白内障超声乳化手术患者的心理护理

总结了330例白内障超声乳化术患者的心理护理,包括术前电话随访和心理指导;术中播放背景音乐,营造轻松氛围;规范医护人员言行,给予患者心理支持;术后电话回访并给予心理指导.330例患者均顺利接受并积极配合完成手术,术后感觉良好,可恢复较好的视力.认为正确的心理护理能缓解患者的焦虑、恐惧心理,增加患者对医护人员的信任感,保证手术顺利进行,提高手术的效率及成功率.     

初始开展超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶体植入的临床观察

本对初始开展超声乳化白内障除及人工晶体植入的手术进行了细致的研究，并总结性提出手术的关键环节及手术的注意事项。     

临床护理路径在老龄白内障超声乳化摘除加人工晶体植入术中的效果观察

目的 探讨临床护理路径在老龄白内障超声乳化摘除加人工晶体植入术中的应用效果.方法将64例手术老龄白内障患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各32例.观察组按临床护理路径进行护理,对照组给予常规护理.比较2组患者健康教育知识掌握情况及对护理工作满意度.结果观察组和对照组对护理满意度分别为96.8%和71.8%,2组患者对护理工作满意度和对健康教育知识掌握情况比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论在老龄白内障超声乳化摘除加人工晶体植入术患者中应用临床护理路径模式,能使患者很好地掌握该手术的相关知识,积极配合治疗,提高了疗效和满意度,值得临床推广.     

微小切口治疗高度近视白内障的临床观察

目的:从我院2009年3月至今,对58例高度近视白内障患者实施微小切口白内障摘除+人工晶体植入术病例观察,术前常规裂隙灯测眼压,电脑验光检查,散瞳后行眼底检查,使用电脑验光仪,角膜曲率仪及A超测量人工晶体度数,选择4级及4级以下核,采取角巩膜缘3.2mm隧道切口,CCC撕囊术,剜出晶体,植入蔡司折叠人工晶体,术后随访3个月.结果:术中术后无严重并发症,术后视力均有不同程度提高.结论:微小切口加人工晶体植入术对高度近视白内障是一种安全有效的方法,值得在广大基础医院推广.     

表面麻醉在小切口白内障摘除术中的应用

目的:探讨表面麻醉在小切口白内障术中的临床应用.方法:对104例(106眼)白内障患者在球后及表面麻醉下行小切口白内障手术,观察二者麻醉效果、术后一周视力及术中术后并发症.结果:二者麻醉效果、术后一周视力及术中术后并发症经统计学处理均无显著性差异.结论:表面麻醉是小切口白内障术的一种简便、安全、有效,并发症少的麻醉方法.     

重油乳化燃烧技术的研究及应用

本文简单介绍了乳化燃烧节能机理,对燃料的性质及组成作了全面分析,研究了W/O型乳化燃料的粘温性质及含水量与粘度的关系。设计了SML型高效乳化器,提出了在线乳化燃烧工艺,避免使用昂贵的乳化剂,技术改造投资大幅度下降。     

探讨巩膜小切口手法分核白内障摘除术并人工晶体植入术的临床疗效

目的:探讨巩膜小切口手法分核白内障摘除术并人工晶体植入术的临床疗效.方法:我院2009年1月-2011年1月间共收治的82例90眼白内障患者随机分成两组治疗组41例44眼和对照组41例46眼,对照组行常规切口白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术,治疗组行巩膜小切口分核白内障摘除术并人工晶体植入术.术后随访6-30个月,并对比两组的视力、眼压、散光、和术后并发症:后囊膜混浊、虹膜部分后粘连、瞳孔轻度上移、角膜水肿的情况.结果:两组均未见青光眼、视网膜脱离等严重并发症.治疗组在术中和术后并发症的发生率方面要明显低于对照组,经X2 检验,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:巩膜小切口手法分核白内障摘除人工晶体植入术效果明显,有临床推广的意义.     

