固体充填开采地表沉陷数值模拟研究

应用FLAC3 D软件建立了某矿区固体充填开采的三维数值模型,结合固体充填开采等效采厚的相关概念模拟了模型的开挖以及模型在开采后的移动变形情况。使用FLAC3 D内嵌的FISH程序语言,编制了相关程序,提取出两种不同类型的地表移动观测站的沉陷数据。利用提取出的地表移动观测站沉陷数据,结合MATLAB强大的数据处理和可视化功能,对固体充填开采所产生的地表沉陷进行后处理与可视化操作。研究表明：固体充填开采可以有效控制地表沉陷,适用于村庄等建筑物下采煤的情况;运用FLAC3 D并结合MATLAB的方法可以方便、准确的进行开采沉陷的数值模拟与可视化操作。     

工业广场密集建筑物下变采(留)宽条带开采技术

为研究煤矿工业广场密集建筑物下压煤开采技术,以平煤七矿开采为例,依据实际采煤条件及条带开采理论,通过理论计算,确定变采(留)宽条带小工作面开采方案,通过概率积分法预计、数值模拟,研究了条带小工作面重复采动的地表下沉盆地的移动变形规律,得出地表移动和变形值及其对地表建(构)筑物的影响情况。结果表明,变采(留)宽条带小工作面开采后,采出率为65.5%,地表最大下沉值为429.3 mm,下沉系数为0.133,地表主要建筑物损害程度在Ι级之内,采空区中心向下山方向偏移距离d为26 m,最大下沉角为85.6°。条带小工作面开采能够在提高回采率的基础上很好地控制覆岩变形与地表沉陷,解决了保护地表建筑物与解放工业广场煤柱的矛盾,为资源枯竭煤矿工业广场煤柱回收在技术和理论上提供了参考。     

建筑物下条带式Wongawilli采煤围岩稳定性模拟研究

为研究建筑物下条带式Wongawilli采煤围岩稳定性,结合漳村煤矿采矿地质条件,提出2种条带式Wongawilli采煤布置方式。通过数值模拟,对比分析2种条带式Wongawilli采煤方式下工作面围岩的应力场、位移场和塑性区变化情况,并对回采结束后地表移动变形及其对建筑物的影响进行计算分析。结果表明,条带式Wongawilli开采双巷单翼布置、单巷双翼布置均能有效控制地表沉陷,不仅能够安全高效地回采煤炭资源,而且还能有效保护地表建筑物。     

煤矿矸石井下处理的研究

针对煤矿矸石地表堆积对人类生存环境和条件带来的威胁与危害，研究了矸石井下处理技术．该项技术运用开采沉陷理论预计地表允许沉陷范围内充填区域矸石充填压实后残余空间的最大高度，确定矸石充填巷的布置；基于数值模拟方法分析了充填巷两侧煤柱应力分布、消除充填巷开掘时的“多洞效应”问题，优化矸石充填巷掘进顺序；设计了矸石充填工艺．此项技术在邢东矿井得到成功应用，实现了矸石井下处理与建筑物下煤炭资源的开采利用．     

厚表土层薄基岩条件下村庄压煤条带开采试验

为了确定临涣煤矿厚表土层薄基岩下合理的村庄压煤条带开采方案,采用离散元数值模拟方法研究厚表土层薄基岩下条带开采地表沉陷特征.结果表明：当临涣煤矿四采区的薄基岩厚度小于条带采宽所引起的垂直应力增高区域高度时,地表沉陷将急剧增加;并得出了四采区条带采宽与垂直应力增高区域高度的线性增加关系.鉴于此优化了临涣煤矿村庄压煤条带开采方案,经过两个条带工作面的成功试采,已安全采出煤炭约11万t,地面移动变形最大值均小于建筑物Ⅰ级损坏临界值,建筑物未采取任何加固措施保护完好,留设煤柱能够保持长期稳定,取得了显著的经济效益.     

大采深条带开采宽度确定方法研究

在建筑物下开采深部压煤通常采用条带开采法控制地表移动变形量,条带开采工作面倾斜方向容易形成极不充分工作面,结合某煤矿建筑物下深部压煤条带开采试验,深入研究和探索深部条带开采采宽和留宽确定方法及其协调关系,并与下沉系数法、压力拱计算值法相比较,得出该煤矿条带开采的参数,试验结果表明,极不充分开采法确定开采宽度对于条带开采设计是十分有效的,能有效地控制地表移动和变形程度.本方法对于指导相似地质条件下开采建筑物下压滞的大量煤炭具有较大的实用价值和指导意义.     

