聚氨酯瓦斯封孔材料的制备及性能

采用阻燃剂三氯乙基磷酸酯（TCEP）制备了阻燃聚氨酯封孔材料,研究了阻燃剂TCEP添加量对聚氨酯封孔材料阻燃性能、膨胀倍数和压缩强度的影响,分析了阻燃聚氨酯材料的微观形貌和红外光谱图谱。结果表明,TCEP添加量为20 %时,聚氨酯的极限氧指数由20.0 %提高到23.4 %,膨胀倍数随着TCEP的加入先降低后升高;阻燃剂不会改变聚氨酯的主体结构,但是影响泡沫性能和形貌。     

氧化石墨烯/聚氨酯复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用溶液共混浇注成膜法制备氧化石墨烯/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料,并对其结构和性能进行研究。结果表明:氧化石墨烯在TPU基体材料中分散较好;随着氧化石墨烯用量(0～5份)的增大,氧化石墨烯/TPU复合材料的拉伸强度增大,拉断伸长率未明显下降;当相同用量(均为1份)的氧化石墨烯、碳纳米管、石墨和炭黑分别填充TPU时,氧化石墨烯/TPU复合材料物理性能提高幅度最大,补强性能最好。     

竹纤维/聚氨酯复合注浆材料的制备及性能研究

本文首先利用马来酸酐对竹纤维进行改性,然后通过原位聚合法制备了不同竹纤维添加量的聚氨酯注浆材料,研究了竹纤维添加量对聚氨酯注浆材料黏度、发泡率和抗压强度等性能的影响。结果表明,随着竹纤维添加量的增加,聚氨酯注浆材料的黏度逐渐升高,而其发泡率和抗压强度都是先升高然后降低。当竹纤维的添加量为3%时,复合材料的黏度为2.30 Pa·s,发泡率和抗压强度达到最大值,分别为21.5倍和2.09 MPa。综合可知,改性竹纤维的添加量为3%时,注浆材料的各项性能最佳。     

聚氨酯/石墨烯复合材料研究进展

以改性石墨烯作为聚氨酯的填料对其进行功能化研究为主线,举例简要说明了石墨烯填充聚氨酯树脂材料的制备方法和性能研究的类别.从聚氨酯/石墨烯复合材料的力学性能、热性能、电性能、阻燃性、抗菌性和耐腐蚀性等方面,分别概述了近年来石墨烯改性聚氨酯在高性能和功能性方面的进展情况,并对聚氨酯/石墨烯复合材料未来的发展趋势进行了展望.     

水发泡对煤矿加固用聚氨酯注浆材料安全性的影响

制备了纯样煤矿加固用聚氨酯注浆材料(PU)和加入1%水发泡聚氨酯注浆材料(PU-W),研究了水发泡对聚氨酯加固材料的最高反应温度、形貌结构、压缩强度、热稳定性和阻燃性等安全性的影响。结果表明,PU和PU-W的最高反应温度都随着A、B料用量的增加而逐步增大,尤其是水发泡聚氨酯PU-W的最高反应温度和温度保持时间较纯PU有明显增加。PU的形貌呈现球状或椭球状形态,PU-W的泡孔结构主要呈现为五边形构成的球体的结构,材料的泡孔尺寸随密度的降低而增大,表现为压缩强度随密度的降低而减小。热重分析结果表明,水发泡对聚氨酯注浆材料的热稳定性影响较大,在280℃之前,PU的热稳定性优于PU-W。酒精喷灯和酒精灯燃烧试验表明,纯PU的阻燃性能较好,水发泡聚氨酯PU-W的阻燃性能降低,不能满足行业标准的要求。     

离子液体改性石墨烯/聚氨酯弹性体复合材料的制备及形状记忆性能

采用1-丁基-3甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体对石墨烯表面进行功能化修饰,用溶液共混法将离子液体改性石墨烯(IG)填入热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)制备IG/TPU复合材料,并考察了IG用量对IG/TPU复合材料形状记忆性能的影响.结果表明,纯TPU没有表现出光响应形状记忆性能,在激光照射下几乎没有回复.而IG的加入能显著提...     

