Δ13CO2值傅里叶变换红外光谱检测标准尺度校准方法

为了提高13CO2值的FTIR检测准确度,保证不同检测系统检测数据之间的兼容性,需要对测量值进行标准气体校准。首先研究了13CO2值的标准气体校准方法,重点研究了浓度直接校准法和13CO2值经验校准法的校准过程,在此基础上对13CO2值的FTIR测量值进行了校准修正。校准修正结果表明:校准后13CO2值的测量准确度有明显提高,浓度直接校准法和13CO2值经验校准法的准确度分别提高5.5和6.4倍。该研究有助于提高FTIR技术的检测准确度和不同系统之间检测值的兼容性。     

一种实现烟草商业企业订单跟踪及质量评价的信息化建设思路

本文以陕西省烟草专卖局（公司）的核心业务系统一卷烟营销系统的建设为背号,围绕烟草商业企业订单跟踪和质量评价的过程进行思考,从当前业务面临问题、信息系统建设现状,未来信息化一体化目标等方面进行综合分析,并结合当前业界主流的信息技术应用方向,提出了一种面向烟草商业企业订单跟踪和质量评价的建设思路,期望借以此文为烟草商业企业乃至所有快消品企业通过信息化手段提高订货效率、提升零售客户满意度、增强企业自身竞争力提供借鉴。     

Advanced learning tools: From real needs to useful student support [Instrumentation Notes]

Advanced learning tools that use current technologies such as informatics, electronics, and sensors can improve the efficiency of student laboratory sessions. Based on remote teaching [1], [2] and advanced monitoring tools [3], [4], [5], these laboratories can improve student learning so much that they effectively change the laboratory teaching approach. This "assisted educational activity" can be extended to cover a large set of student and school needs. The main advantages of these systems are: · a large number of students can use the same equipment; · fewer tutors are needed; · scheduling student labs is much easier; · a more effective teaching activity is possible; · they allow distance learning; and · they can be adapted for students with different needs, including the visually impaired. Educational tools discussed in this column that have been developed by researchers at the DIEES department of the University of Catania [6] are a Computer Science Class Teaching Aid for the Visually Impaired, several Virtual Instruments, and online laboratory sessions for electrical and electronic measurement courses. An interactive environment has also been developed to reduce the time needed to write an accurate technical report [3]. A common word processor (PC) used for writing technical papers is connected via the network (either local or Internet) to a host computer that has an interactive set of digital instruments. The PC uses suitable routines implemented in SCPI language (Standard Command for Programmable Instruments) to allow local control of the digital instruments.     

Application of the Josephson effect to voltage metrology

The unique ability of a Josephson junction to control the flow of magnetic flux quanta leads to a perfect relationship between frequency and voltage. Over the last 30 years, metrology laboratories have used this effect to greatly improve the accuracy of dc voltage standards. More recent research is focused on combining the ideas of digital signal processing with quantum voltage pulses to achieve similar gains in ac voltage metrology. The integrated circuits that implement these ideas are the only complex superconducting electronic devices that have found wide commercial application.     

自研SDWAN在全球业务场景中的设计与实现

当下各大跨国公司全球化网络互联解决方案均在不断演进。针对传统运营商提供的MSTP/MPLS国际互联链路所表现出来的高费用、长工期、难排障等问题,在随着SDWAN概念的提出,逐渐获得缓解。越来越多的运营商、云服务商、互联网公司开始对外提供SDWAN服务,也为企业带来了新的互联选择。自研加速SDWAN可降低业务成本、提升自主性,针对业务系统进行强关联,保证资源合理分配。     

电子商务商业模式：基于服务战略差异的研究

随着信息技术（特别是互联网技术）的普及,越来越多的企业通过电子商务的商业模式来提高企业的竞争力。本文首先回顾电子商务商业模式和服务战略的相关理论。然后从服务战略的视角出发,提出了基于服务交付过程和产品特征两个维度的电子商务商业模式的分析框架。基于此框架,本文分析了水泥＋砖块型,鼠标＋水泥型和纯数字虚拟型三类商业模式之间的差异。最后本文通过当当网和招商网上银行的案例验证了本文所提出的分析框架。     

Enhanced calibration technique for RSSI-based ranging in body area networks

Indoor positioning systems based on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are commonly used. The position accuracy in these systems is highly affected by the wireless medium variability, and therefore, a precise calibration is necessary to translate the power measurements to corresponding distance between each pair of nodes. In this paper, we propose a calibration scheme that is tailored to Body Area Networks (BANs) applications. The a priori knowledge about the environment conditions in these applications can increase the accuracy of the localization system, improve its robustness to interference, and reduce the number of RSSI measurements which are required for the calibration process compared to the traditional calibration methods. We define a criterion to obtain the calibration scheme using different a priori knowledge for both the mapping table and the path-loss model parameters. For evaluation of our new calibration scheme, we conducted a series of experiments in a real-world indoor environment, focusing on a proximate environment that is commonly used in BANs. We showed that for a tracking application, calibration methods utilizing the a priori knowledge are superior in terms of localization accuracy over other existing calibration methods with relatively small number of offline measurements.     

