空间而局中估价函数的一种构造方法

研究如何利用有关问题域的启发信息以降低计算机费用是人工智能求解的基本问题之一，本文以计算机结构布局设计为背景，提出了构造布局设计中估价函数的ＡＨＰ方法。通过计算函数估价函数值，采用最佳优先搜索策略，可避免组合爆炸，保证在有限的时空界限内找到满意解。本文所提出的方法不仅适用于空间局面设计，而且容易推广到一般设计问题，具有重要的应用价值。     

多阶段模糊决策问题的模糊启发式搜索算法FDA

文中提出了多阶段模糊决策问题的自底向上的模糊启发式搜索算法ＦＤＡ＾＊，并证明了只要启发式估价函数ｈ＾↑￣可采纳，则ＦＤＡ＾＊算法亦可采纳，且定能找到具有最小耗散的最佳决策序列。对于可采纳启发式估价函数ｈ↑￣通常难以设计这一问题，文中提出了启发式估价函数的渐进式学习算法Ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ－ｈ↑￣。证明了通过ＦＤＡ＾＊算法的大量解题，Ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ－ｈ↑￣算法能以概率为１使启发式估价函数学习并收敛为可     

启发式算法在搜索引擎的应用

本文对启发式搜索及其搜索过程,启发式搜索的估价函数和A*算法等作了介绍.提出使用人工智能中的启发式搜索来获取特定的信息,通过估价函数计算,对有用的链接进行遍历,以提高收集信息资源的查全率和查准率.     

基于聚类分解的WCDMA基站布局规划算法

针对大规模WCDMA无线网络基站布局规划问题,提出一种基于聚类分解的分层算法．在聚类分解中,以测试点信号增益矩阵构造聚类分解数据,并给出了收敛判定函数和相似度计算方法．在分层算法中,首先用K均值聚类将原问题分解为K个子规划问题,然后对各子问题求解整数规划问题,最后对各子问题的基站布局结果进行全局调整．仿真计算验证了该算法的有效性．     

基于遗传算法的布局问题求解

布局问题是VLSI布图设计中的重要问题，传统的方法很难得到满意的解答。针对该问题，文中提出了一个基于遗传算法的求解方法，并将它应用到VLSI门阵列模式布局设计中，构造了一个较完备的综合布局目标函数，引入并定义了通道拥挤度。实验结果表明，所提出的方法能在较短的时间内提供优化解，为VLSI布局设计提供了一种新的思路。     

一种基于八叉树结构表达的三维实体布局启发式算法

本文在利用八叉树结构表达三维实体布局块及布局空间的基础上,根据八叉树同构节点匹配的思想设计了一个三维实体布局的启发式算法,并提出了三环图方法,解决了八叉树节点的同构识别问题．理论分析及计算的结果表明了该算法对于具有任意形状和大小的布局对象的三维布局问题来说效果理想．     

基于几何推理的布局设计新方法

面向约束的布局设计问题一直是布局研究的热点．本文提出了一个基于几何推理的布局设计生成算法，其最大优点就是充分利用参数化设计的优点，建立了影响布局设计的变量之间的关系．该算法具有较强的柔性，易于扩充，并支持约束一致性检测和影响布局设计参变量的局部修改．算法已在作者研制的车身内布置设计系统中得到了较好的应用．     

带迭代算子的函数式程序设计*

本文提出了程序设计语言的一种新的计算模型，带迭代算子的函数式模型．文中给出了基于该计算模型的程序设计语言的语法、计算规则集及确定性证明．该类语言以表达式的复合描述顺序，以迭代表达式描述循环，以条件表达式描述分支，使得程序以数学语义为基础，易于理解、证明及构造高技的执行系统．褶信该类语言是一种有坚实理论基础、高教的、实际有用的，高级确定性程序设计语言．     

水下机器人耐压舱弹塑性稳定性的一种简易计算方法

耐压舱的稳定性设计是水下机器人设计中的重要问题之一．本文针对耐压舱的 设计问题提出了一种简便的计算方法，并与不同计算方法的结果进行了对比．     

基于重要度排序的配电自动化终端优化布局方法

针对配电自动化终端优化布局问题，提出了一种基于重要度排序的终端优化布局方法。首先以等年值综合费用为目标函数，供电可靠性和投入产出比为双重约束建立了配电自动化终端优化布局模型。然后通过分析配电自动化终端对供电可靠性提升的影响，给出各个节点的“二遥”及“三遥”终端安装重要度定义及计算公式。最后采用枚举法确定最优终端安装数量，基于节点终端安装重要度排序确定终端的最优安装位置。该方法考虑了已布局节点对剩余节点终端安装重要度的影响，能够在降低计算量的同时兼顾布局合理性。运用所提方法RBTS-BUS2系统及扩充模型进行终端优化布局并与智能优化算法的布局结果进行对比，验证了本文方法的有效性及优越性。     

