多孔型纵横凝结换热表面的性能研究

该文提出了一种新型凝结换热表面-多孔型纵槽表面,通过对该表面与普通光滑表面进行的对比实验研究。得出应用该表面进行凝结换热可明显提高传热效果。是一种强化凝结换热的新方法。将多孔型纵槽表面应用于太阳能热泵系统可增强冷凝器的换热效果,对提高太阳能热泵系统性能和能源的有效利用率具有积极的意义。此外,文章还从工程实际应用出发,简单分析了多孔型纵槽管冷凝器在太阳能热泵系统中的应用前景。     

影响换热面结垢诱导期的表面特性研究

换热面结垢是一个普遍存在的问题,而结垢诱导期的长短对污垢形成过程具有重要的影响,即使在相同实验条件下,不同材料换热面的结垢诱导期仍相差较大.因此本文通过对附着在换热面上的半球形污垢晶核进行受力分析,发现污垢晶核与换热面之间的附着力对其结垢诱导期长短起决定性作用,然后根据颗粒与平板间附着力模型,计算了污垢晶核与具有不同表面能的换热面间附着力,并与相应的结垢诱导期进行对比.结果表明:结垢诱导期的长短与换热面的表面能、污垢晶核与换热面间的附着力及表面粗糙度尺度有关.     

新型凝结换热表面的研究

提出了一种新型凝结换热表面，报道了该表面及流道的结构、实验研究的系统和工况，得出了表征饱和水蒸气在该类复杂结构流道中流动凝结时所服从的凝结换热规律，并分析了影响流动凝结换热的因素。     

基于遗传算法的交错波纹板换热器表面传热系数的分离

为了获得交错波纹板换热器表面对流换热规律,通过实验测定了典型100 kW微型燃气轮机交错波纹板换热器的传热系数,提出了采用遗传算法将表面传热系数从传热系数中分离出来的方法.该方法以换热准则关系式中4个系数变量作为待寻找最佳值的待求变量,并进行搜索和优化,由此获得关联式系数来预测传热系数,成功分离出表面传热系数.该分离方法具有通用性,可灵活方便地研究各种此类换热器的传热性能.所预测的传热系数与实验获得的传热系数接近,能准确地反映换热的真实规律.     

波纹和波纹打孔板翅表面换热特性的研究

采用红外热像技术在稳态条件下分别测量了波纹和波纹打孔板翅表面的对流换热系数，得到了换热无量纲准则式。对两种板翅表面的传热与阻力特性进行了比较分析，结果表明在Re=1000-3000的大部分范围内，波纹打孔型表面比波纹型表面的换热系数高5%-25％，在Re＜2000的范围内，波纹打孔流道的阻力略小于波纹流道或基本相当。图6参3     

新型复合防腐表面烟气对流凝结换热实验研究

烟气对流凝结换热强化和换热表面防腐是天然气热能动力设备烟气余热回收利用关键技术。不同防腐表面耐腐蚀性能不同,且换热性能也不同。采用CCD高速摄像仪,对烟气在新型复合防腐表面上的凝结形态和凝结过程进行了可视化观测和换热实验研究,采用对图像边缘提取法,获得凝结液的边缘曲线。研究表明,烟气在新型复合防腐表面上的凝结为珠状凝结,凝结液珠最大粒径为0.2～0.28 mm,与其他表面形成的膜状凝结相比,在实验范围内,珠状凝结换热可提高约7倍。为增强烟气对流凝结换热和开发烟气冷凝余热回收利用技术提供了参考和依据。     

粗糙表面流动与换热的数值模拟的新模型

考虑“粗糙元高度”和“粗糙元间距”两个因素的影响，对Van Drist阻尼函数进行了改进，然后将其引入边界层计算程序，对不同粗糙远间距、不同来流速度等工况下粗糙表面的换热进行了计算，结果与实验数据符合良好，说明改进后的Van Drist阻尼函数很好地反映了粗糙度雷诺数及粗糙元分布疏密度的影响，能适用于计算粗糙表面上的流动及换热。     

水平高速旋转圆柱表面对流换热的实验研究

应用红外热像技术研究了静止空气的大空间环境下水平旋转圆柱表面的对流换热与转速的关系。在本文的实验范围内，当Re在7300以下时，对流换热随Re的增大而迅速增加，Re超过7300时，其增加速度逐渐变缓，当Re增大到9600时，对流换热反而随Re的增加而减弱，实验结果与理论分析一致。     

