天然气制乙炔副产炭黑在天然橡胶中的应用研究

采用两种方式制备天然气制乙炔副产炭黑并进行性能表征,并将两种副产炭黑与炭黑N660分别添加到天然橡胶(NR)中,考察其对NR胶料性能的影响。研究表明:未压滤副产炭黑的比表面积和结构均大于压滤副产炭黑,但与炭黑N660相比仍有差距;炭黑N660和未压滤副产炭黑胶料的门尼粘度较高且相近,压滤副产炭黑胶料的门尼粘度最低;炭黑N660胶料的邵尔A型硬度、100%定伸应力、300%定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度最高,未压滤副产炭黑胶料其次,压滤副产炭黑胶料最低;压滤副产炭黑胶料的耐磨性能最差,压缩疲劳温升最高;两种副产炭黑对胶料均具有一定的补强作用,但与炭黑N660相比仍有一定差距;未压滤副产炭黑胶料的分散性能和动态力学性能优于压滤副产炭黑胶料。     

炭黑结构对工业轮胎胶料机械性能的影响

本研究旨在探讨炭黑结构对含天然橡胶(NR)和丁苯橡胶(SBR)的工业轮胎胶料的机械性能的影响。使用了不同结构的炭黑,并对其流变性能和物理性能进行了表征。结果发现,含高结构炭黑即N550的NR胶料呈现出较高的扭矩和较短的硫化时间。相反,NR/SBR并用胶对这一现象的影响并不明显。研究还发现,尽管N375和N339品种炭黑的结构不同,但是对于NR/SBR并用胶料内的物理性能,例如硬度、回弹性、拉伸强度和撕裂强度却影响不大。     

炭黑RCF30与N326的性能对比

对炭黑RCF30与N326及其NR胶料性能进行比较。与炭黑N326相比，RCF30的NR胶料焦烧时间长，加工安全性好，强度略高。使用同一种炭黑的胶料，随着炭黑用量的增大，焦烧时间延长。当炭黑用量达到一定值时，胶料强度趋于稳定。     

炭黑RCF30与N326的性能对比

对炭黑RCF30与N326及其NR胶料性能进行比较。与炭黑N326相比，RCF30的NR胶料焦烧时间长．加工安全性好，强度略高。使用同一种炭黑的胶料，随着炭黑用量的增大．焦烧时间延长。当炭黑用量达到一定值时．胶料强度趋于稳定。     

炭黑对天然橡胶蠕变性能的影响

研究炭黑对天然橡胶(NR)蠕变性能的影响。结果表明:随着炭黑粒径增大、比表面积减小,胶料的F_(max)减小,t_(10)和t_(90)延长,结合胶含量减小;炭黑N330与N774胶料的抗蠕变性能相当,炭黑N990胶料的抗蠕变性能较差,炭黑N550胶料的抗蠕变性能较好;采用炭黑N550胶料的发动机悬置总成橡胶件蠕变量小,动刚度变化率小,抗蠕变性能好。     

炭黑对天然橡胶钢丝复合体性能的影响

研究了不同牌号的炭黑对天然橡胶(NR)钢丝复合体综合性能的影响,并选取了应用最为广泛的炭黑N330对复合体的填料添加量进行优化分析。结果表明,炭黑N550填充NR胶料的焦烧时间与正硫化时间最长,炭黑N115填充NR胶料的交联密度最大,炭黑N330填充NR胶料的综合物理机械性能最佳,含有N375的橡胶钢丝复合体的黏合性能最佳;随着N330添加量的增加,复合体硫化特性明显提升,物理机械性能与复合体黏合性能均呈现先增加后减小趋势。     

炭黑对高阻尼天然橡胶/溴化丁基橡胶并用胶性能的影响

研究不同种类炭黑对高阻尼天然橡胶/溴化丁基橡胶(NR/BIIR)并用胶性能的影响。结果表明:炭黑用量相同时,炭黑结构度越高、粒径越小,胶料物理性能越优;炭黑N774填充胶料的阻尼性能最优;对于相同硬度的高阻尼NR/BIIR并用胶,炭黑N110填充胶料的常温阻尼性能最优。     

