酵母硒对肉鸡组织硒含量及抗氧化能力的影响

试验选择108只1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡(公母混合),随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每重复12只鸡,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组A在对照组日粮基础上添加0.3mg/kg硒(亚硒酸钠),试验组B在对照组日粮基础上添加0.3mg/kg硒(酵母硒),饲养35d。通过检测试验鸡组织中硒含量和超氧化物酶活性及丙二醛含量,来研究酵母硒对肉鸡组织硒含量和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:酵母硒组鸡群的肌肉组织中硒含量显著高于对照组;与对照组相比,酵母硒和亚硒酸钠均可显著提高鸡群血液和组织中超氧化物歧化酶活性,显著降低丙二醛含量。     

酵母硒和枣粉对鸡肉成熟过程中肉品质及氧化特性的影响

研究酵母硒和枣粉对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质和抗氧化性能的变化.选取240只1日龄白羽肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只.分别为CK组(基础日粮)、J组(基础日粮+8％枣粉替换8％玉米,质量分数)、0.3S组(基础日粮+0.3 mg/kg酵母硒)和0.3S+J组(基础日粮+0.3 mg/kg酵母硒+8％枣粉替换...     

松针粉-麦饭石复合添加剂对肉鸡消化器官发育的影响

研究了松针粉-麦饭石复合添加剂对肉鸡消化器官发育的影响。取144只1日龄健康AA肉鸡,随机分为2个组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加1%松针粉和1%麦饭石粉,饲喂42 d。分别在7、14、21、28、35、42日龄随机取肉鸡12只,每个组6只,解剖取小肠测长度,取肝脏、胰腺称重并取材制作切片。结果表明,肝脏、胰腺的平均质量和相对质量均高于对照组;空肠绒毛、肠腺的长度较对照组长,差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01);胰腺中亮胰岛的体积增大,数量增多;肝组织发育较好。由此得出,松针粉-麦饭石复合添加剂能促进肉鸡消化器官的发育,增强机体的消化吸收功能。     

母猪日粮添加硒代蛋氨酸对后代乳猪生长的影响

试验选取胎次相同、妊娠后期的长×大母猪12头,按饲养试验要求分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头,分别设为对照组(亚硒酸钠组)和试验组(DL-硒代蛋氨酸组),均在基础日粮中(Se的实测值为0.04 mg/kg)添加0.3 mg Se/kg。试验分妊娠后期(32 d)和泌乳期(28 d)2阶段,共计60 d,乳猪喂乳不喂料直至断奶。结果表明:与亚硒酸钠比,DL-硒代蛋氨酸提高了后代乳猪断奶窝重(P0.05)、断奶个体重(P0.05)和平均日增重(P0.05);增加了组织硒含量(P0.05),提高了T-AOC水平、GSH-Px和SOD活力及GSH含量(P0.05),降低了MDA含量(P0.05);提高了血清T3浓度(P0.05),降低了T4、Glu浓度(P0.05)和T4/T3、Glu/Ins值(P0.01)。以上结果提示,母猪日粮添加DL-硒代蛋氨酸较亚硒酸钠能显著提高后代乳猪组织硒沉积,增强其抗氧化功能,有效调节激素分泌,而促进乳猪生长。     

外源核苷酸对肉鸡生产性能的影响

研究了天然日粮中补充外源核苷酸对肉仔鸡胃肠道等消化器官及生产性能的影响 .0～ 14日龄爱维因肉仔鸡按体重随机分成 4组 ,每组 4个重复 ,分别饲喂玉米豆饼无鱼粉基础日粮 ( 1组 ) ,基础日粮中添加 0 .0 5%核酸 ( 2组 )、0 .1%核酸 ( 3组 )以及基础日粮中含 2 %鱼粉 ( 4组 ) .结果表明 ,第 2 ,3,4组的肉仔鸡 14日龄生长速度比对照组提高 14%～ 17% ,饲料利用率提高 4 %～6% .2、3组鸡 4日龄十二指肠质量、3组鸡空肠质量、胰腺质量显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5) ;7日龄小肠粘膜的蛋白酶活性也极显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) .研究表明 ,日粮中添加外源核苷酸对提高肉仔鸡生长速度、胃肠道、胰脏质量、肠粘膜蛋白酶活性均有重要的影响 .     

