西双版纳白蚊的种类和特征

白蚁是生物学上典型的热带生物，特别是各种形态离奇的白蚁冢（土垅），成为西双版纳热带地理景观上的特点，古老的白蚁种属组成最为丰富，到目前为止，西双版纳已发现白蚁６１种，隶属３科２５属。     

广西等翅目昆虫的水分分布与垂直分布

本文对我区已明确分布地点的108种等翅目昆虫的水平分布和垂直分布进行了分析。结果表明：白蚁在北热带，南亚热带和中亚热带三个地带间的种类组成存在着明显差异，尤其是北热带与中亚热带差异显著，垂直分布按分布的高度范围及生态习性，将我区白蚁划分为热带型单带种，亚热带低山丘陵型单带种，亚热带中山山地型单带和多带种等四个主要类型。     

广西等翅目昆虫的水平分布与垂直分布

本文对我区已明确分布地点的108种等翅目昆虫的水平分布和垂直分布进行了分析。结果表明：白蚁在北热带、南亚热带和中亚热带三个地带间的种类组成存在着明显差异，尤其是北热带与中亚热带差异显著。垂直分布按分布的高度范围及生态习性，将我区白蚁划分为热带型单带种、亚热带低山丘陵型单带种、亚热带中山山地型单带种和多带种等四个主要类型。     

白蚁是爱美爱洁、有严密组织的独特昆虫

白蚁是至今在地球上最古老的社会性昆虫。它虽然形态较原始，变态简单，但在长期进化道路上却养成了极其独特的习性，才使得这一古老类群得以生存、繁衍、发展、进化。如今它几乎占领了热带、亚热带的各个角落。据调查，现在世界陆地面积的1／2有其踪迹，中国陆地的40％国土有白蚁的分布。     

国内外白蚁综合治理技术研究现状

白蚁是一类危害面广、破坏性极大的世界性害虫，遍布全世界，特别是热带、亚热带地区危害尤其严重。白蚁危害的防治包括预防和灭治两个方面，预防的目的是阻止白蚁的入侵，灭治的目的是消灭已侵入的白蚁。长期以来，预防和灭治作为白蚁防治的两个方面相对比较独立，作为两种不同的技术手段在房屋建筑蚁害保护中分开使用。但近年来，预防和灭治在很多白蚁防治策略中被共同进行研究，并以灭治的技术手段来应用于预防，防治策略的改变已开始极大地促进白蚁防治技术的发展。     

西双版纳热带植物园VI设计的应用与研究

借鉴企业视觉识别(VI)设计理念、内容、原则对西双版纳热带植物园进行视觉形象识别规划设计,有助于树立西双版纳热带植物园的国际形象,提升西双版纳热带植物园的品牌形象,扩大西双版纳热带植物园的知名度,促进西双版纳旅游业的发展,提高市场竞争力.从视觉识别有关的学科知识对热带植物因进行了系统研究,对于植物园的规划具有参考价值.     

南部非洲白蚁对农作物、森林、牧场和建筑的危害及其治理

白蚁是热带和亚热带生态系统中重要的组成部分。绝大多数白蚁种类对人类并无危害。在南部非洲有记载的50属白蚁中，只有18属白蚁有危害性。白蚁在其生长的各个时期危害大量的农作物，有人报道农作物减产达3-100％，在许多小农场中经常是由于白蚁危害造成的。培茵型的大白蚁亚科(白蚁科)是危害农作物及导致森林90％树木死亡的主要白蚁类群。最常见的白蚁类属有：大白蚁属，土白蚁属，Pseudacanthoternnes,Synacanthotermes，小白蚁属，Ancistrotermes，Allodontermes及锯白蚁属(白蚁科)。在南部非洲常见的一种收获蚁-Trineruitermes trineruoides(白蚁科象白蚁亚科)在过度放牧的牧场上发现比较少。可是在干旱半干旱地区的牧场上主要危害种类是Hodotermes mossambicus(草白蚁科)。在干旱的夏季此类白蚁发展迅速，它们可以毁坏60％甚至更多的草皮，造成生物链的混乱及土壤的风化。此类白蚁也能周期性地危害农作物。它们很少攻击本地的树种，但外来树种如桉树、阿拉伯树等则常被攻击。在树木播种或移植后的6-9个月最容易受到白蚁的攻击，死亡率为19-78％，在某些地区偶尔也达到100％。危害建筑物及木结构的，在东非是地下白蚁Coptotermes amanii(鼻白蚁科)，在南部非洲的西边是Psammotermes allocerus(鼻白蚁科)，而危害最严重的是大白蚁属和土白蚁属。当地的千木白蚁则很少危害建筑物，并非主要危害种类。外来白蚁种群，如Cryptotermes breuis(木白蚁科)对南非沿海地区也有相当的危害。本文还就可持续非化学手段控制白蚁、白蚁与产量损失之间的关系及白蚁危害评价标准的建立作了一些探讨。     