不同结构炭黑用量对天然橡胶性能的影响

研究不同用量炭黑N330,N326和N660对天然橡胶胶料性能的影响。结果表明:随着炭黑用量增大,不同炭黑胶料的门尼粘度、F_L、F_(max)、硬度、100%和300%定伸应力均明显提高;t_(30)和t_(90)变化不明显;拉伸强度和拉断伸长率降低;在比表面积相近的情况下,结构较低的炭黑胶料物理性能受炭黑用量的影响较小;炭黑N660胶料的300%定伸应力、拉伸强度、拉断伸长率与炭黑用量的线性关系较炭黑N330和N326胶料更明显。     

用作载重子午线轮胎胎面胶的炭黑填充粉末NR结构与性能研究

以天然胶乳和炭黑N234为原料,采用凝聚共沉法制备炭黑填充型粉末NR[P(NR/CB)],研究炭黑用量和不同配方对胶料硫化特性、物理性能、交联密度、微观结构、Payne效应及动态力学性能的影响,并与采用传统机械混炼法制备的炭黑/NR(CB/NR)进行对比.结果表明,与CB/NR硫化胶相比,P(NR/CB)硫化胶具有较高的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、回弹值和抗湿滑性能以及较低的滚动阻力,耐屈挠性能和耐磨性能大致相当,而动态压缩生热和压缩永久变形则降低了近50%.     

改性油膏对天然橡胶胶料性能的影响

以改性油膏(硫化物处理的植物油)为增塑剂,并与炭黑N774和N330配合,研究其对天然橡胶(NR)胶料性能的影响。结果表明:改性油膏具有内润滑作用,可显著降低NR胶料的门尼粘度,改善加工性能;改性油膏在NR胶料混炼过程中熔融,促进橡胶分子流动,在胶料硫化后形成半结晶的玻璃态固体,与橡胶分子链发生交联,形成较稳定的复合体;改性油膏与炭黑N774等用量比(20∶20和15∶15)的NR胶料生热低,耐老化性能、动态力学性能和导热性能好。     

辉光放电电解降解水体中阳离子桃红FG的机理

用辉光放电电解（GDE）技术对模拟染料废水阳离子桃红FG的降解过程进行了研究。通过发射光谱法测定了GDE产生的活性粒子,用紫外光谱和总有机碳（TOC）分析仪研究了不同放电时间下的脱色率和去除率,用电导率仪和酸度计测定了降解过程中溶液的电导率和pH的变化,同时用离子色谱对降解中间产物进行了分析。结合各种分析结果,探讨了GDE降解阳离子桃红FG的机理。结果表明,在最佳电压600 V时,溶液中产生HO·、O·、H·等高活性粒子;放电120 min时,200 ml 20 mg/L阳离子桃红FG的脱色率和TOC去除率分别可达99.0%和72.6%;降解液pH先减小后增大,电导率存在先增大后减小的趋势;离子色谱测试表明,降解过程中产生多种有机小分子酸。羟基自由基（HO·）对阳离子桃红FG的降解起关键作用,GDE降解阳离子桃红FG的机理为：HO·作用下助色基团键断裂,产生酚类等中间产物,然后继续被降解为醌和小分子有机酸,最终矿化为Cl^-、NO₃^-、CO₂和H₂O。     

Synergistic Interactions of Cannabidiol with Chemotherapeutic Drugs in MCF7 Cells: Mode of Interaction and Proteomics Analysis of Mechanisms

Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoid, has recently emerged as a potential cytotoxic agent in addition to its ameliorative activity in chemotherapy-associated side effects. In this work, the potential interactions of CBD with docetaxel (DOC), doxorubicin (DOX), paclitaxel (PTX), vinorelbine (VIN), and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN−38) were explored in MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells using different synergy quantification models. The apoptotic profiles of MCF7 cells after the treatments were assessed via flow cytometry. The molecular mechanisms of CBD and the most promising combinations were investigated via label-free quantification proteomics. A strong synergy was observed across all synergy models at different molar ratios of CBD in combination with SN−38 and VIN. Intriguingly, synergy was observed for CBD with all chemotherapeutic drugs at a molar ratio of 636:1 in almost all synergy models. However, discording synergy trends warranted the validation of the selected combinations against different models. Enhanced apoptosis was observed for all synergistic CBD combinations compared to monotherapies or negative controls. A shotgun proteomics study highlighted 121 dysregulated proteins in CBD-treated MCF7 cells compared to the negative controls. We reported the inhibition of topoisomerase II β and α, cullin 1, V-type proton ATPase, and CDK-6 in CBD-treated MCF7 cells for the first time as additional cytotoxic mechanisms of CBD, alongside sabotaged energy production and reduced mitochondrial translation. We observed 91 significantly dysregulated proteins in MCF7 cells treated with the synergistic combination of CBD with SN−38 (CSN−38), compared to the monotherapies. Regulation of telomerase, cell cycle, topoisomerase I, EGFR1, protein metabolism, TP53 regulation of DNA repair, death receptor signalling, and RHO GTPase signalling pathways contributed to the proteome-wide synergistic molecular mechanisms of CSN−38. In conclusion, we identified significant synergistic interactions between CBD and the five important chemotherapeutic drugs and the key molecular pathways of CBD and its synergistic combination with SN−38 in MCF7 cells. Further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the implementation of CBD-based synergistic adjuvant therapies for breast cancer.     

正反向同时引发ATRP制备凹凸棒土/聚苯乙烯杂化粒子

通过脱醇法在凹凸棒土（ATP）表面接枝γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）实现氨基化（ATP-APTES）,再经酰胺化反应接枝α-溴代异丁酰溴,从而在ATP表面固载ATRP引发基团（ATP-Br）;最后以2,2-偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）和ATP-Br为双组分引发体系进行正反向同时引发原子转移自由基聚合（SR&NI ATRP）制备ATP接枝聚苯乙烯杂化粒子（ATP@PS）。结果表明AIBN结合ATP-Br引发体系进行SR&NI ATRP具有活性/可控聚合的特征,随催化剂用量增大,体系过早偏离一级动力学行为。聚合温度在80℃,投料比为单体/催化剂/AIBN/ATP-Br=200/0.3/0.05/0.5的条件下,接枝聚合物和游离聚合物分子量差异随转化率（c）增大逐渐增加,转化率为31.1%时,两者分子量分布（PDI）均保持在1.54以下,ATP-Br表面ATRP引发基团的引发效率为6.3%。杂化粒子在PS基体中分散得到明显改善。     

Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Approaches to Prevent or Delay Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the Knee Joint with a Focus on Sustained Delivery Approaches

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of knee PTOA after knee trauma. While a comprehensive therapy capable of preventing or delaying post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) progression after knee joint injury does not yet clinically exist, current literature suggests that certain aspects of early post-traumatic pathology of the knee joint may be prevented or delayed by anti-inflammatory therapeutic interventions. We discuss multifaceted therapeutic approaches that may be capable of effectively reducing the continuous cycle of inflammation and concomitant processes that lead to cartilage degradation as well as those that can simultaneously promote intrinsic repair processes. Within this context, we focus on early disease prevention, the optimal timeframe of treatment and possible long-lasting sustained delivery local modes of treatments that could prevent knee joint-associated PTOA symptoms. Specifically, we identify anti-inflammatory candidates that are not only anti-inflammatory but also anti-degenerative, anti-apoptotic and pro-regenerative.     

Interphases in the Adhesive Bonding of Fluoropolymers

Strong and durable adhesive bonds may be made between polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and either cyanoacrylate (CA) or epoxy adhesives, if the PTFE surface is modified by the use of a “primer” such as triphenylphosphine (TPP) or diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The primer mixes with the PTFE surface, and the modified surface is then capable of forming an interphase, tens to hundreds of nanometers thick, where interpenetration of the adhesive and adherend occurs. Using CA adhesives, PTFE/CA/PTFE block compression shear bond strength (ASTM D4501-85) of over 10 MPa can be achieved, with failure occurring cohesively. Initial work with epoxy adhesives indicates that the use of DDM primer gives adhesive bonds comparable in strength with those produced by modification of the fluoropolymer surface by sodium naphthalenide.     