探讨非超乳小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶体植入术的临床疗效

目的:探讨非超乳小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶体植入术的临床疗效.方法:对143例171眼实施非超乳小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶体植入术,于上方角膜缘后2mm,做长约6～7mm反眉弓、巩膜水平板层隧道切口,晶体圈匙托出晶体核,植入人工晶体.结果:患者术后离院时裸眼视力≥0.3者占69.0%,≥0.5者占47.4%;术后 1个月视力或矫正视力≥0.3者占95.3%,≥0.5者占74.3%,≥0.8者占42.7%.结论:非超乳小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶体植入术后并发症少,设备便宜,与超声乳化比较,费用少,也可获得满意的结果,易在基层开展.     

应用小切口行胆囊切除术50例临床分析

目的:探讨应用小切口行胆囊切除术的临床效果及注意事项.方法:回顾性分析2005年1月-2010年12月采用小切口胆囊切除术治疗胆囊良性病变50例的临床资料.结果:本组手术时间平均(68.24±12.85)min,术中出血量平均(111.54±24 24)ml,出现胆道损伤2例,经对症处理好均治愈,其余无切口感染、出血、放射痛及术后胆漏等并发症发生,术后平均住院(7.12±2.56)天,术后随访0.5-3年,无术后有残殊胆囊及结石留置情况.结论:在严格掌握其适应证,且规范手术操作的条件下,小切口胆囊切除术是一种创伤小,恢复快,安全有效的手术方式,可以在基层医院广泛开展.     

超声检查输尿管结石的临床应用价值

目的:超声诊断输尿管结石的临床价值.方法:对152例输尿管结石患者的临床诊断进行分析总结.结果:152例输尿管结石单侧 149例,双侧 3例,上段结石50例,中段结石19例,下段结石83例,伴患侧肾积水138例,伴患侧肾结石86例,伴双肾结石7例.结论:超声能迅速有效地诊断输尿管结石,有重要临床价值.     

A preliminary report of small incision cataract surgery by phacoemulsification

The results of 34 cases with cataract extracted by phacoemulsification were preliminarily reported. Postoperatively, they achieved corrected visual acuities > 1.0 in 24 eyes (70.59%) in one week and in 25 eyes (73.53%) after 3 months. The post-operative astigmatism showed a tendency of change from with-the-rule shifting to against-the-rule. The rate of the corneal endothelial cell loss was 13.28%. No severe intra- and post-operative complications were found. It is concluded that the small incision, slight post-operative reaction and fast visual rehabilitation inherent in phacoemulsification procedures are more beneficial to patients than the conventional extracapsular cataract extraction.     

Conjunctival wound closure by saline injection in sutureless, scleral tunnel incision phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To compare two methods of conjunctival closure in phacoemulsification. SETTING: Frimley Park Hospital NHS Trust, Surrey, England. METHODS: This prospective, randomized study comprised 40 patients (40 eyes) who had phacoemulsification via superior axis scleral tunnels and implantation of a poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lens with a 5.5 mm optic diameter. In 24 eyes, the conjunctival wound was closed manually with a Moorfields forceps (Group A). In 16, 0.5 ml of balanced salt solution was injected subconjunctivally to reappose the conjunctival wound (Group B). Conjunctival reapposition was assessed by measuring the maximum radial distance of bare sclera preoperatively and during outpatient clinic visits at 1, 7, and 28 days postoperatively. RESULTS: Follow-up was obtained on 38 eyes. One day after surgery, total wound closure was achieved in 15 of 16 eyes in Group B; however, closure was still incomplete in 13 of 22 Group A eyes. At 7 days postoperatively, the size of the conjunctival wound remained significantly smaller in Group B eyes (P < .01). CONCLUSION: The saline injection produced a faster rate of conjunctival wound closure than standard manual reapposition.     