Multicore software technologies

For decades, parallel computers were synonymous with supercomputers, large and expensive machines built by companies like Cray and IBM, affordable only to government laboratories and large corporations. Only expert programmers were able to effectively use these systems. In the 1990s, two parallel programming standards grew to dominate the parallel computing landscape: the Message Passing Interface (MPI) [1] and Open Multiprocessing (OpenMP) [2]. MPI and OpenMP simplified development of parallel applications by promoting portable, open standards over multiple proprietary technologies. Nevertheless, MPI and OpenMP still required an indepth understanding of parallel computing.     

Further Improvements in Real-Time Load-Pull Measurement Accuracy

This letter proposes a new solution to improve the accuracy of real-time load-pull measurement systems. Since it is well known that load-pull measurement accuracy depends on the calibration residual uncertainty, the presented solution uses a new algorithm to reduce it. Measurement results that corroborate the proposed solution, with respect to the previous one, show the improvements that have been achieved.      

A Management Platform for Commercial Web Services

Web Services offer the promise of allowing BT, along with its customers, partners and suppliers, to be able to assemble distributed applications that span multiple systems and organisations. The commercial drivers for this are cost reduction, new revenue opportunities and a better service through the use of automated end-to-end business processes. To achieve these benefits, BT will require a fully managed internal Web Services infrastructure. At the same time, creating a managed platform for our customers' Web Services deployments provides us with a new business opportunity. Early experience suggests that 20% of the effort in creating a commercial Web Services application is expended in defining the commercial opportunity, the service interfaces and server implementations. The remaining 80% is spent on ensuring that the operational and deployment environment is adequate to support business-grade service levels. Managing that 80% of the problem for our customers is a business opportunity for BT. This paper describes the requirements for a management platform for Web Services and then goes on to describe some of the value added business services that this platform can support. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Test and measurement

The author describes how the test and measurement industry today is at a watershed. Although the communications test market remains strong, the military-aerospace sector is in retreat, and the computer marketplace is laboring under tremendous economic pressure. For their part, providers of hardware and software for automated calibration are taking advantage of the upcoming requirement that manufacturing companies conform to ISO 9000 if they want to do business with the European Union (formerly Community). Doing so will require, among many other things, that documented procedures for calibrating measuring instruments be developed and adhered to-a natural application for automated calibration     

Measurement assurance and accreditation

The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) has developed a concept to accredit laboratories which provide electromagnetic power, attenuation, and reflection coefficient calibration services. This program, developed under the general procedures of the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) would accredit calibration laboratories for levels of uncertainty equivalent to the uncertainties of measurements made at NBS. Implementation of the program is being delayed pending funding to implement a Measurement Assurance Program (MAP) by NBS. The MAP is a quality assurance program to establish and monitor the uncertainty of measurements being made by participating laboratories on a continuing basis.     

面向服务的网络管理机制的建模方法

针对目前以面向对象的方法描述的网络管理机制仅仅关注管理操作细节的局限性,该文提出以服务的概念建模网络管理机制,扩展了对操作机制的商务过程特性、流程和策略等方面内容的描述能力。首先,通过建立网络管理功能、商务过程元素以及网络管理服务三者间的对应关系,使网络管理服务兼具操作细节和商务过程两方面的内容。然后,提出了包括服务接口、信息、语义、流程和策略的网络管理服务描述内容以及一种自顶向下和自底向上相结合的网络管理服务分析过程,并进行了举例说明。以面向服务的方法描述网络管理操作机制,符合面向客户和商务过程的电信运营策略,支持自动和灵活的运营过程,并可以有效指导网络管理及运营支撑系统的分析、设计、实施和集成。     

