石墨阳极电解槽液位自控装置的利弊

在石墨阳极电解槽上采用液位自控,国内曾有过报道。其原理是通过浮球来控制进槽盐水流量。当电槽液位升高或降低,浮球自动升降,从而调节入槽盐水量,达到电解槽液位升高或降低到所要求的高度,使电槽液位稳定,从而保证电槽的水位合格率和电解液浓度。在电流升降频繁的地方是比较适宜的.同时也降低了     

扩张阳极改性膜电槽技术应用

采用扩张阳极改性膜电槽新技术将废、旧金属阳极片改制成扩张阳极片,缩小阴阳间距,使极距和电流分布更均匀、更合理,降低溶液电压降;再配套吸附技术,平均可降低30-Ⅲ型单槽电压0．2V以上,而且将隔膜电解槽改制成扩张阳极电解槽后,与原阳极片的互换性大,投资小,见效快,节电效果明显：     

金属扩张阳极改性隔膜电槽技术进步工作总结

山西华源电化有限责任公司将60台金属阳极电解槽改成扩张阳极改性隔膜电解槽。运行电流由4.2kA升至6kA,烧碱生产能力由3万t/a提高到4万t/a,交流电耗降低100kW·h/(t·NaOH)。同时用75kW罗茨鼓风机替代3台165kW纳氏输送泵,加入变频技术,每年可节约电费25万元。     

电解槽阳极液面随电流变化的规律

隔膜电解槽在生产过程中,电流大幅度的变化是目前氯碱厂的常事。为使电槽正常运转,就必须在电流变化的同时,将电解槽的阳极液面作相应的调正。就隔膜电解槽的阳极液面随电流变化的关系,作如下推导:     

隔膜法电解槽运行寿命影响因素

分析418台扩张阳极和盒式阳极隔膜电解槽的运行情况,总结电解槽寿命的影响因素有：盐水质量、电鳃槽温度、碱浓度、电流等。     

石墨化阴极铝电解槽电热场仿真研究

将工业试验测试与数值仿真方法相结合,以ANSYS软件为主要开发工具,建立有限元模型对300kA石墨化阴极铝电解槽的电-热场进行计算分析,并与测试结果进行了比较和讨论。研究表明,石墨化阴极炭块内温度梯度相对普通阴极更小,温度分布更加均匀;配合使用碳化硅侧块能增强电解槽散热能力,可以有效加强大型预焙槽的散热。     

技术交流园地

1．伍迪电解槽进槽盐水添加盐酸的时机。A：请问伍迪电解槽进槽盐水在什么时候添加盐酸？B：电流一般在10kA以上。C：一般开车运行2年后。A：哦,那就是新装置无须加盐酸了。伍迪电解槽进料盐水管上的加盐酸管是否须插入盐水管中？B：无须插入。     

户外大型变压整流装置在氯碱厂的应用

一、前言随着现代化工业生产规模的不断扩大,电化冶金部门的电槽电流激剧增加,要求电解电源向大电流,特大容量发展。目前食盐电解世界上最大的电槽电流在美国已经达到600千安,西欧与日本等国也在200～450千安范围。我国水银电解槽为150～200千安。我厂七四年投运了系列化30型金属阳极隔膜电解槽四十台,使电流从采用石墨阳极20KA左右,提高到60KA,效果良好,也实现了电槽生产的露天化。随着容量增大和露天化生产,若采用传统的户外变压器与户内整流柜相联结的方     

南宁化工氯碱厂隔膜装置改造见成效

南宁化工股份有限公司氯碱厂用6年时间对170多台隔膜金属电解槽进行改造,至2009年4月,隔膜法烧碱生产系统的所有普通阳极隔膜电解槽被扩张阳极配改性隔膜电解槽取代,目前,运行情况良好,且效果显著。槽龄从8个月延长到1年多;因电解运行指标不合格而除槽的台数大大减少,电解槽的运行电流在50kA的情况下,平均电压为3．15V左右;30％隔膜法烧碱电耗由2008年的2562kW·h／t降为2452kW·h／t,节电110kW·h／t。     

加强金属阳极电解生产控制指标的管理

自1979年推广金属阳极电槽生产烧碱至今已有十多年,除少数氯碱企业采用离子膜电槽外,大部分氯碱企业已由石墨阳极电槽改造为金属阳极电槽。很多厂家加强管理,严格按照金属阳极电槽操作规程和工艺控制点进行操作,充分发挥了金属阳极电解槽的优势。1993年4月在常州召开的中国氯碱工业协会第二届电解技术咨询组第一次会议     

168 kA新型阴极高效节能铝电解槽节能机理

为了研究168 kA新型阴极铝电解槽的节能机理,对新型阴极电解槽内部热场、电磁场以及铝液流场进行了数值模拟,并利用自行研制的铝液波动动态检测系统对新型阴极电解槽阴极铝液液面波动进行了测量。结果表明：新型阴极电解槽的阴极凸起可降低槽内阴极铝液的流速,其阴极铝液X向、Y向水平流速均小于普通阴极电解槽,并且能够有效地减弱阴极铝液的波动。因此,新型阴极电解槽的极距为3.8 cm,比同系列普通阴极电解槽低1 cm,其电解质压降比普通阴极电解槽的电解质压降低380 mV。新型阴极电解槽能量利用率比同系列普通阴极电解槽能量利用率高5％。     

优质阴极在160kA预焙电解槽上的应用

电解槽使用寿命的长短是制约每个电解铝生产企业经济效益提高的一个关键性因素，如何延长电解槽的使用寿命是电解生产企业需要解决的永恒课题。本文介绍了优质阴极在160kA预焙电解槽上应用的情况，旨在提高电解铝的经济效益和延长电解槽的使用寿命。     

基于阳极电流波动的铝电解槽槽况诊断系统

引言 铝电解槽在正常生产过程中处于高温状态,且其内的高温熔体具有很强的腐蚀性,一般的材料在其中会很快被腐蚀.因此铝电解槽的工作状态很难直接探测并实现在线显示,但铝电解槽工作状态参数的获得对槽况在线识别和操作优化是至关重要的.     