西双版纳Anantara酒店景观设计

西双版纳Anantara度假酒店是由云南省旅游投资有限公司与泰国MINOR国际酒店集团共同打造的顶级奢华度假酒店。该酒店占地约92474平方米，坐落于罗梭江畔，与西双版纳热带植物园相望。酒店的景观设计秉承其在景观上的一贯精神，将当地的文化、生活方式、特色建筑元素、农业和农产品、热带果园和热带雨林这五种重要元素融入其中。在设计之初，罗梭江的江景及隔岸的热带植物园风景就确定了被引入酒店的设计构思中，并在设计中贯穿始终。     

湛江市白蚁危害及防治对策

1 引言 白蚁是热带、亚热带地区分布十分广泛、适应性极强、危害十分严重的最古老的社会性昆虫。白蚁对房屋建筑、水库堤坝、农林生产、通讯电缆、图书档案、现代家居装修等领域的严重危害，已让人民群众的财产和社会经济建设遭受了巨大的损失。为此，国家建设部于1999年发布72号令，明确了当前我国对新建、改建、扩建、装饰、装修等房屋白蚁预防的新任务。面对当前湛江市白蚁危害及防治的现状，笔者总结了多年的白蚁预防工作经验，就湛江市白蚁危害及防治做粗浅的分析。     

浅析浙江白蚁防治与生态环境的协调发展

一、浙江省的白蚁分布、危害及防治情况 白蚁是一类个体很小的营群体生活的社会性昆虫,被列为世界性五大害虫研究对象之一,主要孳生在热带和亚热带地区。浙江地处亚热带,雨水充足,气候温暖湿润,适宜白蚁孳生繁殖。现已查明,浙江省分布有4科17属59种白蚁,主要危害种类为家白蚁、散白蚁和土栖白蚁。     

武进市白蚁种类调查以及区系分布特点研究

对武进市白蚁种类进行调查获得250份标本,经鉴定肃属于2科2属11种。该市白蚁区系分布有以下3个特点：1．散白蚁主要危害城乡房屋木结构。2．山丘岗地危害林木的主要是土白蚁和散白蚁3．乳白仪在常武地区已难觅其踪,成为极易控制的白蚁类型。     

Floristic Study of Vascular Plants in Typical Plant Communities in the Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