钒对肉鸡消化管发育的影响

选择1日龄AA肉鸡144只,随机分为两组,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组每1kg日粮添加钒30mg,试验期42d。结果表明:试验组肌胃的平均质量和相对质量大于对照组,部分周龄的差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)腺胃的平均质量和相对质量大于对照组。试验组各肠段长度均小于对照组,部分周龄的差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)。试验组小肠绒毛、肠腺长度均大于对照组,部分周龄的差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)。每1kg日粮添加30mg的钒,对消化管发育有促进作用。     

酵母培养物与抗生素对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响

试验采用1日龄海兰褐蛋用雏鸡400只,随机分成5个组(Ⅰ~Ⅴ组),每个组设4个重复,每个重复20只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ~Ⅴ组为试验组,其中Ⅱ~Ⅳ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.1%、0.3%和0.5%的酵母培养物,Ⅴ组添加抗生素,试验期5周。结果表明,在蛋雏鸡日粮中添加0.3%的酵母培养物具有增强雏鸡生产性能和免疫机能的作用,且酵母培养物可以替代抗生素。     

类黄酮对黄羽肉种鸡生产性能的影响

选取2 880只28周龄新广K94黄羽肉种鸡,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复180只,各重复间生产性能差异不显著.对照组饲喂基础日粮组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组在基础日粮中分别添加5、10 mg/kg山楂叶总黄酮和5 mg/kg大豆异黄酮,正试期为4周.结果表明:与对照组相比,各试验组之间生产性能统计检验差异不显著(P0.05),但类黄酮对种鸡平均日采食量、平均蛋重和种蛋受精率均有提高的趋势.     

谷氨酰胺对热应激条件下肉鸡生产性能、肠道消化酶活和形态结构的保护作用

研究外源性谷氨酰胺(Gln)对热应激条件下肉鸡生长性能、小肠消化酶活和形态结构的保护作用.240只35日龄健康AA鸡(公母各半)随机分成4组,每组3个重复.Ⅰ组为对照组(舍内气温23℃),饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为热应激组(舍内气温28℃),分别饲喂基础日粮中添加0、0.5%和1.0%Gln的试验日粮,于42日龄时对肉鸡生产性能、消化酶活和小肠形态结构进行分析.研究结果表明,与对照组相比,热应激处理(Ⅱ组)降低了增重、采食量、饲料转化率,十二指肠和空肠的相对重、绒毛高度、肠腺长度和肌层厚度,空肠的绒毛宽度,回肠的绒毛高度和肠腺长度、淀粉酶和总蛋白酶活性(P＜0.01或0.05);提高了十二指肠和空肠的固有层厚度(P＜0.01或0.05).与未添加Gln的热应激组(Ⅱ组)相比,0.5%和1.0%Gln明显缓解了热应激对以上各指标的影响(P＜0.05或0.01),且并达到了与对照组(Ⅰ组)接近或不存在差异显著性(P＞0.05)的水平.说明外源性Gln能有效保护本试验热应激条件下肉鸡的生产性能、消化酶活和小肠形态结构的正常.     

富硒鸭蛋的研究与开发

选用康贝尔蛋鸭１０２６只，随机分成三组，试验组每组１３只，对照组１０００只。在试验组的饲料中添加硒和碘，对照组的饲料中不加药品，按正常饲养。试验期３０天，试验Ⅰ组添加亚硒酸钠，试验Ⅱ组添加亚硒酸钠和碘酸钾。结果是Ⅰ组饲料中亚硒酸钠添加到７ＰＰｍ时，７天后鸭的产蛋明显下降，出现轻微中毒现象，当亚硒酸钠降至３５ＰＰｍ时，７天后蛋又逐渐上升。Ⅱ组亚硒酸钠添加至７ＰＰｍ、碘酸钾添加到１００ＰＰｍ时，出现Ⅰ组同样的现象，后将亚硒酸钠降到３５ＰＰｍ、碘酸钾降到５０ＰＰｍ，鸭的症状消失，产蛋又恢复正常     

