以富锰渣为原料在氯化锰体系中制备电解金属锰

氯化锰溶液电解金属锰具有电流密度大、槽电压低、电耗少等特点。本文叙述了以富锰渣为原料，用盐酸浸出，从氯化锰溶液中制备电解金属锰的试验结果。     

低硒电解金属锰试验

介绍了吉首武陵电化总厂近几年来，对低硒电解锰的生产试验，通过试验表明；该产品中硒的含量符合高纯硒电解金属锰产品的质量要求，从而达到提高电解金属锰纯度的目的，确保稳步低耗地生产出低硒电解金属锰。     

低品位二氧化锰矿与低品位碳酸锰矿直接浸出生产电解金属锰的新技术工业生产获得成功

由中南大学张文山、梅光贵科研组与泸溪县兴业冶化有限公司产、学、研相结合,于2010年8月在该公司电解金属锰厂进行低品位二氧化锰矿与低品位碳酸锰矿直接浸出生产电解金属锰的新技术工业生产试验以及2万t电解金属锰生产获得成功。     

湘潭锰矿研制粉状电解金属锰获得成功

粉状电解金属锰是冶炼特殊钢及有色合金的添加剂。粉状电解金属锰因易熔性好,可实施喷射冶炼,较片状具有省电、省时的优点。湘潭锰矿近年来用片状电解金属锰采用破磨、筛选闭路循环工序研制粉状电解金属锰,1992年获得合格产品并投入批量生产。该矿研制的粉状金属锰粒度为0.35     

电解金属锰用棒式阳极的半工业化试验

采用自行研制的新型电解金属锰棒式阳极与PAC(Pb-Ag-Ca合金)复合板式阳极装槽进行半工业化对比试验。实验结果表明:新型电解金属锰棒式阳极能有效地减少MnO2的析出,并有效地克服了PAC复合阳极在三相区易于产生局部腐蚀断裂的缺点。同时,新型电解金属锰棒式阳极较PAC复合阳极具有较低的制作成本,而且提高了阴极金属锰产量。     

四川省都江堰地区电解金属锰厂全部关停

受地震影响，四川周边地区电解金属锰厂家损失惨重。在四川境内共有7家电解金属锰厂家，其中位于都江堰的富源电解金属锰厂、四川龙腾电解金属锰厂和阿坝州的岷江电解金属锰厂与松潘小河电解金属锰厂现已全部遇难停产，预计将导致电解金属锰供给的进一步紧张。     

电解金属锰的专利分析与展望

电解金属锰的相关产品或过程具有重要的基础研究和应用研究价值。检索了自1990年以来在电解金属锰领域的论文和专利,从文献计量学的角度分析了电解金属锰的研究现状和发展趋势。中国在电解金属锰领域有雄厚的研发基础,电解金属锰领域已经从基础研究走向应用研究;需要更加重视专利申请,维护潜在的经济利益;需要进一步强化含锰材料在新型电池、超级电容器以及金属合金领域的研发,争取在基础研究和应用研究上都取得突破。     

脉冲参数对电解金属锰的影响

改变占空比、频率、电流密度,探讨脉冲电流对电解金属锰电流效率的影响规律,并与直流电解金属锰进行比较。占空比为0.5、频率为100Hz、电流密度为400A/m2时脉冲电解金属锰的电流效率最高,达到82.1%。在相同电流密度条件下,脉冲电解金属锰的电耗比直流电解金属锰低38.0%。通过XRD、SEM对电解金属锰层进行表征,结果表明：脉冲电解金属锰的沉积层更加平整光滑,颗粒的形貌更加均匀、细致及紧密,成分更纯净。     

金属锰粉生产的动向与展望

本文扼要的介绍了目前国内外电解金属锰粉的生产、销售和用途等方面情况,在此基础上着重论述了电解金属锰粉生产的有关问题和解决一些问题的初步试验研究结果.     