[Objective] Species composition and flora of vascular plants in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River were analyzed, to provide scientific basis for the estimation and protection of plant diversity, construction of ecological security shelter for the Tibetan Plateau.[Methods] In the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, quadrat(line transect) method was applied to investigate the phytocoenoses in sample plots, and relative literature was used to analyze the floristic composition and floristic element of vascular plants in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River.[Results](1) There are 96 species(including subspecies and variations), 69 genera of 35 vascular plant families, accounting for 16.83%, 5.48%,1.66% and 11.63%, 2.02%, 0.31% of total vascular plant families, genera and species in Tibet and China.(2) There are 24 monotypic-genus families, accounting for 68.57% of the total family number in the local area; 22 monotypic-species families, accounting for 62.86% of the total family number in the local area.Local flora shows the characteristics of ancient relict, such as Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Liliaceae and Ranunculaceae, they are all ancient primitive groups of the third flora and the fourth flora.(3) Local vascular plant genera fall into 10 areal types and 8 variations.(4) Temperate elements are much more than tropical elements, R/T is 0.19, indicating that vascular plants have typical temperate nature and residual tropical nature.There are only a few endemic genera, but more endemic species to the local area, and these species are closely related, of which there are some transitional species, indicating that local flora is too young to experience more differentiation and specialization.(5) There are 24 Chinese endemic species, accounting for 25% of total number of species in the local area; among which there are 12 endemic species to Tibet, accounting for 50% of endemic species to China, 12.5% of total number of species in the local area.Four key wild plant species are included in the second batch of national key protection.[Conclusions](1) There are scarce plant groups in the local area.(2) Among the obvious advantages, single-genus(species) families possess the absolute advantage, and the flora has ancient origins.(3) The local flora has diversified distribution types, and the complicated geographical elements.(4) Temperate species possess obvious advantages, and the flora is young.(5) Rich unique and rare species have high species diversity protection and research value.     

Floristic diversity with particular reference to endemic,rare or endangered flora in forest formations of Saïda (Algeria)

An evaluation and inventory study on the natural vegetation cover and its diversity was carried out on the forest vegetation of the district of Saïda. The floristic diversity of our study area revealed the existence of 397 taxa belonging to 64 families and 271 genera. The most important families are Asteraceae (42 genera), Fabaceae (25 genera), Brassicaceae (22 genera) and Poaceae (22 genera). The category of rare taxa represents 13% of the studied flora (52 taxa). In our study area, we have counted 35 endemic regional species of which 19 species are endemic Algerian-Moroccan, and 3 species are strictly endemic to Algeria. Among the taxa analysed, 02 are included in the IUCN Red List, and 12 are on the Algerian list of protected non-cultivated plant species.     

埋地C90型塑板汽化氯丹土壤预防家白蚁的效果测试

C90型塑板埋入地下形成氯丹汽化土壤黄粘土和沙壤土，经测定氯丹汽化土壤对家白蚁CoptotermesformosanusShiraki的预防效果十分理想。氯丹汽化沙壤土对家白蚁有明显的抗拒效果和强烈的杀伤能力，致使白蚁在72小时内死亡85％。该材料是建筑物基础预防白蚁理想的新方法和新工艺，具有推广应用前景。     

Water and solute mass balance of five small, relatively undisturbed watersheds in the U.S

Geochemical mass balances were computed for water years 1992-1997 (October 1991 through September 1997) for the five watersheds of the U.S. Geological Survey Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) Program to determine the primary regional controls on yields of the major dissolved inorganic solutes. The sites, which vary markedly with respect to climate, geology, physiography, and ecology, are: Allequash Creek, Wisconsin (low-relief, humid continental forest); Andrews Creek, Colorado (cold alpine, taiga/tundra, and subalpine boreal forest); Río Icacos, Puerto Rico (lower montane, wet tropical forest); Panola Mountain, Georgia (humid subtropical piedmont forest); and Sleepers River, Vermont (humid northern hardwood forest). Streamwater output fluxes were determined by constructing empirical multivariate concentration models including discharge and seasonal components. Input fluxes were computed from weekly wet-only or bulk precipitation sampling. Despite uncertainties in input fluxes arising from poorly defined elevation gradients, lack of dry-deposition and occult-deposition measurements, and uncertain sea-salt contributions, the following was concluded: (1) for solutes derived primarily from rock weathering (Ca, Mg, Na, K, and H(4)SiO(4)), net fluxes (outputs in streamflow minus inputs in deposition) varied by two orders of magnitude, which is attributed to a large gradient in rock weathering rates controlled by climate and geologic parent material; (2) the net flux of atmospherically derived solutes (NH(4), NO(3), SO(4), and Cl) was similar among sites, with SO(4) being the most variable and NH(4) and NO(3) generally retained (except for NO(3) at Andrews); and (3) relations among monthly solute fluxes and differences among solute concentration model parameters yielded additional insights into comparative biogeochemical processes at the sites.     