暂养过程中亚硒酸钠对斑点又尾鮰免疫应激的缓解作用

为阐明暂养过程中亚硒酸钠对斑点叉尾鮰血液指标的影响,本研究将斑点叉尾鮰随机分为4组（每组20条,鱼水比130 g:1 L）,添加亚硒酸钠（Na2SeO3）至水中初始浓度分别为0（对照组）、0.1、0.2、0.5 mg/L,禁食暂养4 d,每天取样检测鮰鱼肝脏代谢、能量代谢、免疫蛋白及氧化应激等相关血清生化指标。结果表明,暂养初期,0.1 mg/L Na2SeO3组血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）指标值显著（p<0.05）低于0.2 mg/L组和0.5 mg/L组。随着暂养天数增加,Na2SeO3组血清ALT活力和AST活力总体呈下降趋势;其中0.1 mg/L Na2SeO3组暂养2 d时,ALT和AST活力跟对照组相比均显著降低（p<0.05）,最大降幅分别达75.39%和170.13%。随暂养时间延长,0.1 mg/L Na2SeO3组MDA浓度大部分显著（p<0.05）低于0.2 mg/L组和0.5 mg/L组;血糖先显著升高（p<0.05）后显著降低（p<0.05）,与对照组趋势相反,延缓了血糖下降速率。以上结果表明,鱼水比130 g:1 L时,Na2SeO3在水中初始浓度0.1 mg/L暂养2 d左右,可缓解斑点叉尾鮰的应激反应、延缓禁食导致的血糖降低过程并提高其抗氧化能力。     

益生素对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫器官发育的影响

研究益生素对AA肉仔鸡的生长性能及免疫器官发育的影响.对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加50mg/kg金霉素,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别添加200、400mg/kg益生素.结果显示:21日龄Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日采食量较对照组分别降低1.4％和1.9％,料重比分别降低6.7％和6.7％;Ⅰ组法氏囊重和法氏囊指数分别提高35.4％和36.9％,Ⅱ组胸腺重和胸腺指数分别提高4.5％、9.5％.42日龄Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日采食量较对照组分别提高9.9％和3.7％,料重比分别降低1.4％和2.3％;对照组脾脏指数略高于Ⅰ组,显著高于Ⅱ组;Ⅰ、Ⅱ组胸腺重、胸腺指数及法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组.21日龄Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日采食量较抗生素组分别提高0.9％和0.4％,料重比分别降低3.1％和3.1％;42日龄Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日采食量分别提高5.7％和3.7％,料重比分别降低1.9％和2.8％.以添加水平200 mg/kg的效果较好.     

Efficacy of feeding hydroxy-selenomethionine on plasma and milk selenium in mid-lactation dairy cows

In this study, we aimed to determine the amount of Se transferred to milk and blood of mid- to late-lactation dairy cows when supplemental Se from hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-SeMet) was fed compared with an unsupplemented group and a group supplemented with a seleno-yeast (SY). Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows (178 ± 43 d in milk) were used in a complete randomized block design for 91 d (7-d covariate period and 84-d treatment period). Treatments were (1) basal diet with an analyzed Se background of 0.2 mg of Se per kg as-fed (control); (2) basal diet + 0.3 mg of Se/kg as-fed from SY (SY-0.3); (3) basal diet + 0.1 mg of Se/kg as-fed from OH-SeMet (OH-SeMet-0.1); and (4) basal diet + 0.3 mg of Se/kg as-fed from OH-SeMet (OH-SeMet-0.3). During the trial, plasma and milk were analyzed for total Se, and plasma was analyzed for glutathione peroxidase activity. The mean plasma and milk Se concentrations exhibited the same relationship, where OH-SeMet-0.3 resulted in the highest values (142 µg/L of plasma and 104 µg/kg of milk), followed by SY-0.3 (134 µg/L and 85 µg/kg), OH-SeMet-0.1 (122 µg/L and 67 µg/kg), and the control group had the lowest values (120 µg/L and 50 µg/kg). The increment of Se in milk induced by OH-SeMet-0.3 (+54 µg/kg) was 54% higher than that induced by SY-0.3 (+35 µg/kg). Additionally, dietary supplementation of 0.2 mg/kg Se from OH-SeMet in the total mixed ration was estimated to be similar to 0.3 mg/kg Se from SY in the total mixed ration when considering the level of Se in the milk. There was no difference in plasma glutathione peroxidase activity between groups; however, OH-SeMet-0.3 significantly decreased somatic cell count. The results confirmed that supplementation with organic Se increases milk and plasma Se concentrations. Moreover, when administered at the same level of supplementation, OH-SeMet was shown to be more efficient than SY in improving milk quality by increasing Se content and decreasing milk somatic cell count.     