Reliability and accuracy of measured overpotential in a three-electrode fuel cell system

Numerical simulation was conducted to study the potential and current density distributions at the active electrode surface of a solid oxide fuel cell. The effects of electrode deviation, electrolyte thickness and electrode polarization resistance on the measurement error were investigated. For a coaxial anode/electrolyte/cathode system where the radius of the anode is greater than that of cathode, the cathode overpotential is overestimated while the anode overpotential is underestimated. Although the current interruption method or impedance spectroscopy can be employed to compensate/correct the error for a symmetric electrode configuration, it is not useful when dealing with the asymmetric electrode system. For the purpose of characterizing the respective overpotentials in a fuel cell, the cell configuration has to be carefully designed to minimize the measurement error, in particular the selection of the electrolyte thickness, which may cause significant error. For the anode-support single fuel cell, it is difficult to distinguish the polarization between the anode and cathode with reference to a reference electrode. However, numerical results can offer an approximate idea about the source/cause of the measurement error and provide design criteria for the fuel cell to improve the reliability and accuracy of the measurement technique.     

300 kA铝电解槽电、磁、流多物理场耦合仿真

将标量电位法和磁标量位法相结合,开发了铝电解槽电场、磁场耦合计算模块,并导出了电磁力场以计算磁流体三维湍流流场及其界面波高. 计算结果表明,垂直磁场基本呈现为反对称关系,水平电流对磁流体运动有显著影响,铝液流场形态基本对称,呈现为4个较大漩涡,铝液界面向中部隆起. 将计算结果与测试值进行了比较,表明该方法能够有效用于铝电解槽生产和设计的物理场仿真计算分析.     

Energy consumption of aluminium smelting cells containing solid wetted cathodes

Tests with 10 kA pilot cells show that substituting a wetted, dimensionally stable cathode for the turbulent metal cathode allows the anode-cathode distance (ACD) to be decreased, with an attendant voltage reduction of about 1 V, depending on current density. Since high current efficiency is retained, specific energy consumption is decreased by about 20%. These savings are not as great as anticipated, however, because the effective electrical resistivity of the electrolyte increases as the ACD is lowered. This effect is ascribed to an increased void fraction of anode gas in the interpolar space, which appears to be dependent on anode size.     

质子交换膜燃料电池温度和电流分布同步测定

发展了一种新的质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）局部特性测试方法,该方法实现了在不改变PEMFC膜电极和电池结构的情况下对PEMFC电流密度和局部温度分布的同步测量。对一种PEMFC在自然冷却状态下,阳极流场板背面温度分布以及阴极电流密度分布进行了实验测定。实验结果表明,阳极流场板背面最大温差小于1℃;电流密度分布主要受电极内液态水分布影响;同时,水蒸气冷凝放热导致电池局部温度升高是造成电池温度分布不均的主要因素。     

基于深度学习的显微离焦图像法颗粒深度测量

显微成像条件下的三维流场测量是微通道流动等研究的基础,其难点在于颗粒深度位置的测量。由于显微镜头景深极小,成像时通道内大部分颗粒处于离焦状态。本文首先基于几何光学原理分析了显微成像前后离焦 不对称的特点,随后基于Inception V3卷积神经网络搭建了颗粒深度预测模型,并通过光线追踪方法生成粒径 1~10μm的10种颗粒在深度范围-50～50μm内的仿真显微图像,应用深度预测模型对其进行训练及预测,颗粒深度预测结果显示1～3μm颗粒的相对误差在±13%以内,4～10μm颗粒的相对误差小于±5%。最后在微通道中拍摄粒径分别为2.6μm和5μm的聚苯乙烯微球在深度范围-50～50μm内的显微图像,应用同一深度预测模型进行训练及预测,两种颗粒深度预测结果的相对误差分别为小于±15%和±5%。结果表明,所提出的基于深度学习的显微离焦图像法能够有效测量微通道内颗粒深度位置,为图像法流场测量技术增加了新的思路。     

Effect of operating conditions on anode passivation in the electrorefining of copper

The effect of various process variables on anode passivation in copper electrorefining was investigated by combining conventional electrochemical techniques, laser-based visualization, and digital image processing in a laboratory scale copper electrorefining cell. High current density operation causes early anode passivation; in the range of 0.23 to 1.50 kA m^–2, the effect of current density on the onset of passivation was found to be constant. The higher the temperature the longer the time required for the onset of anode passivation. When the electrolyte is circulated, anode passivation occurs earlier than in the absence of circulation, but the effect also depends on the direction of circulation.     

Positioning the reference electrode in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: calculations of primary and secondary current distribution

The primary and secondary current distribution study indicates the geometry of a thin electrolyte in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell has a direct relation to the measured electrode polarization, thus making the positioning of the reference electrode and ohmic compensation critical. The different kinetic overpotentials on the electrodes can also affect the potential distribution and therefore affect the measurement accuracy. The measurement error can be significant for the fuel cell system with different kinetic overpotentials and with electrode misalignment. The measurement error for both hydrogen and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) has been analyzed over the current density region with no mass transfer effects. By using two reference electrodes, the measurement error can be substantially decreased for both anode and cathode measurement in a direct methanol fuel cell, and for the cathode measurement in a hydrogen/air fuel cell.