缩短极距对电解金属锰生产中直流电耗的影响

通过对比实验,得出采用缩短极距的方法进行电解金属锰生产能够有效提升电解金属锰生产的电效及降低电解金属锰生产的直流电单耗。结果表明:在保证电解金属锰生产过程中锰板不粘袋的情况下,在原电解金属锰生产常用极距的基础上缩短6 mm,可有效降低电解金属锰生产的成本。     

带材无酸除鳞系统的开发及其在750 mm不锈钢生产线的应用

随着国家对环保要求的不断提高,作为钢材生产过程中的重要环节---酸洗已越来越与不能满足环保的 需要,寻找一种干净清洁的无酸除鳞工艺是轧钢领域一个迫切需要解决的问题。介绍了湖南有色重型机器有限责 任公司开发的一种磨料水射流除鳞技术,通过试验数据对该技术的除鳞效果进行了验证,试验结果表明采用磨料 水射流技术对钢材表面鳞皮的去除效果能达到98%以上,并对主要的参数进行了试验分析,给出了此系统最佳的 除鳞工艺参数范围。在此基础上设计了一套板带材无酸除鳞工艺,并开发、集成了实现该工艺全套的专用设备,已 应用于不锈钢板带材的实际生产,取得了良好的应用效果。     

The role of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on anion permeability into ox red blood cells

1. Organic anion permeability in ox red blood cell was measured by studying steady-state self-exchange of oxalate, chosen as a prototypical substrate of the organic anion transport system previously described; chloride self-exchange measured the inorganic anion permeability. 2. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors of the sulphonamide class inhibit both organic anion self-exchange (A-/A-) and chloride self-exchang (CL-/CL-) although carbonic anhydrase plays no role in these exchanges. These results confirm the conclusions already published that sulphonamides can act directly on the cellular membrane as specific inhibitors of anion transport. 3. There is a correlation between the chemical structure of the sulphonamides and their capacity for inhibiting transmembrane anionic exchange. It is of significance that N-sulphamyl substitution, which abolishes the carbonic anhydrase inhibitory potency, does not destroy anionic inhibitory capacity and may even increase it. 4. For each sulphonamide the capacities for inhibiting chloride transport and oxalate transport are strictly identical. Inhibition appears non-competitive. 5. The temperature sensitivity of oxalate self-exchange is exactly the same as that of chloride self-exchange. From this, and from the nature of their inhibition by sulphonamides, it is proposed that chloride and organic anions share the same transport mechanism. 6. In the light of the present results the chloruretic action of sulphonamides in various tissues, in particular the kidney, is discussed.     

锌冶炼电解废水处理与回用技术研究

作者通过对锌冶炼电解废水处理与回用技术的研究,提出了采用超滤-纳滤膜分离法处理高浓度含锌和酸锌冶炼电解废水的新工艺.电解废水经膜分离处理后,浓缩液中锌浓度可达30 g/L以上,回收后全部进锌冶炼系统,透过液中锌浓度在0.1 g/L以下,用碱调节pH 5～6后可回用于电解工序洗板,实现了废水资源化和车间废水零排放目标,具有显著的经济效益和环境效益.     

X-ray-induced secondary-electron emission from solid xenon

The time has come for the creative professional structural engineers to prepare themselves for the challenges of designing permanent structures on the moon. This paper briefly discusses creativity in structural engineering, and its applicability on lunar structures. It then describes development of the concept of a lunar structure, that is optimized under the present state of technology to meet every requirement of function, economy and safety. The concept envisions the lunar structure to be constructed of double‐skin composite fabric membrane which is filled with structural foam for pressurized or unpressurized applications. Such a structure will be extremely light and easy to transport, readily deployable, economical, and can be made in almost any size, shape and height to suit the purpose for which it is designed.     