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with α-Tocopheryl Acetate on the Stability of Reformed and Restructured Low Nitrite Cured Turkey Products

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium (Na) nitrite reduction on the oxidative and colour stability of reformed and restructured cured cooked turkey products manufactured from meat containing high and low levels of dietary α-tocopheryl acetate. Turkeys were randomly assigned to either a control group, fed a basal α-tocopheryl acetate diet (20mg/kg feed), or a treatment group fed a supplemented α-tocopheryl acetate diet (600mg/kg feed). Diets were fed ad libitum from day 1 until slaughter on day 147. Breast meat from control and treatment groups was used to manufacture cured reformed cooked turkey ham and cured restructured cooked turkey patties. Residual levels of 60 and 120mg Na nitrite/kg of meat were used. Turkey products were packaged in either overwrap or vacuum packaging and stored under refrigerated (4°C) illuminated display for 10 days. Results showed that dietary supplementation with α-tocopheryl significantly (p<0·05) improved the oxidative and colour stability of all low nitrite products produced when compared to non-supplemented controls.     

载锌沸石对肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化功能及其相关基因表达的影响

研究载锌沸石(Zn CP,锌含量为15.5 mg/g)对肉鸡生产性能、肝脏锌沉积、抗氧化功能及其相关基因表达的影响,探讨Zn CP作为抗生素替代品的可行性。300只1日龄AA(Arbor Acres)肉鸡随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,试验期为42 d。试验日粮:1)对照组,基础日粮(含Zn SO4,锌含量为60mg/kg);2)基础日粮+抗生素(40 mg/kg金霉素);3)基础日粮+0.1%Zn CP;4)基础日粮+0.2%Zn CP;5)基础日粮+0.4%Zn CP。结果表明,与对照组相比,不同剂量Zn CP显著提高肉鸡前期体增重(P0.05),0.1%和0.2%的Zn CP显著提高21 d肝脏T-SOD和Cu Zn-SOD的活性(P0.05),0.2%的Zn CP显著降低21 d肝脏MDA含量(P0.05),抗生素组和Zn CP组均能显著提高21 d肝脏T-AOC(P0.05);与抗生素组相比,0.1%和0.2%的Zn CP显著降低21 d肝脏MDA含量(P0.05),显著提高21 d肝脏T-SOD的活性(P0.05),0.1%的Zn CP显著提高42 d肉鸡肝脏Nrf2 mRNA的相对表达量(P0.05)。与对照组和抗生素组相比,0.2%的Zn CP显著降低42 d肉鸡肝脏MDA含量(P0.05)。结果提示,肉鸡日粮中添加Zn CP能提高生产性能,效果等同或优于抗生素;Zn CP可能通过提高Keap1/Nrf2/ARE/抗氧化酶信号通路关键基因Nrf2的表达量来提高肉鸡的抗氧化能力;本试验条件下,日粮中Zn CP以0.1%和0.2%的添加量较好。     

棉子糖对草鱼生长性能与肠道黏膜形态的影响

以基础饲料作为对照组,在基础饲料中分别添加200、400、800、1 200和2 000mg/kg棉子糖的组作为5个试验组,以研究棉子糖对草鱼生长性能与肠道黏膜形态的影响。结果显示:(1)添加棉子糖能够提高草鱼的特定生长率,降低饵料系数,其中1 200mg/kg组与其余各组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。(2)各试验组肠道皱襞高度均高于对照组,除800、2 000mg/kg组外,其他试验组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);200mg/kg组、1 200mg/kg组微绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);除2 000mg/kg组外,其他试验组微绒毛密度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。本试验条件下,饲料中棉子糖最适添加量为1 200mg/kg。     

