基于大数据的两客一危全过程安全监管模型及平台

随着公路网络的建设完善,区域间运输效率得到极大提升。但是如何提高道路交通运输安全水平,是当前亟需解决的重大课题。在此背景下,针对道路交通运输中"两客一危"营运车辆的交通运行安全行为展开研究,首先分析了"两客一危"营运车辆的运行特征,然后构建了"两客一危"营运车辆非法运营判别算法模型,最后基于大数据技术设计了"两客一危"非法营运动态监管全过程安全监管系统框架。应用表明,基于大数据的"两客一危"非法营运动态监管算法,能够准确识别"两客一危"车辆的疑似非法运营行为,为综合执法提供有效依据。     

虚拟驾驶员决策行为模型研究

驾驶决策行为是驾驶行为研究的重要内容.为提高驾驶决策行为建模与仿真的可信度,提出了基于分层的驾驶员决策行为模型.将驾驶决策分为策略层、方法层、行动层和车辆控制层四个层次.重点对驾驶员行动层的决策行为进行实现.使用两点法和PID方法相结合,计算车辆转向角度,使用反应点跟车模型计算车辆纵向行驶速度.通过驾驶员跟车行为仿真,分析了跟车行为模型的稳定性和逼真性,说明了驾驶员决策行为模型的可信性,使驾驶行为模型的输出更加真实.     

营运车辆驾驶行为的研究与应用

我国公路运输里程数居世界前列,且大部分的客货运输工作都是由营运车辆来完成.有数据显示,大部分的重特大运输事故与营运车辆有关.因此需重视营运车辆的运行状况,特别是重视驾驶员的驾驶行为,以减少车辆事故的发生.论文通过对车联网数据进行分析、确定驾驶行为指标及各指标得分细则并使用K-means聚类方法对驾驶行为进行分级,最终建立评估模型,客观评估驾驶行为的优劣.实际结果表明,该评价模型为驾驶员行为习惯的综合分析提供了一种可行的方法.     

基于OBDII&EOBD的机动车监测系统分析与设计

针对国内个人用户、行业用户对实时性车辆状态、驾驶习惯和故障检修的需求,设计了一套机动车实时监测系统。基于OBDII&EOBD协议,车载OBD终端设备获取车辆故障码、地理位置、行车速度等数据信息,通过GPRS与基于J2EE架构的网站服务端建立通信。服务端对数据进行分析,从而对车辆的故障状态进行诊断,统计归纳驾驶员的驾驶习惯和行车状况,最终将车辆检测和统计分析的结果展现在网页客户端,或者i OS/Android移动手持设备上。视车辆的故障情况,驾驶员可以选择通过本系统与汽车维修厂建立联系,为驾驶员的行车安全、出行便利,以及交通管理和保险业提供参考建议和数据支持。     

基于嵌入式系统汽车行驶记录仪的研制

为了遏止疲劳驾驶、车辆超速等交通违章、约束驾驶人员的不良驾驶行为、保障车辆行驶安全,设计了一种以AVR处理器为核心μC/OS-Ⅱ为操作系统的汽车行驶状态记录仪系统,串行DSI302为实时时钟,大容量串行K9F6408Flash存储器为存储介质,对汽车行驶状态进行实时监测和记录,系统可以通过串口或USB接口进行参数设置和记录数据的转储,转储到PC机中的数据通过上层分析软件进行分析处理,从而为主管部门对车辆及驾驶员的管理和调度提供科学的依据,实验表明该记录仪完全符合国家标准.     

考虑驾驶员夜视距离误差的汽车制动反应模型

由于夜间汽车制动性能较差,影响汽车行驶的安全保障.夜间人眼视觉存在视觉生理性延迟.在视觉延迟环境下,视认距离会明显缩短.传统的车辆刹车模型未分析夜间驾驶员视觉距离误差因素,以常规视觉距离作为刹车引导依据,导致夜间判断的车辆距离存在较大的偏差,无法构建有效的驾驶紧急刹车反应模型.提出融合人眼夜视距离误差的智能驾驶紧急刹车反应模型,分析不同情况下驾驶员夜视距离特征,塑造驾驶员夜间视认距离-行驶速度-平均光照度关系模型,选取行驶速度、平均道路照度以及夜视距离差三个评估指标计算隶属度,获取最佳刹车反应速度,实现智能紧急刹车控制.实验结果说明,改进模型使驾驶员的刹车反应速度和稳定性有所提高,具有较高的鲁棒性.     

协同自适应巡航控制车队仿真

如何评估道路环境等外部条件变化对协同自适应巡航控制（Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control,CACC）车队行驶安全性的影响,对于保障道路交通安全尤为重要。为此,结合Matlab/Simulink和CarSim搭建车辆-环境仿真平台研究道路环境对车队行驶安全性的影响。利用美国NGSIM车辆轨迹数据对平台采用的校正的预瞄驾驶员模型、加速度控制模型、节气门控制模型和制动器控制模型的控制器进行验证;利用平台开展红灯状态、隧道行驶和匝道行驶三种道路环境对车队行驶状态影响的仿真实验。仿真结果表明：车队可以顺利通过路口红绿灯;在安全车速范围内车队进出隧道口时方向控制良好;匝道坡度主要影响车辆加速度和车间距,坡度分别为3%和5%时,车队均保持稳定车间距安全行驶。     

基于单片机的车辆行驶记录仪

车辆行驶记录仪已陆续在许多国家和地区大量使用.该行驶记录仪基于单片机控制,采用flash存储技术,通过霍尔传感器和加速度传感器,记录车辆的行驶状态,可以对驾驶员驾驶行为进行记录,有助于监督驾驶员合法行驶,减少交通事故,并且该记录仪能够通过汽车发生碰撞前后的状态数据,计算出汽车在碰撞过程中的运动轨迹,有助于对交通事故的原因和责任的鉴定.     

基于Kalman滤波器的车道保持辅助系统研究

以非线性车辆动力学模型作为系统被控对象,利用Matlab/Simulink软件设计一种基于Kalman滤波算法的车道保持驾驶辅助系统。运用Kalman算法估计车辆行驶状态信息,并利用"预瞄—跟随"驾驶员模型—车辆模型—控制器所组成的驾驶员模型在回路仿真的方式对所设计系统进行验证。结果显示所设计的车道保持辅助系统能有效提高车辆路径跟踪能力。     

跟车安全间距二维云控制

车辆行驶在道路上时速度并非恒定的,于是跟随其行驶的车辆也会随着前车变化而变化。然而,在驾驶过程中驾驶员表现出的不确定性行为特征,使得人们对驾驶员的行为难以进行精确的数学描述。基于安全距离理论提出了跟车二维云控制算法,并对驾驶行程中由于突发事件的影响,驾驶员急加减速的跟车行为进行仿真。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.