聚氨酯注浆堵水加固材料的制备

采用正交实验法,研究了聚醚多元醇配比、异氰酸酯指数和催化剂用量等对聚氨酯注浆材料冲击、压缩、拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,三种混合聚醚多元醇的配比为5∶2∶4,异氰酸酯指数为1.15,催化剂的用量为0.1%时制得的聚氨酯注浆材料性能最好,其冲击强度为4.4 kJ/m2,压缩强度为4.6 MPa,拉伸强度为2.810 MPa。此时硬质聚氨酯泡体为闭孔结构,其冲击断口形貌呈脆性断裂特征。     

矿业工程用聚氨酯注浆材料的研究进展

综述了聚氨酯化学注浆材料的堵水加固机理。从固结体增强改性、粘结性能、阻燃性能及抗老化性能四方面阐述了聚氨酯注浆材料的改性机理。总结了矿业工程用聚氨酯注浆材料的发展趋势:①进一步提高凝胶固结体的性能;②研发低毒性、高效能助剂;③对废旧聚氨酯材料的再利用,合成环保型低成本的原料。     

石墨烯改性聚氨酯软泡复合材料的制备及其抑烟性能研究

以聚醚多元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯、石墨烯纳米片和其他助剂为原料,采用一步法自由发泡工艺制备了石墨烯改性聚氨酯软泡复合材料。采用氧指数仪、烟密度仪和烟气成分分析仪研究了复合材料的氧指数、烟密度以及一氧化碳(CO)的生成量,通过热重分析研究了复合材料的热稳定性,利用扫描电子显微镜分析了纯聚氨酯软泡与聚氨酯软泡复合材料燃烧后残炭的微观结构,最后探讨了石墨烯在聚氨酯软泡燃烧过程中的抑烟机理。结果表明:与纯聚氨酯泡沫相比,添加了10%石墨烯的聚氨酯软泡复合材料的氧指数由18.8%提高至19.2%,烟密度和CO产生量明显降低,残炭的微观结构更加致密;此外,石墨烯能够大幅度提高聚氨酯软泡的起始热分解温度。     

聚甲醛/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体共混增韧的研究

本文选用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体 (TPU) ,用Brabender熔融挤出共混的方法对聚甲醛(POM)的改性增韧进行了研究。对POM/TPU共混体系的力学性能、流变性能、动态力学性能和形态结构进行了测试及分析。结果表明 :随着TPU用量的增加 ,共混体系的冲击强度出现峰值 ,而同时又保持了其它性能的适当水平。     

油溶性单组分聚氨酯灌浆材料的研制

以聚醚多元醇、蓖麻油、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)和助剂等为原料,制得了单组分油溶性聚氨酯(PU)灌浆材料。研究了PU预聚体的配方、反应条件、蓖麻油及增塑剂的用量对该灌浆材料性能的影响。研究结果表明,当蓖麻油用量为混合醇质量的70%时,该灌浆材料所形成的固结物压缩强度较高(为32.5MPa),适用于加固地表和防水兼备的工程。     

Study on structure and performance of reactive silicate reinforced polyurethane composite

Polyurethane (PU)/silicate composite for grouting is prepared using toluene 2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI), polyoxypropylene glycol (PPG), and sodium silicate. The reaction temperature change, mechanical properties, flame resistance, thermal performance, chemical structure, and section morphology of PU/silicate composite are investigated by thermometer, mechanical test, LOI and vertical combustion tester, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), FTIR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of sodium silicate reduced the maximum reaction temperature and improved the mechanical properties and flame resistance of PU composite dramatically. The best comprehensive performance can be achieved when the silicate fraction is 25 wt%, tensile strength is 19.3 MPa, bonding strength is 4.1 MPa, compression strength is 47.2 MPa, the value of LOI is 34.1% and reaches UL 94 V‐0 rating. Porous structures with microspheres and spherical crevices are observed in the section of PU/silicate composite, which contributes to the low reaction temperature and higher mechanical performance, the reaction equations and possible formation mechanism of the special microspheres reinforced structure are put forward finally. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2322–2327, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

配方组成对聚氨酯注浆材料抗压强度影响的研究

为探究原材料对聚氨酯注浆料（PGMs）抗压强度的影响,以聚酯多元醇（聚醚多元醇）和异氰酸酯（PM200）为主要原料,表面活性剂、催化剂、交联剂和发泡剂为助剂,制备了不含溶剂的环保型PGMs,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等对PGMs的官能团、泡孔结构、抗压强度等进行了表征和测试。结果表明,加入10%（质量分数,下同）掺量的聚酯多元醇可以增加体系中苯环的含量,使PGMs的抗压强度提升到1.09 MPa。原材料以多元醇质量为基础单位进行计算,确定PGMs的最佳配比为聚醚多元醇90份、聚酯多元醇10份、三乙烯二胺（Dabco33lv）0.6份、二月桂酸二丁基锡（SDJ 9902）0.6份、表面活性剂2.0份、三乙醇胺（TEOA）4.0份、水2.5份、发泡剂一氟二氯乙烷（HCFC-141b）9份。     

Foaming behavior of polyamide 1212 elastomers/polyurethane composites with improved melt strength and interfacial compatibility via chain extension