纳米流体受限式浸没射流冲击凸台表面的换热研究

为了分析纳米流体受限式浸没射流冲击到凸台表面的换热效果,以及与水射流冲击光滑平板的换热情况对比,详细分析了纳米流体颗粒表面形状、纳米流体体积份额、纳米颗粒材料、射流Re数、喷嘴距换热表面的相对高度H/D对滞止点及整个热表面换热系数的影响。实验发现,表面形状对换热效果影响较大,射流冲击到凸台表面上滞止点换热系数h_0最小,但整个换热表面的局部换热系数h_x及平均换热系数h_(av)均为最大值,且换热系数随Re的增大而增大。纳米流体体积份额对换热效果的影响与喷射的相对高度H/D有关,当H/D为3时,h0及hav随纳米颗粒浓度的增大而增大;当H/D为5时,纳米流体体积份额φ为0.2%时的换热效果最好。     

椭圆管矩形翅片表面换热规律的实验研究

作者采用质热比拟技术，对翅片表面的局部传质系数进行了实验研究，分析了翅片表面气流的流动特性和对流换换机理，并由表面换热的强弱，提出了区域划分管理。     

Modeling of Air to Air Enthalpy Heat Exchanger

The thermal performance of a Z-shaped enthalpy heat exchanger utilizing 45-gsm Kraft paper as the heat and moisture transfer surface for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) energy recovery is experimentally investigated through temperature and moisture content measurements. A mathematical model is developed and validated against the experimental results using the effectiveness-NTU method. In this model the paper moisture transfer resistance is determined by paper moisture permeability measurements. Results showed that the paper moisture transfer resistance is not constant and varies with moisture gradient across the paper. Furthermore, the model is used to predict the heat exchanger performance for different heat exchanger flow configurations. The results showed that higher effectiveness values are achieved when the heat exchanger flow path width is reduced. Temperature and moisture distribution in the heat exchanger is also studied using a computational fluid dynamics package (FLUENT). To model the moisture transfer through the porous materials a nondimensional sensible–latent effectiveness ratio was developed to obtain the moisture boundary conditions on the heat exchanger surface.     

A New Realistic Characteristics of Real Energy Conversion Process: A Contribution of Finite Size Thermodynamics

The perfection of the energy conversion process is currently gauged through a kind of quality indicator that compares the real performance of the process to that of the ideal reversible Carnot process. The criteria resulting from this commonly used approach give a false idea as to the real quality of the energy conversion process. Indeed, the real energy conversion process that generates true energetic power levels is compared to the ideal associated Carnot process, which generates a zero-output power level. The real conversion process implementing finite heat exchanger areas is then compared to the ideal process that needs an infinite heat exchanger area to fulfill the same power requirements. This paper presents a new thermo-economic approach, based on Finite Size Thermodynamics, that is more suitable for qualifying real energy conversion processes. This approach takes into account the external thermodynamic irreversibilities relative to the heat transfer rate through a finite size heat exchanger surface between the external heat sources or sinks and an ideal process without internal thermodynamic irreversibilities. This new approach enables a more realistical evaluation of ideal performances of real energy conversion processes. It makes possible the definition of new criteria that characterize more reasonably the quality of a real thermal process compared with the corresponding endoreversible process the same power duty (performance criterion) or the same involved total heat exchanger surface (technical criterion).     

城市原生污水换热器的能效分析

结垢是影响城市原生污水换热器热工性能的主要原因.以壳管式污水换热器为例,在分析了污垢对换热器性能影响的基础之上,提出了换热器由于传热温差和流动阻力引起的不可逆有效能损失的计算方法,以及污水换热器不可避免(火用)损失的定义及计算方法.分析结果为污水换热器的工程应用和科学研究提供了理论基础.     

空调系统排风热回收换热器的试验研究

对用于回收空调系统余热的通风换热器进行了试验研究。在冬季工况下对其进行了性能测试。试验结果表明，该换热器具有换热效率高、阻力小的特点；在风速为2．6m/s的工况下，其换热效率达到64．5％。     

通风余热回收换热器的实验研究

本文提出了一种自行加工设计的用于空调余热回收的通风换热器,并对该换热器的性能进行了实验研究.在大量实验结果的基础上,得出了该换热器的换热性能和流动阻力情况,结果表明,该换热器具有换热效果好,阻力小的特点,说明其在实际应用中是可行的,也是有效的,是值得推广的空调节能技术.     