Studies on termite hill and lime as partial replacement for cement in plastering

This study investigated the compressive strength and water absorption capacity of 50×50×50 mm mortar cubes made from mixes containing lime, termite hill and cement and sand. Two mix ratios (1:4 and 1:6) and varying binder replacements of cement with lime or termite hill amounting to 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% were used. Test results showed that the compressive strength of the mortar cubes increases with age and decreases with increasing percentage replacement of cement with lime and termite hill. However, for mix ratio 1:6, up to 20% replacement of cement with either lime or termite hill, all the mortar cubes had the same strength; subsequently, the termite hill exhibited a higher compressive strength. For mix ratio 1:4, mortar cubes made from lime/cement and termite hill/cement mixtures had the same strength at 50% replacement. Generally, water absorption is higher in mixtures containing lime (18.10% and 14.20% for mix ratios 1:6 and 1:4, respectively, both at 50% replacement level) than those containing termite hill (16.10% and 13.02% for mix ratios 1:6 and 1:4, respectively, both at 50% replacement level). Termite hills seem to be promising as a suitable, locally available housing material for plastering.     

Management Practices And Ecological Status Of A Humid Tropical Rainforest

This study attempts to put in perspective the spatial and floristic variations, which exist in the tropical rainforest belt of Nigeria by virtue of different management practices. The variations were examined by comparing the floristic and biomass properties of a government-managed forest with that of an adjacent community-managed forest in the same eco-climatic zone. A floristic similarity of 38.4% was observed between the two sites, while the species richness of the two sites were not significantly different, despite the different management regimes. A classification of the tree species found on both sites using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that savanna elements were gradually being introduced into the community-managed forest. However, this variation may be presumed to be temporal if forest management by rural dwellers is monitored or guided by responsible government agencies.     

Influence of temperature and time of incubation on the estimation of bacterial numbers in tropical surface waters

A pour plate procedure employing 10 plates at each of 2 dilutions was used to determine the Aerobic Plate Count of bacteria in tropical surface water. The counts were conducted on 3 water samples at each of the following incubation temperatures: 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C. Colonies appearing on the plates were counted after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h incubation. Following statistical analysis (P = 0.05) of the results it is recommended that 30°C for 72 h be adopted as a standard incubation regime for Aerobic Plate Counts of bacteria in warm tropical waters.     

蜡梅科植物研究进展

综述了蜡梅科植物近年来的研究进展。蜡梅科有夏蜡梅属、蜡梅属,夏蜡梅属有3个种1个变种,蜡梅属有4个种1个变种。蜡梅品种分类系统几经调整,就目前来看,将之分为素心蜡梅品种群、晕心蜡梅品种群以及红心蜡梅品种群更为适宜;新品种选育主要利用实生选种、芽变以及杂交的方式获得。繁殖包括播种繁殖与无性繁殖。蜡梅科植物的挥发性成分以萜烯类及苯环型化合物等为主,非挥发性成分则主要含有生物碱、香豆素类、黄酮类等。分子生物学技术也应用到蜡梅研究中。在蜡梅的开发利用方面,在盆景制作、切花生产及保鲜、花茶加工工艺、香精及其药用开发技术方面均取得一定进展。     

京杭大运河(杭州主城区段)河岸带不同 生境自生植物物种组成与多样性特征

城市河流是人类文明的起源地和发展地,是城市与自然的连接点。以京杭大运河(杭州主城区段)为例,探索自生植物在改善城市渠化河流河岸带生态效益和景观功能中的应用潜力。于2021年4—6月对研究区域进行全面普查,将自生植物所处生境划分为3类,选取典型样地共81个,包含554个5m×1m小样方。结果表明:1)大运河河岸带共记录到自生植物72科173属195种,优势种以乔木幼株和草本植物为主;2)自生植物群落被划分为3个植被类型,11个群丛类型;PCo A排序图沿第一排序轴生境类型从半自然园林绿地至人工覆土护岸、硬质驳岸岸壁排列,植被类型从乔木林至灌丛、草丛排列;3)3类生境在自生植物多样性上呈逐级递减的趋势,人为干扰是影响多样性变化的主要原因之一。