苯酚/丙酮市场供需现状与展望

分析了世界和我国苯酚／丙酮供需现状及消费结构,对未来供需进行了预测,提出了发展我国苯酚／丙酮装置的具体建议。     

Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mechanisms Underlying MK-801- or Scopolamine-Induced Memory Dysfunction in Animals: Mechanistic Studies

MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist, and scopolamine, a cholinergic receptor blocker, are widely used as tool compounds to induce learning and memory deficits in animal models to study schizophrenia or Alzheimer-type dementia (AD), respectively. Memory impairments are observed after either acute or chronic administration of either compound. The present experiments were performed to study the nitric oxide (NO)-related mechanisms underlying memory dysfunction induced by acute or chronic (14 days) administration of MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) or scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The levels of L-arginine and its derivatives, L-citrulline, L-glutamate, L-glutamine and L-ornithine, were measured. The expression of constitutive nitric oxide synthases (cNOS), dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH1) and protein arginine N-methyltransferases (PMRTs) 1 and 5 was evaluated, and the impact of the studied tool compounds on cGMP production and NMDA receptors was measured. The studies were performed in both the cortex and hippocampus of mice. S-nitrosylation of selected proteins, such as GLT-1, APP and tau, was also investigated. Our results indicate that the availability of L-arginine decreased after chronic administration of MK-801 or scopolamine, as both the amino acid itself as well as its level in proportion to its derivatives (SDMA and NMMA) were decreased. Additionally, among all three methylamines, SDMA was the most abundant in the brain (~70%). Administration of either compound impaired eNOS-derived NO production, increasing the monomer levels, and had no significant impact on nNOS. Both compounds elevated DDAH1 expression, and slight decreases in PMRT1 and PMRT5 in the cortex after scopolamine (acute) and MK-801 (chronic) administration were observed in the PFC, respectively. Administration of MK-801 induced a decrease in the cGMP level in the hippocampus, accompanied by decreased NMDA expression, while increased cGMP production and decreased NMDA receptor expression were observed after scopolamine administration. Chronic MK-801 and scopolamine administration affected S-nitrosylation of GLT-1 transport protein. Our results indicate that the analyzed tool compounds used in pharmacological models of schizophrenia or AD induce changes in NO-related pathways in the brain structures involved in cognition. To some extent, the changes resemble those observed in human samples.     

Glutamate and GABA in Microglia-Neuron Cross-Talk in Alzheimer’s Disease

The physiological balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain is significantly affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several neuroactive compounds and their signaling pathways through various types of receptors are crucial in brain homeostasis, among them glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Activation of microglial receptors regulates the immunological response of these cells, which in AD could be neuroprotective or neurotoxic. The novel research approaches revealed the complexity of microglial function, including the interplay with other cells during neuroinflammation and in the AD brain. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of several proteins and multiple receptors on microglia and neurons, and their involvement in a communication network between cells that could lead to different metabolic loops and cell death/survival. Our review is focused on the role of glutamatergic, GABAergic signaling in microglia–neuronal cross-talk in AD and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the significance of AD-related neurotoxic proteins in glutamate/GABA-mediated dialogue between microglia and neurons was analyzed in search of novel targets in neuroprotection, and advanced pharmacological approaches.     

关于科研开发效率的思考

作者从认识论和方法论的角度出发，对提高科研开发效率提出如下看法：１．当代的经济竞争，实质是科技产业化能力的竞争。２．研究开发应是从投入到产出的完整系统。３．产业部门的研究开发要面向市场。４．只有充分利用专利保护，才能在国际竞争中赢得主动。５．要保持竞争优势，须把信息工作提到新水平。     

Dextran sulfate sodium inhibits alanine synthesis in caco-2 cells

To understand and characterize the pathogenic mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) has been used to induce acute and chronic colitis in animal models by causing intestinal epithelium damage. The mechanism of action of DSS in producing this outcome is not well understood. In an effort to understand how DSS might impact epithelial cell metabolism, we studied the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 incubated with 1% DSS over 56 hours using (1)H NMR spectroscopy. We observed no difference in cell viability as compared to control cultures, and an approximately 1.5-fold increase in IL-6 production upon incubation with 1% DSS. The effect on Caco-2 cell metabolism as measured through changes in the concentration of metabolites in the cell supernatant included a three-fold decrease in the concentration of alanine. Given that the concentrations of other amino acids in the cell culture supernatant were not different between treated and control cultures over 56 hours suggest that DSS inhibits alanine synthesis, specifically alanine aminotransferase, without affecting other key metabolic pathways. The importance of alanine aminotransferase in inflammatory bowel disease is discussed.