,最终确定造成模具早期开裂的内在原因,是由于组织中沿晶界残留未溶颗粒状及薄片状碳化物,材料强度急剧降低,脆性显著增大。模具在热加工过程中碳化物沿晶界析出形成网状碳化物,在热处理加热保温过程中,网状碳化物经过固溶和聚集,形成未溶颗粒状及薄片状碳化物。热处理加热过程的热应力以及淬火过程的组织应力,导致未溶颗粒状及薄片状碳化物周围产生内裂纹。模具冷却水孔的机加工过程,使沿晶开裂特征的内裂纹显露出来。模具服役承载时产生的工作应力,促使裂纹的进一步萌生和扩展。     

5CrMnMo热锻模淬火工艺研究

采用化学成分分析及金相检验手段,对5CrMnMo热锻模具在淬火过程中出现的淬火开裂及淬火后延迟开裂等问题进行了研究.结果表明:淬火加热温度过高、加热时间过长,导致组织粗大;同时淬火冷却终冷温度过低以及未及时回火,导致过高的淬火应力,使锻模表面出现淬火开裂.建议改进热处理工艺,控制热处理过程以减小淬火应力.     

8407钢压铸模工作面麻点失效分析

8407钢压铸模具在使用过程中工作面出现麻点,对其进行抛光处理,而经抛光加工后再次使用,模具工作面仍出现麻点。采用金相显微镜及扫描电镜等仪器设备,对压铸模具失效件的化学成分、表面缺陷形貌特征及显微组织进行检测和分析。结果表明,模具工作面表面麻点处存在凹坑,凹坑周围及底部均存在不同程度的开裂,并在凹坑边缘形成斜坡状的压痕。模具工作面凹坑未发现氧化、腐蚀等化学反应,表明该凹坑由于挤压变形造成。压铸模工作面麻点产生的原因是抛光过程中加工强度过大,模具工作面表层已经形成高温快冷的白亮色淬火组织,淬火组织应力造成工作面的横向开裂,并形成局部纵向裂纹。在表面抛光热影响作用下,工作面次表层产生退火软化,因而形成变形的纤维状组织。模具在使用过程中,工作面表层纵向裂纹处被压塌形成凹坑,造成模具工作面宏观可见的表面麻点,导致锌合金压铸件产品表面凸起的外观缺陷。     

Cr12MoV模具表面裂纹成因分析

采用化学分析、金相检验、硬度测试、XRD定量分析方法分析了Cr12MoV模具表面裂纹的形成原因.结果表明,磨削过程中热作用及应力作用促使模具表面组织发生转变,是造成模具表面开裂的主要原因.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.