Chicken erythroid AE1 anion exchangers associate with the cytoskeleton during recycling to the Golgi

Chicken erythroid AE1 anion exchangers receive endoglycosidase F (endo F)-sensitive sugar modifications in their initial transit through the secretory pathway. After delivery to the plasma membrane, anion exchangers are internalized and recycled to the Golgi where they acquire additional N-linked modifications that are resistant to endo F. During recycling, some of the anion exchangers become detergent insoluble. The acquisition of detergent insolubility correlates with the association of the anion exchanger with cytoskeletal ankyrin. Reagents that inhibit different steps in the endocytic pathway, including 0.4 M sucrose, ammonium chloride, and brefeldin A, block the acquisition of endo F-resistant sugars and the acquisition of detergent insolubility by newly synthesized anion exchangers. The inhibitory effects of ammonium chloride on anion exchanger processing are rapidly reversible. Furthermore, AE1 anion exchangers become detergent insoluble more rapidly than they acquire endo F-resistant modifications in cells recovering from an ammonium chloride block. This suggests that the cytoskeletal association of the recycling anion exchangers occurs after release from the compartment where they accumulate due to ammonium chloride treatment, and prior to their transit through the Golgi. The recycling pool of newly synthesized anion exchangers is reflected in the steady-state distribution of the polypeptide. In addition to plasma membrane staining, anion exchanger antibodies stain a perinuclear compartment in erythroid cells. This perinuclear AE1-containing compartment is also stained by ankyrin antibodies and partially overlaps the membrane compartment stained by NBD C6-ceramide, a Golgi marker. Detergent extraction of erythroid cells in situ has suggested that a substantial fraction of the perinuclear pool of AE1 is cytoskeletal associated. The demonstration that erythroid anion exchangers interact with elements of the cytoskeleton during recycling to the Golgi suggests the cytoskeleton may be involved in the post-Golgi trafficking of this membrane transporter.     

The eosin-5-maleimide binding site on human erythrocyte band 3: investigation of membrane sidedness and location of charged residues by triplet state quenching

The triplet probe eosin-5-maleimide (EMA) is a specific inhibitor of anion transport mediated by the erythrocyte membrane protein, band 3. It was previously shown that the eosin moiety is located close to the anion binding site when EMA is covalently bound to band 3 [Pan, R.-j., and Cherry, R. J. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 4880-4888]. In the present study the electrostatic properties and membrane sidedness of the EMA binding site of band 3 were further investigated by triplet state quenching. A series of stable nitroxyl free radicals, which are characterized by different charges, and I- were used as the quenchers. Time-resolved laser spectroscopy was employed to measure the triplet lifetime of EMA. It was found that the quenching reaction between the quenchers and band 3-bound EMA follows a linear Stern-Volmer plot. The quenching rate constants (Kq) of the quenchers are in the order of NH3+-TEMPO (Kq = 6.34 x 10(6) M-1 s-1) > TEMPO-Choline+ (Kq = 2.18 x 10(6) M-1 s-1) > TEMPO (Kq = 1.13 x 10(6) M-1 s-1) > I- (Kq = 2.46 x 10(5) M-1 s-1) > pyrroline-COO- (Kq = 2.18 x 10(4) M-1 s-1). Experiments with resealed ghosts and inside-out vesicles revealed that negatively charged quenchers can only access the EMA binding site from the extracellular side of the membrane while the positively charged quenchers acted from the cytoplasmic side. The ionic strength dependence of the quenching rate constants and the effects of pH on the quenching reaction were also studied. For both TEMPO-Choline+ and I-, the Kq values decreased as the ionic strength increased, but quenching by TEMPO was independent of the ionic strength variation over the same range. It was also found that at lower pH, the I- quenching rate constant increases but the TEMPO-choline+ quenching rate constant decreases. In both cases, the dependence of quenching on pH exhibited an apparent pKa of about 6.5, which suggests the involvement of one or more histidine residues. This notion gained further support from the finding that modification of His residues of band 3 by DEPC reduced I- quenching at pH 6. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that eosin is located in the anion transport channel such that it is accessible from both sides of the membrane. Histidine residues, which have previously been proposed to lie in the anion channel, probably are located on either side of the eosin probe where they contribute to electrostatic interactions which determine the Kq values for the charged quenchers.     