村庄下条带开采对地表建筑的影响预测及评价

为实现在村庄建筑物不搬迁的情况下安全采煤、提高资源采出率、缓解矿井生产接替紧张的矛盾,结合矿区具体的地质采矿条件及地表村庄建筑物的现状,给出了条带开采设计方案．根据万年矿已有的地表移动观测资料,该矿区地表沉陷规律基本符合概率积分法．通过理论分析计算,确定了概率积分法的预计参数,并对地表移动和变形进行了预计,根据预计结果对村庄建筑物损害程度进行了分析和评价．研究结果表明,万年矿村庄下压煤采用条带法开采技术上可行,经济上合理．     

铁生沟煤矿村庄下压煤条带开采技术

针对河南省铁生沟煤矿具体的地质采矿条件及地表村庄建筑物的现状,通过理论计算分析,采用概率积分法进行地表移动和变形预计,对村庄建筑物下压煤条带开采技术进行了探讨,给出了条带开采设计方案及其开采参数.研究结果表明,铁生沟煤矿村庄下建筑物压煤采用条带法开采技术上可行,经济上合理,可以实现在村庄建筑物不搬迁的情况下安全采煤.该方法对提高资源采出率、缓解矿井接替紧张的矛盾具有实际意义.     

厚松散层下煤层开采地表沉陷模拟研究

以国内某大型煤矿为原型,采用FLAC3D有限差分软件对厚松散层下,内部煤矿开采过程中地表沉陷进行数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行了分析和探讨.研究表明：随着煤炭资源的采出,地表沉陷不断增大,并且相比于一般条件,厚松散层下煤炭开采所产生的地表沉陷影响范围变大.     

某金矿地下深部开采对露天采场及周边构筑物安全影响数值分析

针对某金矿露天转地下开采过程中,地下深部开采对露天采场及周边建筑物安全影响,通过数值分析模拟地下采矿对围岩的应力应变的影响,进而论证地下采矿的可行性以及露天采场及周边构筑物安全性。     

Waste-filling in fully-mechanized coal mining and its application

A fully-mechanized coal mining (FMCM) technology capable of filling up the goaf with wastes (including solid wastes)is described. Industrial tests have proved that by using this technology not only can waste be re-used but also coal resources can be exploited with a higher recovery rate without removing buildings located over the working faces. Two special devices, a hydraulic support and a scraper conveyor, run side-by-side on the same working face to simultaneously realize mining and filling. These are described in detail. The tests allow analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence when backfilling techniques are employed.These values are compared to those from mining without using backfilling techniques, under the same geological conditions. The concept of equivalent mining height is proposed based on theoretical analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence. The upper limits of the rock pressure and ground subsidence can be estimated in backfilling mining using this concept along with traditional engineering formulae.     

部分充填开采围岩活动规律分析

采用适于分析采动影响裂隙岩体活动规律的数值模拟软件UDEC，详细分析了部分充填开采时围岩应力和位移变化规律及特点，重点分析了不同充填方式与关键层断裂的关系，以及不同充填方式对部分充填开采围岩稳定性的影响。研究结果表明，充填空顶间隔大小、充填条带宽度是部分充填开采围岩稳定性的两个主要影响因素。后期开采的条带将扩大先期开采条带的影响，尤其是后期开采两充填条带之间的条带并不充填时，这种影响更大，最后对具体的充填开采方法提出了建议。     

煤矿绿色开采技术

提出了煤矿绿色开采的概念，阐述了它的内涵和技术体系，绿色开采的理论基础为：开采后岩层中的关键层运动形成的节理裂隙与离层规律以及瓦斯与地下水在破断岩层中的渗流规律。绿色开采技术的主要内容包括：保水开采、建筑物下采煤与离层注浆减沉、条带与充填开采、煤与瓦斯共采、煤巷支护与部分矸石的井下处理、煤炭地下气化等。     