Long carbon chain thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE) with PA1212 as hard segment and polytetrahydrofuran as soft segment was synthesized successfully. Subsequently, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) incorporated to compensate for the high cost of TPAE and improved the foaming performance, in which a chain extender (ADR) was applied to enhance melt strength and interfacial compatibility simultaneously. The effect of ADR content on the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and foaming properties of TPAE/TPU composites were investigated in detail. It was found that the composite foams showed a more perfect cell structure, high cell density, and increased expansion ratio because of the enhanced melt strength and interfacial compatibility, when ADR was incorporated. With the increase of ADR content, the cell size and expansion ratio of the composite foams with TPU content of 30% showed a trend of first increasing and the following decreasing. The cell size reached a maximum value when the content of ADR was 2%, which was 25.81 μm. Consequently, the obtained TPAE/TPU composite foams showed an outstanding compressive modulus and resilient performance to broaden its application in footwear industry.     

废旧聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的降解回收及再利用

采用双组分醇解剂乙二醇（EG）和丙二醇（PG）对废旧聚氨酯（PU）硬质泡沫塑料进行降解,获得了降解产物低聚物多元醇,并将其与木质素为原料制备出再生聚氨酯（r?PU）硬质泡沫塑料复合材料。利用导热系数测定仪、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等对废旧PU的降解效果和r?PU硬质泡沫复合材料的压缩强度、吸水率、导热系数、微观形貌及热稳定性等进行了分析和表征。结果表明,双组分醇解剂EG和PG质量比（m_EG：m_PG）为2：3时,废旧PU的降解效果最佳;当木质素添加量为6 %（质量分数,下同）时制备r?PU硬质泡沫复合材料的泡沫孔壁较厚且比较均匀,骨架几何构型完整,其压缩强度为185.3 kPa、导热系数为0.021 5 W/（m·K）,均能够达到国家标准要求。     

Effect of auxiliary blowing agents on properties of rigid polyurethane foams based on liquefied products from peanut shell

The bio‐based rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were successfully prepared based on liquefied products from peanut shell with water as the blowing agent. The influence of reaction parameters on properties of rigid PU foams was investigated. Rigid PU foams showed excellent compressive strength and low shrinkage ratio, whereas their open‐cell ratio and water absorption were higher. Therefore, rigid PU foams were synthesized with petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and acetone as auxiliary blowing agents and their inner temperature, shrinkage performance, density, compressive strength, water absorption, and open‐cell ratio were determined. The results indicated that above rigid PU foams showed lower compressive strength than the original foam but their water absorption and close‐cell ratio were improved. Compared with the original foam, the highest inner temperature of rigid PU foams with petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and acetone as auxiliary blowing agents was reduced by 11, 19, and 23 °C, respectively. Typically, foams with petroleum ether as auxiliary blowing agent displayed better water absorption and swelling ratio in water and exhibited obvious improvement in close‐cell ratio. These foams were preferable for application in thermal insulation materials because of low thermal conductivity and better corrosion resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45582.     

废聚氨酯改性聚氯乙烯的性能研究

对废聚氨酯（PU）改性聚氯乙烯（PVC）的性能进行了研究,探讨了废PU、热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）、轻质碳酸钙（CaCO3）和羟基磷酸钙[Ca5（PO4）3OH]对PVC力学性能和耐溶剂性能的影响.实验结果表明,废PU使软质PVC的强度下降,伸长率提高,TPU可以提高软质PVC的强度和伸长率;废PU在PVC中起到大分子增塑剂的作用,用废PU取代增塑剂DOP不但可以大幅度提高PVC的强度,同时还提高了冲击强度和断裂伸长率;轻质CaCO3使废PU/PVC复合材料的撕裂强度下降,Ca5（PO4）3OH却可以使材料的撕裂强度提高.     

Exceptionally flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam composites: synergistic effect of the silicone resin/graphene oxide coating

A facile strategy was developed to fabricate flexible polyurethane (PU) foam composites with exceptional flame retardancy. The approach involves the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into a silicone resin (SiR) solution, which is then deposited onto a PU foam surface via the dip-coating technique and cured. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that the SiR and GO were successfully coated onto the PU skeleton and the intrinsic porous structure of the PU foam remained intact. The effects of SiR and GO on the mechanical and thermal stability and flame retardancy of PU composites were evaluated through compression tests, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical combustion tests, and the limiting oxygen index. The measurement results revealed that the composites (PU@SiR-GO) showed superior flame retardancy and thermal and mechanical stability compared to pristine PU or PU coated with SiR alone. The mechanical and thermal stability and the flame-retardant properties of the PU composites were enhanced significantly with increasing GO content. Based on the composition, microstructure, and surface morphology of PU@SiR-GO composites before and after combustion tests, a possible flame-retardance mechanism is proposed. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for fabricating flame-retardant composites with improved mechanical performance.