The effect of dietary oregano essential oil on lipid oxidation in raw and cooked chicken during refrigerated storage

The antioxidative effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on susceptibility of raw and cooked breast and thigh muscle meat of chickens to lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage for 9 days was investigated. Day-old chickens (n=80) were randomly divided into four groups and fed a basal diet containing 30 mg α-tocopheryl acetate kg(-1) feed as control, or basal diet plus 200 mg α-tocopheryl acetate kg(-1) feed, or basal diet plus 50 or 100 mg oregano essential oil kg(-1) for 38 days prior to slaughter. Lipid oxidation was assessed by monitoring malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in raw and cooked meat during 0, 3, 6 and 9 days of refrigerated storage, using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay and third-order derivative spectrophotometry. Results showed that dietary oregano essential oil supplementation exerted antioxidative effects, the supplementation being most effective in retarding lipid oxidation in stored raw and cooked meat at the 100 mg oregano essential oil kg(-1) feed. However, dietary α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation at 200 mg kg(-1) feed displayed greater antioxidant activity than oregano treatments. Thigh muscle was more susceptible to oxidation compared to breast muscle in all treatments, although the former tissues contained α-tocopherol at markedly higher levels.     

高粱原花青素对生长育肥猪抗氧化、免疫以及养分消化率的影响

研究高粱原花青素(sorghum procyanidins,SPC)对生长育肥猪生长性能、养分消化率、消化酶活性、免疫力和抗氧化能力的影响。160头70日龄、平均体重为(31. 28±1. 12) kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪,按照单因素完全随机设计分为4个组,分别饲喂玉米-豆粕基础日粮,以及基础日粮中添加100、150、200 mg/kg SPC。实验期为14周,生长期和育肥期各7周。在每个实验阶段开始和结束时称重,每天记录采食量,计算各阶段平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)。在每个实验阶段的最后3 d,收集粪样测养分消化率。在每个实验阶段结束时,采血测血清抗氧化指数和免疫参数,同时,每个重复随机屠宰2头猪,取胰腺组织,测消化酶活性。结果表明,日粮添加SPC对生长育肥猪的生长性能没有显著的促进作用(P 0. 05)。在生长猪阶段,日粮添加150 mg/kg和200 mg/kg SPC显著降低了消化酶的活性,对养分消化率有降低的趋势。在育肥猪阶段,日粮添加150 mg/kg显著提高了粗蛋白的表观消化率(P 0. 05),200 mg/kg SPC显著地抑制了消化酶的活性(P 0. 05)。与对照组相比,不论是在生长期还是育肥期,添加150 mg/kg或200 mg/kg的SPC均显著地增强了猪血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性以及血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P 0. 05),降低了血清丙二醛(MDA)浓度(P 0. 05),提高了猪血清IgG、IgM和白细胞介素2(IL-2)的浓度(P 0. 05)。总之,SPC有利于提高生长育肥猪抗氧化能力,增强免疫力,但是对于生长育肥猪的生长性能及养分消化率没有显著的促进作用,相反,高浓度的SPC甚至抑制了消化酶的活性,从而影响养分的消化利用。     

Dietary Tryptophan Enhanced the Expression of Tight Junction Protein ZO‐1 in Intestine

Dietary amino acids provide various beneficial effects for our health. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of tryptophan (Trp) supplementation on barrier function. Ninety‐six healthy finishing pigs (initial body weight 51.49 ± 1.12 kg) were randomly allocated into 2 treatment groups, control group, and 0.2% Trp group. The control group was fed the basal diet, and 0.2% Trp group was fed basal diet plus 0.2% Trp. The trial period is 60 d. Compared with control group, the mRNA abundance of claudin‐3 and zonula occluden‐1 (ZO‐1) in the jejunum in 0.2% Trp group (P < 0.05) was increased. According to immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting test, the expression of ZO‐1 in jejunum in 0.2% Trp group was also significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results revealed that Trp enhanced the expression of tight junction protein ZO‐1 in the intestine of pig model. Trp may be potential and beneficial dietary functional factor for regulating the intestinal development and inhibiting intestinal aging.