渐开线变齿厚直齿轮传动误差研究

基于齿轮啮合原理和变齿厚齿轮加工原理,建立平行轴渐开线变齿厚齿轮传动节圆锥模型和三维模型,并通过数字滚检试验及ADAMS仿真验证模型的正确性。为研究平行轴渐开线变齿厚直齿轮传动误差,建立齿轮动力学分析模型并引入动态传递误差,分析不同负载、转速、轴线安装误差对齿轮传动误差的影响。结果表明：随着负载增大,传动误差也随之增大,但逐渐趋于平稳;随着转速增大,传动误差近似线性增长,变化明显;轴线安装误差对传动误差影响较小,传动误差随轴线安装误差的增大整体呈“M”形变化,且都做周期性波动。     

TI 蜗杆与渐开线斜齿轮传动的接触分析

本文对ＴＩ蜗杆与渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮正交传动的齿面接触进行了理论分析，剖析了内、外啮合两种传动情况，验证了外啮合传动的可行性，表明在齿轮齿面上实际接触线偏向一侧并集中于中截面附近，使得这种传动对误差的敏感性减小，易于制造、安装，对重型机械设备是一种很有前途的传动形式。     

基于齿轮微观修形的行星减速器减振降噪研究

为改善某工厂的全自动攻丝机用行星齿轮减速器的振动噪声问题,并提升攻丝机的攻丝精度和使用寿命,对全自动攻丝机用减速器进行传动接触斑点试验,并利用Romax软件对减速器进行仿真,试验与仿真分析结果显示啮合齿轮副存在明显偏载问题。针对上述分析,提出基于遗传算法的齿向修形、渐开线修形及齿廓修形等复合齿轮微观修形优化方案;对修形优化后减速器重新建模仿真,并搭建行星齿轮减速器振动、噪声检测试验台,对修形前后减速器样机进行试验测试。结果表明：修形后减速器啮合时的偏载问题得到明显改善,齿面峰值载荷降低11.75%,最大接触应力降低29.62%,传动误差降低35.71%,减速器整体的振动噪声显著降低。     

高接触比螺旋锥齿面修形方法及动态特性研究

为抑制高接触比螺旋锥齿轮传动的振动,提出一种新的高阶齿面修形方法。根据高接触比螺旋锥齿轮的啮合特点,提出一种新的修形曲线,采用辅助齿面修形方法生成高阶修形螺旋锥齿轮。在考虑齿变形的情况下,计算了高阶修正弧齿锥齿轮传动的载荷传递误差和啮合冲击,在此基础上建立了降低高接触比螺旋锥齿轮传动的载荷传递误差和啮合冲击的优化模型。仿真结果表明：与二阶修形弧齿锥齿轮相比,高阶齿面修形方法不仅可以有效降低高接触比螺旋锥齿的载荷传递误差、啮合冲击和动态负载系数,而且可以提高其在全速范围内的动态性能。     

盾构机主轴承内啮合齿轮修形优化设计

齿轮修形是降低轮齿啮入、啮出时冲击,降低齿轮副齿面应力峰值,缓解应力沿齿宽分布不均现象,使得传动平稳性提高的重要手段。结合盾构机实际工作载荷,基于KISSsoft对盾构机主轴承齿轮进行齿廓、齿向修形优化研究,针对单因素齿廓修形、单因素齿向修形、综合修形方案进行横向对比,通过对齿轮进行接触性能分析,对比修形前、后的传动误差幅值、赫兹接触应力在齿宽方向分布情况以及最大齿根弯曲应力。通过Ansys Workbench软件对未修形和确定的最优修形方案进行有限元仿真,验证其振动加速度和动态啮合应力优化程度。结果证明,采用适当的修形方案可以减小齿轮传动误差幅值,避免了轮齿啮入时出现载荷突变的情况,并且优化了齿面偏载的情况,进而使得齿轮啮合传动性能得到了提高,传动更加稳定。     

存在装配误差时TI蜗杆传动接触分析

利用三维图形和数值分析相结合的方法,研究了存在装配误差时TI蜗杆传动齿面接触的求解问题.借助蜗杆蜗轮齿面接触的三维直观效果,采用数值逼近的方法确定了TI蜗杆传动齿面接触位置,在此基础上分析了装配误差对TI蜗杆传动啮合接触性能的影响.     