人机交互的遗传算法及其在约束布局优化中的应用

复杂工程布局（如卫星舱布局）方案设计问题在理论上属带性能约束的布局优化问题（NPC问题）,很难求解,因而目前研究得尚少。为解决此类问题,该文提出了一种人机交互的遗传算法。该算法首先将人工设计的个体作为染色体群体的组成部分,然后在遗传运算中,把人工适时设计的新个体加入到染色体群体中,以代替群体中的较差个体。从而构成人机交互的遗传算法,这样可以充分发挥人和计算机各自的特长。文后通过3个算例（其中一个为作者构造的已知最优解的算例）的数值计算,验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

一种立体空间布局模型及布局算法

本文首先讨论了空间布局的同态变换求解思想，分析了基于长方体的立体布局的空间关系，借助图论中的某些概念，建立了一种立体空间布局模型ＳＯＳＧ图，给出了该模型表达立人本空间布局的完备性与封闭性。本文还讨论了基于该模型的布局算法，简要介绍了该方法在计算机结构布局中的应用。     

Multiple-attribute decision making methods for plant layout design problem

The layout design problem is a strategic issue and has a significant impact on the efficiency of a manufacturing system. Much of the existing layout design literature that uses a surrogate function for flow distance or for simplified objectives may be entrapped into local optimum; and subsequently lead to a poor layout design due to the multiple-attribute decision making (MADM) nature of a layout design decision. The present study explores the use of MADM approaches in solving a layout design problem. The proposed methodology is illustrated through a practical application from an IC packaging company. Two methods are proposed in solving the case study problem: Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and fuzzy TOPSIS. Empirical results showed that the proposed methods are viable approaches in solving a layout design problem. TOPSIS is a viable approach for the case study problem and is suitable for precise value performance ratings. When the performance ratings are vague and imprecise, the fuzzy TOPSIS is a preferred solution method.     

A CSP technique-based interactive control panel layout

An interactive and iterative control panel layout method based on the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) technique was developed to generate an ergonomically sound panel design. This control panel layout method attempts to incorporate a variety of relevant ergonomic principles and design constraints, and generate an optimal or, at least, a ‘satisfactory’ solution through an efficient search algorithm. The problem of seeking an ergonomically sound panel design should be viewed as a multi-criteria problem, and most of the design objectives should be understood as constraints. Hence, a CSP technique was employed in this study for dealing with the multi-constraints layout problem. The efficient search algorithm using ‘preprocess’ and ‘look_ahead’ procedures was developed to handle the vast amount of computational effort. In order to apply the CSP technique to the panel layout procedure, the ergonomic principles such as spatial compatibility, frequency-of-use, importance, functional grouping, and sequence-of-use were formalized as CSP terms. The effectiveness of the proposed panel layout method was evaluated by example problems, and the results clearly showed that the generated layouts properly considered various ergonomic design principles.     

空间布局的约束图方法

空间布局的自动化是智能CAD领域的研究方向之一,旨在为设计师提供智能辅助工具，用于求解在建筑、厂房设备、大规模集成电路以及产品包装等等若干领域出现的布局问题.图论方法是空间布局研究的主要途径之一.以往的布局模型由于难以充分表达知识与约束,使得设计过程与结果难以控制.本文提出一种可应用于2D及3D布局的规范约束图及层次约束图模型,给出了约束图解的存在条件.该模型可以表示精细的布局知识与约束,在一定程度上克服了以往图模型不能充分表达布局知识与约束的不足.本文还给出了基于约束图的布局生成算法.     