基于全局空间控制的高精度柔性视觉测量系统研究

针对传统机器人视觉测量系统中测量精度受机器人绝对定位精度限制的问题,构建了基于全局空间控制的高精度柔性视觉测量系统并研究其标定技术。通过全局空间测量定位系统实现机器人末端工具的高精度实时控制,可以突破机器人自身定位精度的限制,充分发挥其高度柔性的运动特性。为实现系统高精度测量,提出一种基于单应性矩阵的视觉传感器外参标定方法,该方法仅需对所设计的平面靶标进行一次成像,结合激光跟踪仪进行坐标转换即可实现传感器坐标系与外部参考坐标系之间坐标转换关系的精确标定。实验结果表明,基于全局空间控制的机器人视觉测量系统在其工作空间中距离测量精度优于0.2/mm,较传统的机器人视觉测量系统得到显著提高。     

新型紫外波段星载太阳定标板漫反射特性测量

星载太阳定标漫反板的漫反射朗伯特性及其辐照衰减特性直接决定了空间遥感仪器在轨辐射定标长期的精度和稳定性。为保证紫外高光谱探测仪的在轨辐射定标精度,在介绍目前常用太阳定标漫反板材料的基础上,提出了一种新型的紫外波段漫反板备选材料：高纯度不透明熔融石英材料HOD,并比对测试了该新型HOD漫反板与传统铝制漫反板的漫反射朗伯特性和辐照衰减特性。结果表明,32个等效太阳时(32ESH)的真空紫外辐照后,HOD漫反板在290 nm衰减为7.5%,优于传统铝制漫反板的10%。并且铝制漫反板在290 nm附近的朗伯特性最大余弦偏差约为40%,而HOD漫反板约为10%。因此,新型HOD漫反板在紫外波段的漫反射特性优于传统的铝制漫反板,可提高空间紫外遥感仪器的在轨辐射定标的长期精度。     

利用变形镜抑制光纤模态噪声

光纤模态噪声限制了下一代高精度视向速度光谱仪的测量精度。特别是当使用相干光源进行波长定标时,模态噪声会引起视向速度测量误差,降低视向速度测量精度。为了抑制光纤模态噪声,提出了一种基于变形镜的动态改变散斑花样的技术方法,该方法是在单次曝光时间内通过动态改变变形镜的面型,平滑光纤引起的散斑花样,提高定标光谱的质心稳定性,从而保证视向速度的测量精度。通过实验,利用632.8 nm 氦氖激光器作为定标光源,验证了该方法的有效性。实验结果表明,单次曝光图像包含约105个变形镜形变模式时,可以有效抑制光纤模态噪声。针对分辨率R=100000的光谱仪,单根定标谱线的情况下,光纤模态噪声引起的视向速度定标误差约为19.8 cm/s,与国际上其他技术方法的精度持平,该方法不仅可以提高能量利用率,且不影响光纤的使用寿命。     

高效协同、全息感知的光伏结算新模式设计与研究

通过深入调研分析,梳理了光伏结算业务当前面临的业务痛点,并分析了具体的业务需求。基于业务需求,对当前业务流程进行改进;为了保障新业务的有效运作,提出了包括营销部、财务部以及外部支撑单位等在内的"五位一体"工作协同机制;同时,研发微信小程序作为信息化支撑,建立了高效协同、全息感知的光伏结算新模式。这些措施有效提升了供电公司的服务效率,更好地贯彻了国家光伏扶贫政策,可为兰溪光伏产业发展提供助力。     

电磁兼容抗干扰测试仪器的校准

电磁兼容抗干扰测试仪器是电磁兼容测试中重要的一类测试仪器,但对于这些仪器的校准测试仍然没有国家计量检定规程或校准规范.本文对上述仪器的校准方法和校准仪器进行了介绍.     

企业内部沟通的有效性研究

内部沟通是企业的一项质量管理活动,在ISO9001和GB/T19001《质量管理体系要求》的诸多要素中,“内部沟通”是要素之一.尽管建立了质量管理体系的企业都将“内部沟通”列入了管理内容,但它并没有引起管理者们的足够重视,更谈不上有效沟通.因此,有必要认真理解沟通的作用,克服沟通障碍,研究沟通的有效方法,提高沟通的效率,才能保证质量管理体系真正得到有效运行.     

地市广电网络运维支撑体系建设探讨

对当前业内运维现状、支撑业务发展需求进行分析,从管理角度探讨地市广电网络公司如何通过完善运维管理规范和流程、技术培训和故障处理等,制定科学可行的管理措施,完成运维支撑体系建设,适应越来越复杂的网络和业务运维支撑需求,为用户提供优质的服务并及时解决出现的故障,提升用户体验。