Process and Case Illustration of Construction Innovation

This paper describes the major stages and component steps leading to the realization of the technical and commercial potential of a new construction technology. It encompasses a process of innovation and invention, which is generically applicable to any construction innovation. A case illustration of a new asphalt compaction technology is also described within each stage to provide a “real life” example. Motivation for the new technology came from the fact that existing, conventional rollers can cause serious damage to the compacted asphalt mat at the time of construction. This damage is in the form of construction cracks, often termed “roller checking,” which can result in accelerated, in-service deterioration. The new technology originally termed the “Asphalt Multi Integrated Roller” (AMIR), overcomes the problems of current rollers through stiffness compatibility with the asphalt mix and a different geometry than conventional rollers. Commercial realization of the technology has been achieved through a new generation of AMIR, termed “HIPAC.” The paper also provides background on the issues of concern to pavement engineers, including limitations of current compaction methods. It explains in functional terms the unique difference provided by the new technology. As well, it describes the major hurdles that were overcome to achieve commercial realization.     

Intensification of Gold Sorption by Anion Exchange Resins

Gold extraction technology based on anion exchange resins with mixed basicity, commonly used in former soviet countries, includes a complicated and expensive process of resin regeneration and gold stripping by thiocarbamide solution. Satisfactory sorption properties of weak base anion exchange resin at pH 6–8 and low cost of metal stripping by sodium hydroxide solution have aroused considerable interest in these resins as perspective means of gold extraction from cyanide pulps on a large scale. However, the possibility of industrial use of weak base anion exchange resins is hindered by their extremely low sorption activity at pH 10.5 and the formation and release of HCN in the pulp at pH 6–8.

The development of weak-based anion exchange resins which permits efficient gold sorption at pH 10.5 has already been described in literature. A special procedure for treating cyanide pulps has been devised in ?Irgiredmet”. It allows a sigificant rise of gold distribution coefficient between anion exchange resins and liquid phase.

Studies including counter-current tests of gold sorption by anion exchange resins of mixed and weak basicity from cyanide solutions and pulps treated accordingly were carried out. It was found that the gold capacity of mixed base resins has risen by 2–3 times, and the resin flowrate and reagent consumption during its regeneration and gold stripping by thiocarbamide solution have decreased proportionally. After special treatment the gold capacity of weak base resins in solutions and pulps is 3–6 times greater than in nontreated solutions and pulps, which indicated that the sorption capacity of resins is used to the full extent. Introduction of special treatment of cyanide pulp into existing technology makes possible an efficient industrial use of commercially available weak base anion exchange resins for gold recovery.     

Topological disposition of tyrosine 486 in anion exchanger from human erythrocytes

The location with respect to the plasma membrane of tyrosine 486 in the native anion exchanger of human erythrocytes has been determined by site-directed immunochemistry. Intact erythrocytes and inside-out vesicles were [125I]radioiodinated by lactoperoxidase in the same vessel. After the erythrocytes and inside-out vesicles had been separated by differential centrifugation, the modified polypeptide of the anion exchanger was isolated from each sample and digested with the proteinase from Staphylococcus aureus strain V8 and trypsin to generate the peptide YIVGR. An immunoadsorbent that was specific for the carboxy-terminal sequence -IVGR was used to purify the peptide YIVGR, which contains tyrosine 486 of the anion exchanger, from the products of the digestion. The [125I]radioiodinated peptides isolated by the immunoadsorbent were submitted to high-pressure liquid chromatography, and their respective mobilities were compared to those of synthetic peptides that had been iodinated at tyrosine. By applying this technique, the peptide containing tyrosine 486 was unambiguously identified, and the incorporation of [125I]iodine into this residue in anion exchanger could be monitored. When inside-out vesicles and intact cells were [125I]radioiodinated in the same suspension, tyrosine 486 was modified to at least a 6-fold greater specific radioactivity in the inside-out vesicles than it was in the intact cells. This amino acid, therefore, was assigned to the cytoplasmic surface of native anion exchanger. It follows that the polypeptide of anion exchanger spans the membrane three times before it reaches the extracellular region surrounding glutamine 550.     

溅射靶材的应用及制备初探

随着电子及信息产业突飞猛进的发展，世界溅射靶材的需求越来越多，本文介绍了靶材的发展概况、分类和应用情况，以及靶材的特性要求．探讨Ni-Cr合金靶材的制备工艺，结果表明，产品能满足靶材特性要求。