Design of a robust layout with information uncertainty increasing over time: A fuzzy evolutionaryapproach

One of the problems encountered in the design of manufacturing systems is how to arrange the machines on the surface of the workshop, which is commonly referred to as a layout problem. Such a problem has been widely investigated in the literature. Most approaches use optimization technique to determine the position of each facility, assuming that the required data is available. Unfortunately, this assumption is often unrealistic, since the study design of a workshop is obviously conducted much before it is operating, so that data related to customer demands, for example, is generally not known with enough precision. Indeed, if good forecasts about what is to be produced in the next weeks can be available, they will obviously become more and more unreliable as the considered period of time will increase, so that layout found using classical approaches can turn out not to be relevant on the medium or long term. We propose an approach to design a robust layout in a context where the certainty of the information available decreases over time, which is usually the case for real applications. We propose a resolution approach based on a fuzzy evolutionary algorithm, which includes uncertain customer demands for each product. We show how this problem can be stated as a fuzzy dynamic layout problem with growing uncertainty over time. We suggest an evolutionary algorithm with adapted operators. Their performances are first tested using 2crisp layout problems already published. Then the impact of increasing uncertainty is studied using a suggested benchmark. The results of our experiments show the importance of considering the degradation of the information for designing robust layouts.     

基于遗传算法的布局问题求解

布局问题是VLSI布图设计中的重要问题,传统的方法很难得到满意的解答。针对该问题,文中提出了一个基于遗传算法的求解方法,并将它应用到VLSI门阵列模式布局设计中,构造了一个较完备的综合布局目标函数,引入并定义了通道拥挤度。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能在较短的时间内提供优化解,为VLSI布局设计提供了一种新的思路。     

基于Virtools的墙材生产线可视化设计系统开发

布局问题一直是生产线设计过程中的一个难点问题,生产线布局的优劣直接影响到生产线的生产效率。针对墙材生产企业生产线布局中存在的问题,研究生产线的快速动态布局方法。利用当前虚拟仿真技术的优势,基于虚拟仿真软件Virtools,开发墙材生产线可视化布局设计系统。并且结合某墙材生产企业生产线的布局问题,应用所开发的布局设计系统进行仿真布局,在此基础上利用布局设计系统的生产过程仿真功能对此生产线的生产过程进行仿真模拟,检验生产线布局的合理性,以便修改和优化。     

A variational inequality approach to optimal plastic design of structures via the Prager-Rozvany theory

The theory of optimal plastic design of structures via optimality criteria (W. Prager approach) transforms the optimal design problem into a certain nonlinear elastic structural analysis problem with appropriate stress-strain laws, which are derived by the adopted specific cost function for the members of the structure and which generally have complete vertical branches. Moreover, the concept of structural universe (introduced by G.I.N. Rozvany) permits us to tackle complicated optimal layout problems.On the other hand, a significant effort in the field of nonsmooth mechanics has recently been devoted to the solution of structural analysis problems with complete material and boundary laws, e.g. stress-strain laws or reaction-displacement laws with vertical branches.In this paper, the problem of optimal plastic design and layout of structures following the approach of Prager-Rozvany is revised within the framework of recent progress in the area of nonsmooth structural analysis and it is treated by means of techniques primarily developed for the solution of inequality mechanics problems. The problem of the optimal layout of trusses is used here as a model problem. The introduction of general convex, continuous and piecewise linear specific cost functions for the structural members leads to the formulation of linear variational inequalities or equivalent piecewise linear, convex but nonsmooth optimization problems. An algorithm exploiting the particular structure of the minimization problem is then described for the numerical solution. Thus, practical structural optimization problems of large size can be treated. Finally, numerical examples illustrate the applicability and the advantages of the method.On leave from the Institute of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100 Chania, Greece     

Shape and topology optimization of acoustic lens system using phase field method

A layout optimization method for a two-dimensional acoustic lens system used in underwater imaging is presented. To this end, a shape and topology optimization is formulated for the design problem of a lens system for the first time. The layout of a lens system to be optimized includes the number of lenses, shape of lens surfaces, distances between lenses, and lens materials. A phase field function is employed to implicitly parameterize the boundaries of the lenses, which move according to design sensitivities during optimization. Multiple lenses with different materials are optimized using a single phase field function. Because the ratio of the acoustic wavelength with respect to lens dimensions is large, diffraction effects should be taken into account. Accordingly, the performance of a lens system should be analyzed using wave acoustics and not the ray tracing method. The optimization problem is formulated to remove the aberrations of coma and field curvature. The validity of the proposed optimization method is demonstrated by solving benchmark design problems including a lens system with a large field of view.