多头双导程蜗杆副的加工及安装调整

随着组合机床和数控机床的发展,机床部件的传动精度越来越高,传动功率范围大,要求传动平稳无振动,正反转无冲击。因此,双导程的蜗杆蜗轮副被广泛用于铣削头、镗削头及分度、回转装置等部件中。德国FES蜗杆蜗轮传动装置中采用了大模数、多头的双导程渐厚蜗杆副。下面以德国许勒勒·惠勒公司的蜗杆传动装置为例,介绍蜗杆、蜗轮的加工及安装调整技巧。     

双导程变齿厚蜗杆加工工艺的改进

通过对双导程变齿厚蜗杆原加工工艺进行改进，在数控车床上，用插补程序，通过调节刀具的起始点位置和螺距，用3mm宽的切槽车刀完成双导程变齿厚蜗杆的加工。     

双导程ZN蜗杆修缘成形磨削研究

双导程ZN蜗杆(又称法向直廓蜗杆)修缘的精密加工需要研究一种成形磨削方法。传统的蜗杆修缘磨削方法是根据加工经验对砂轮进行手工修形,加工效率低且难以实现高精度的齿形修缘磨削。为此,以ZN蜗杆修缘齿形的成形磨削为目标,在蜗杆法平面引入齿形修缘分析,建立ZN蜗杆修缘齿形的数学模型,依据空间啮合原理计算出蜗杆磨削的成形砂轮截形,并利用数控砂轮修整装置修整砂轮。为验证蜗杆修缘的成形磨削效果,选用实际生产中的某一双导程ZN蜗杆,在自主研制的数控砂轮修整系统和工厂的蜗杆磨床上进行试验,经过对成形磨削砂轮计算、修整和蜗杆磨削,结果表明,磨削蜗杆的修缘量满足预期设计要求,蜗杆齿形精度达到6级。表明该方法可用于双导程ZN蜗杆修缘的高精度成形磨削。     

准双导程蜗杆传动工程近似误差分析

以双导程直线接触偏置蜗杆传动原理为基础,提出准双导程蜗杆传动方法并进行传动误差分析。利用标准模数齿轮滚刀滚削加工蜗轮,利用传统阿基米德蜗杆的类加工方法切削加工蜗杆。分析准双导程蜗杆传动与双导程直线接触偏置蜗杆传动比的齿形误差来源,建立误差计算公式,并提出减小和消除误差的措施。设计了传动比为70和410两种准双导程蜗杆传动副,据此进行了传动试验。通过试验,验证了准双导程蜗杆传动的正确性和有效性。     

航空用油门执行机构双导程蜗杆精确建模研究

针对航空用油门执行机构的可靠性和精度问题,为满足其发动机开口量精确控制的要求,对航空用油门执行机构传动部分进行了研究。设计了一种双导程蜗轮蜗杆副,并将其应用于某型电动油门执行机构中;分析了阿基米德双导程蜗杆的工作原理及相关参数,针对航空用双导程蜗杆加工材料和加工方法的变化,重点探讨了阿基米德双导程蜗杆的精确建模方法及过程,并进行了其在某型油门执行机构中的传动应用分析。研究结果表明:此双导程蜗杆及其精确建模方法准确可靠、精度高、间隙可调,可应用于精度要求较高的航空执行机构中,为产品的加工工艺提供了一定的理论依据。     

用普通车床车削双导程圆弧齿圆柱蜗杆

双导程圆柱蜗杆左右齿面导程不同,它的齿厚从一端到另一端是逐渐变化的,当它与齿厚相等的蜗轮啮合时,只要改变蜗杆的轴向位置就能改变与蜗轮的侧隙(图1)。双导程蜗杆的两个齿面中,至少有一个齿面的导程是车床铭牌上没有的,一般需要在铲床上加工。在投有铲床的情况下,可以对普通车床进行简单的改造,     

车床铭牌以外螺纹的加工

随着科技的发展,螺纹传动应用越来越广泛,在众多的机械传动中,多头蜗杆、多线螺杆、多头螺旋花键、变导程蜗杆、双导程变齿厚蜗杆、斜齿轮啮合的蜗杆等用的螺距、导程在车床铭牌上不容易查到,这些非标准螺纹的加工,给生产带来很大的困难。现     

双导程蜗杆的加工

随着我公司数控产品的升级,对数控车削中心产品的主轴回转精度的要求也越来越高。该回转机构我公司采用的是双导程蜗杆蜗轮传动副。此种蜗杆的加工精度一般要求较高,以下是我们加工此类零件的一点小经验,以资阅者参考。     

双导程蜗杆的设计

双导程蜗杆蜗轮传动副,可以借助调节蜗杆的轴向位置消除齿侧隙,提高正反转的运动精度;通过轴向调节还可补偿工作磨损所造成的传动误差,加上这种传动结构简单、装配维修方便、加工蜗杆蜗轮的刀具略有超差亦不影响其使用等优点,可在齿轮加工机床和数控机床中广泛采用。     

双导程蜗轮直线飞刀宽度的计算

在带有切向进给刀架的滚齿机上用飞刀展成双导程蜗轮时,必须按双导程蜗杆的左、右齿面设计一把薄刀头且按左、右导程分别加工蜗轮的左、右齿面,因此有必要计算双导程蜗轮飞刀的宽度。因双导程蜗轮左、右齿面的模数互不相等,蜗轮分度圆上左、右齿面的螺旋角也不相等,致使齿槽一端变宽而另一端变窄,如图1所示。若仍用标准宽度     