Relationship between preoperative axis of astigmatism and postoperative astigmatic change after superior scleral incision phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of the preoperative axis of astigmatism on the outcome of corneal astigmatism after sutured 5.2 to 5.7 mm superior incision phacoemulsification. SETTING: Departments of Opthalmology, Odense and Vejle Hospitals, Denmark. METHODS: Seventy-three consecutive patients with preoperative corneal astigmatism of 2.0 diopters (D) or less, axial length between 20.0 and 25.5 mm, and no eye disease except cataract were grouped according to preoperative with-the-rule (WTR) or against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism. The keratometric cylinder, induced keratometric cylinder (subtraction), and induced cylinder (Jaffe) were measured and calculated 10 to 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The postoperative keratometric cylinder and induced keratometric cylinder were significantly higher in the ATR group (P < .00001; mean difference [95% confidence limits]: 0.76 D [0.54; 0.98] and 0.69 D [0.46; 0.92], respectively). There was no significant difference between groups in induced cylinder (Jaffe). CONCLUSION: The estimated differences were significantly in favor of patients with preoperative WTR astigmatism. The findings support using temporal incision in cases with a preoperative ATR axis of astigmatism.     

Neurotoxins in neurobiology: from basic research to clinical application

Recently, we reported that in rat, cyclosporine A (CsA) markedly decreases the levels of calbindin-D (CABP-D) 28 kDa in kidney. CABP-D 28 kDa is a calcium-binding protein which is highly expressed in calcium-transporting tissues such as kidney or brain. In this study, we investigated whether, in addition to the kidney, CsA also has an effect on CABP-D 28 kDa in rat brain. Three groups of male Wistar rats received 15 mg/kg/day or 50 mg/kg/day of CsA orally for 12 days, whereas controls received vehicle solution for the same period. CABP-D 28-kDa protein and CsA were quantified in homogenates of kidney, cerebral cortex and cerebellum, and the localization of CABP-D 28 kDa was assessed in the different tissue sections by immunohistochemistry. In kidney, CABP-D 28 kDa was strongly and dose dependently decreased, and was located in tubular epithelial cells. In brain, CABP-D 28 kDa was not changed and was mainly located in pyramidal cells of the cortex and in cerebellum exclusively in Purkinje cells. High CsA concentrations were measured in kidney, more than 17-fold greater than those found in cortex. In cerebellum, CsA was below the limit of detection. These data suggest that at clinically relevant doses, CsA may not affect CABP-D 28-kDa levels in brain.     

Recent advances in andrology research: physiopathology and clinical application to fertility and infertility

Sperm maturation depends on androgen and is mediated by several unidentified epididymal factors: glycoproteins and metabolites affecting acrosomal stability and fertilizing potential of capacitated sperm. Several genes encoding human epididymis-specific proteins have been described. One of the cloned epididymal cDNA encodes a polypeptide designated as HE4 with an estimated molecular mass of 10,000. Leydig cells are rich in lipid droplets and display epithelioid features. These cells have a cord-like arrangement; the cords are formed by one or two closely apposed cells. In between these cells, labyrinthine or canalicular-like spaces are opened in wide perivascular spaces that improve cell secretion of hormones and facilitate their transport into the blood, as well as the traffic of fluids and metabolites. Coagulation and liquefaction in human semen plays an important role in the capacitation of semen. The liquefaction of semen is retarded by the powerful synthetic inhibitors of 6-amidino-2-naphtyl-p-guanidinobenzoate dimethansulfonate.     

Motilin and clinical application

Motilin is a regulatory polypeptide of 22 amino acid residues and orginates in motilin cells scattered in the duodenal epithelium of most mammals and chickens. Motilin is released into the general circulation at about 100-min intervals during the interdigestive state and is the most important factor in controlling the interdigestive migrating contractions. Recent studies have revealed that motilin stimulates endogenous release of the endocrine pancreas. Clinical application of motilin as a prokinetic has become possible since erythromycin and its derivatives were proved to be nonpeptide motilin agonists.     

Hypothesis validity of clinical research.

Hypothesis validity refers to the extent to which research results reflect theoretically derived predictions about the relations between or among constructs. The role of hypotheses in theory testing is discussed. Four threats to hypothesis validity are presented: (a) inconsequential research hypotheses, (b) ambiguous research hypotheses, (c) noncongruence of research hypotheses and statistical hypotheses, and (d) diffuse statistical hypotheses and tests. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)