短壁机械化开采方法与煤柱稳定性研究

开发适合我国现代化矿区“三下”开采及边角煤开采的短壁机械化开采成套技术具有十分重要的现实意义．根据国产短壁机械化开采设备情况，结舍“三下”开采需留设煤柱保护地表的实际，提出了3种短壁机械化开采的巷道布置方式，研究了短壁机械化开采工艺及设备配套．采用岩石破裂过程分析软件RFPA2D系统，对短壁机械化开采的煤柱稳定性进行数值计算与分析．研究结果应用于五阳煤矿村庄下采煤实践，实现了安全、高效开采，并有效控制了地表沉陷．     

Research into stope roof control of compound roof by solid backfilling mining

Based on the analysis of the failure characteristics and backfilling effect of the compound roof at 1801 backfilling workface in Taiyuan coal mine,China,we propose a method of controlling the presubsidence of a compound roof by using pre-stressed bolts to improve the backfilling ratio of the workface so as to maintain the global stability of the stope roof.In addition,PHASE simulation software was employed to analyze the influence law of pre-stressing force,length,and interval on roof subsidence at the workface.On the basis of the numerical simulation results,a model for calculating the pre-stressing force and length of the bolts,the interval between the bolts,as well as roof subsidence at the workface,was established by using SPSS regression analysis software.Moreover,the research results were applied successfully to the 1801 filling workface.According to the monitoring data of roof closure,it was found that the final subsidence value for the goaf roof was 350 mm and the filling ratio at the workface was 86%,which could fully meet the demand for safety production at the workface.The safe and effective control of the stope roof was therefore realized,which achieves the goal of safe and efficient backfilling mining under a compound roof.     

FLAC3D在张集煤矿开采沉陷预测中的应用分析

利用FLAC~(3D)数值分析软件,分析了高潜水的张集煤矿巨厚松散层下12171工作面重复开采对上部17278工作面移动变形区的走向位移、垂直应力分布和塑性破坏区的影响。分析结果表明:数值模拟结果与实测数据基本相符;多煤层重复采动地表下沉具有特殊性,下沉量相比于初次采动是逐渐增大的,随着重复采动次数的增加,下沉量逐渐趋于稳定;同时随着工作面累计推进距离的增加,地面沉陷范围逐渐增加,并形成塌陷盆地;两工作面顶板围岩以剪切破坏为主,局部发生拉伸破坏。     

A roof model and its application in solid backfilling mining

Through changing the axial load on backfilling material compaction test to reflect different overlying strata pressure on backfilling material, the stress-strain relations in the compaction process of backfilling material under the geological condition can be obtained. Based on the characteristic of overlying strata movement in backfill mining, a model of roof thin plate is established. By introducing the stress-strain relation in compaction process into the model and using RIZT method to analyze the bending deformation of roof, the bending deflection and stress distribution can be obtained. The results show that the maximum roof subsidence and maximum tensile stress occurring at the center are 255 mm and5 MPa, respectively. Tensile fracture of roof under the geological condition of Dongping Mine did not occur. The dynamic measurement results of roof in Dongping Mine verify the theoretical result from the aforementioned model, thereby suggesting the roof mechanical model is reliable. The roof thin plate model based on the compaction characteristic of backfilling material in this study is of importance to research on backfill mining theories and application of backfilling material characteristics.     

Underground void filling by cemented mill tailings

Underground mining always create voids. These voids can cause subsidence of surface. So it is always a demand to fill the void in such a manner that the effect of underground mining can be minimized. Void filling using mill tailings especially in metal mining is one of the best techniques. The tailings produced in milling process have traditionally been disposed in tailing ponds creating a waste disposal and environmental problems in terms of land degradation, air and water pollution, etc. This disposal practice is more acute in the metal milling industry where the fine grinding, required for value liberation, results in the production of very fine tailings in large percentage. This paper includes discussions on the effectiveness of different paste mixes with varying cement contents in paste backfilling operations. The results revealed that material composition and use of super plasticizer strongly influenced the strength of cemented backfill.     

淮南潘集地区地表沉降初步研究

根据淮南潘集地区地表沉降和煤矿地表移动观测资料,对抽排水引起地面沉降的机理及其对煤矿开采沉陷的影响进行了探讨,并对进一步深入研究提出了有益的建议．