深层地埋管换热器换热性能模拟及稳定性研究

以深层地源热泵地埋管换热器为研究对象,对其换热特性进行数值模拟和实验研究。建立考虑轴向地温梯度的深层地埋管换热器传热模型并进行模拟计算,通过示范工程现场测试数据验证该模型的正确性。对深层地埋管换热器换热的性能稳定性进行研究,发现深层地埋管换热器连续长期运行及间歇长期运行下换热性能基本稳定。当按不同运停比运行时,岩土温度恢复效果良好。研究结果表明深层地源热泵有较好的换热性能及运行稳定性,为深层地热能的开发利用提供了新思路。     

A study on latent heat storage exchangers with the high‐temperature phase‐change material

This paper presents a theoretical analysis and an experimental test on a shell‐and‐tube latent heat storage exchanger. The heat exchanger is used to recover high‐temperature waste heat from industrial furnaces and off‐peak electricity. It can also be integrated into a renewable energy system as an energy storage component. A mathematical model describing the unsteady freezing problem coupled with forced convection is solved numerically to predict the performance of the heat exchanger. It provides the basis for an optimum design of the heat exchanger. The experimental study on the heat exchanger is carried out under various operating conditions. Effects of various parameters, such as the inlet temperature, the mass flow rate, the thickness of the phase‐change material and the length of the pipes, on the heat transfer performance of the unit are discussed combined with theoretical prediction. The criterion for analyzing and evaluating the performance of heat exchanger is also proposed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

蒸发冷却板式换热器的传热与阻力实验研究

通过对板式换热器传热的理论分析和在干工况、喷淋工况下的实验研究,得出板式换热器在喷淋情形下空气侧喷淋水量对强化对流传热系数的影响关系,进而拟合出喷淋情形下空气侧的对流传热系数的关联式。同时为了综合考虑由于喷淋造成的换热器性能的变化,还对喷淋前后空气侧的阻力变化进行了测试分析。     

Working fluids for low-temperature heat source

The performance of different working fluids to recover low-temperature heat source is studied. A simple Rankine cycle with subcritical configuration is considered. This work is to screen working fluids based on power production capability and component (heat exchanger and turbine) size requirements. Working fluids considered are R134a, R123, R227ea, R245fa, R290, and n-pentane. Energy balance is carried out to predict operating conditions of the process. Outputs of energy balance are used as input for exergy analysis and components (heat exchanger and turbine) design. The heat exchanger is divided into small intervals so that logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) method is applicable. R227ea gives highest power for heat source temperature range of 80–160 °C and R245fa produces the highest in the range of 160–200 °C. There is optimal pressure where the heat exchanger surface area is minimum. This optimal pressure changes with heat source temperature and working fluid used. The least heat exchanger area required at constant power rating is found when the working fluid is n-pentane. At lower heat source temperature (80 °C), the maximum power output and minimum heat exchanger surface area for different working fluids is comparable.     

A Correction Factor-Based General Thermal Resistance Formula for Heat Exchanger Design and Performance Analysis

Methods for the analysis of heat exchangers with various flow arrangements modeling, design, and performance are essential for heat transfer system modeling and its integration with other energy system models. This paper proposes the use of the linear-transfer law for the heat exchanger design and performance analysis as a function of the thermal resistance related to the ratio of a linear temperature difference to the total heat transfer rate. Additionally, we derived a correction factor that represents the influence of the flow arrangement on the heat transfer performance by the effective thermal conductance, as a function of correction factor, heat transfer coefficient, and surface area. Based on the effective thermal conductance, we propose the hot-end NTU and cold-end NTU for deriving a standardized and general thermal resistance formula for different types of heat exchangers by the combination of the correction factor with linear-transfer law. Moreover, for parallel-flow, cross-flow, and 1-2 Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association(TEMA) E shell-and-tube heat exchangers, we derived and obtained alternative correction factor expressions without introducing any temperatures. Two cases about heat exchanger design and performance analysis show that the calculation processes using the correction factor-based general thermal resistance are straightforward without any iteration and the calculation results are accurate. Finally, the experimental validation shows that the general thermal resistance formula is appropriate for analyzing the heat transfer performance. That is, the correction factor-based general thermal resistance formula provides a standardized model for heat exchanger analysis and heat transfer/integrated energy system modeling using the heat current method.