航空渐开线花键微动磨损的仿真模拟研究

目的 针对航空渐开线花键微动磨损严重的工程问题,研究多种因素对花键副受力与微动磨损的影响及键齿间的差异。方法 建立以微动磨损机理为基础的渐开线花键副微动模型,通过对比工程检测数据验证了花键副微动模型的合理性,并采用不同的加载方式研究分析各载荷对直升机减速器花键副的影响,并对比分析微动幅值、动载系数以及不对中量对花键传动应力分布与微动磨损的影响。结果 转速载荷的效应均方值远大于转矩载荷的效应均方值。微动幅值为20～80μm,动载系数为1.0～1.5,轴向不对中量为-0.05～0.05 mm,键齿接触应力与磨损量随各因素的增大而增加。键齿啮合区近齿根处的接触压力与微动磨损量均最大。不同向的轴向不对中对齿间差异的影响不同,键齿6～9与键齿15～18受轴向不对中的影响最明显。结论 花键传动中,相较于传动扭矩,传动转速对应力的影响更显著。键齿啮合区近齿根处应力集中较为明显,微动磨损严重。随微动幅值、动载系数与不对中量的增加,微动磨损显著增大,花键副的对中特性能够减小不对中量的影响。键齿的不同啮合区域与键齿间均存在受力与磨损程度上的差异。     

扩大沿齿长方向的接触率以提高低速重载齿轮寿命

对一付按给定的条件设计制造的齿轮,在实际工作啮合中,各种制造误差、装配误差以及轴和箱体等的变形都要综合地反映到相啮合轮齿的接触上,这就使得实际接触状态与设计计算所设定的条件有所不同。这是造成设计寿命与使用寿命不一致的一个重要原因。对一个轮齿来说,其载荷分布可分为沿齿高方向和齿长方向来考虑。对低速重载齿轮,沿齿长方向的载荷分布它将成倍的增加齿的接触压应力。两相啮合的轮齿,如果沿齿长方向的接触线达不到理论的长度,则势必在接触线一端紧贴而     

基于ROMAX的斜齿轮齿面修形优化设计

针对建筑用施工升降机减速器输出轴齿轮出现齿面偏载而导致振动噪声过大的现象,以某建筑用施工升降机为研究对象,考虑综合因素对输出轴斜齿轮副偏载现象的影响,通过理论计算确定修形量范围,然后基于ROAMX用全因子法以齿向修形量、螺旋线修形量及齿顶修缘量为设计变量,以齿面接触载荷分布系数和齿根弯曲载荷分布系数为优化目标进行参数优化设计,经计算得到最佳修形量组合结果。对修形后的齿轮进行动力学仿真分析,结果表明：经过修形的齿轮齿面接触载荷和齿根弯曲载荷分布更均匀,齿面最大单位长度载荷降低了58.2%。对修形后的齿轮动力学性能进行评估,结果表明：修形后的齿轮传动误差激励减小了75.5%,箱体表面的加速度响应最大降低了47.8%。     

基于齿轮传动系统动态特性的剃齿修形研究

通过对齿轮传动动态性能进行仿真研究,以齿轮传动为例,在测得轮齿端面和齿顶的有关数据的基础上,通过B样条曲线对齿轮的齿面进行正弦修形,并利用有限元法对其接触强度进行了分析,得到齿面接触应力的分布规律,通过比较修形齿轮和标准渐开线齿轮实测的振动加速度和噪声,证明了本优化修形设计方法对提高齿轮传动动态性能的效果显著.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.