Solving the pitch fluctuation problem during the manufacturing process of conical thread surfaces with lathe center displacement

During the classical manufacturing process of conical thread surfaces with lathe center displacement, the worm shaft is driven with the help of the driving pin through the lathe fork. As a result of the shifting of the worm shaft by half cone angle, the path curve of the driving pin will be an ellipse path instead of a circle on the perpendicular plane to axis. The peripheral speed of the spindle is constant, but due to the ellipse path, the radius is constantly changing as a function of time. That is why the angular velocity and the angular rotation are also changing, and these cause pitch fluctuation during the manufacturing process of conical worms. During the manufacturing process, we have examined pitch errors which are caused by angular velocity fluctuation and we have also determined the geometrical shaping of the driving pin by which errors of the pitch can be eliminated.     

带螺旋角双导程蜗轮滚刀齿距测量误差分析

双导程蜗轮滚刀在制造时,其左右侧导程应分别等于原工作蜗杆的左右导程,左右侧切削刃螺纹升角应分别等于原蜗杆的左右侧螺纹升角.由于刀具刃口方向螺旋角与刀具左右侧切削刃实际螺纹升角之间有一定的差别,此时刀具的前刀面与切削刃螺旋平面不垂直,从而引起刀具齿距测量误差.本文在制造带螺旋角双导程蜗轮滚刀时,通过刀具测量对螺旋角与实际...     

数控车床上蜗杆的加工技巧

介绍了一种在数控车床上加工大螺距蜗杆的切削技巧以及相应的数控程序。     

应用宏程序在数控车床上高速车削多头蜗杆

介绍了多头蜗杆的加工方法。对在数控车床上加工蜗杆,如何选用蜗杆车刀和编制蜗杆加工宏程序进行了阐述,并给出了应用实例。实践证明,应用宏程序在数控车床上高速车削多头蜗杆值得推广。     

宏程序拓展螺纹加工的研究

在数控车床上加工大螺距螺纹或者蜗杆时会因为切削力过大,而导致震动,甚至扎刀的现象。在实际加工时,由于螺纹的切削环境属切削伴随挤压的状态,从而实际的切削受力状况也并非理想的单刃切削受力,会出现振动及扎刀现象。利用数控系统自带的B类用户宏程序功能,可针对螺纹切削工艺路线的缺点,采用左右进刀法工艺路线切削螺纹,改善了切削过程中刀具的受力状况。     

基于加工精度的齿轮几何参数的选择

应用网格图法分析研究采用蜗杆砂轮磨齿机加工高精度渐开线圆柱齿轮齿廓时,节点附近出现凹下的齿形误差 现象,得到了避免由于与刀具啮合齿数的变化所引起的齿形误差的齿轮变位系数选择方法,并通过实验进行验证。     

普通螺纹数控车加工技巧

介绍了普通螺纹的尺寸分析及经验值的选取和普通螺纹的装刀与对刀方法,着重对螺纹数控编程的2种加工技巧进行了阐述,最后给出了应用编程实例。     

An analysis of the wear features of worm gear tooth flanks

Worm reducers with a double enveloping toroidal surface are a new type of reducer with higher wear resistance and longer service life. A series of contact fatigue tests of worm pairs has been carried out on a microcomputer-controlled test stand of closed power flow type, using an incremental method of increasing the load. During the test, the worm tooth flank completed 2.2 × 10⁷ cycles, and the worm gear tooth flank 1.1 × 10⁶ cycles. Meanwhile, the state of the flank was duplicated by means of a chemical film. This paper discusses the whole process of the occurrence and development of surface cracks as well as the formation of fatigue peeling. It should provide a reliable basis for definition of the law of fatigue damage of the worm gear tooth flank.     

数控车削多头螺纹（或蜗杆）的精度控制方法

应用数控车床加工多头螺纹（或蜗杆）是目前生产中常用的方法,对于精度要求较高的多头螺纹（或蜗杆）加工,要经过粗车和精车两个工艺过程,并且要在粗车和精车两个工艺过程之间加上测量环节,根据测量值进行数控车床的磨耗调整后再进行精加工,就能达到很高的加工精度。     

Investigation of cutting characteristics for worm machining on automatic lathe — Comparison of planetary milling and side milling

A worm and worm wheel gearing is widely used in a geared motor unit for the convenience and safety of an automobile. For mass production of a high quality worm, the current rolling process is substituted with the milling process. The milling process offers comparatively accurate machining quality and high production capacity for worm manufacturing. Moreover, since the milling process enables the integration of all operations of worm manufacturing on a CNC lathe, production efficiency can be remarkably improved. However, there are several important factors to be considered for producing high quality worms such as cutting force, tool-workpiece interference, and others. Planetary milling and side milling are generally applied to machine worms. In this study, the cutting characteristics of worm machining on an automatic lathe are investigated for two types of milling processes and those processes are compared with each other. A tool-tip trajectory model based on tool-workpiece interaction is proposed, and then tool-workpiece interference and cutting force are simulated with the model. The simulation results are verified through numerous experiments. The experimental results show the cutting characteristics of each milling process and the efficiency for mass production of a high quality worm. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Dae-Eun Kim