油井产出液中高矿化度水的密度对原油含水率的影响

基于原油含水率的定义 ,分析了原油中水的密度与含水率的关系 ,指出了采用GB892 9— 88《原油水含量测定法》(蒸馏法 )测定的质量含水率不适用于井口产出液计量中的原油质量计算。提出了修正方法和公式 ,修正后的质量含水率更符合实际     

选用质量流量计测原油流量的计量方案

原油计量 ,传统的方法大多采用人工检尺 ,也有采用体积式流量计的测量方法 ,这些计量方法的一个突出的不足就是不易处理原油中无规律变化的含水率。文章提出采用质量流量计测量的计量办法 ,既可直接测出具有高准确度的质量流量 ,又能准确地处理无规律变化的含水率问题。     

胜利油田井口采出液含水计量现状分析

采出液含水率测量的准确性对及时掌握油井生产动态、估计原油产量、提高油田采收率具有十分重要的作用,同时准确及时的原油含水率检测数据,能够反映出油井的工作状态,对管理部门减少能耗、减低成本、实现油田自动化管理起着重要的作用。本文着重从采出液的取样、化验等环节来分析油田含水计量现状。     

基于层析成像的气液两相流相关流量测量方法

对电阻层析成像技术和图像的小波纹理特征进行了研究,提出一种基于层析成像的气液两相流相关流量测量方法,实现了液相流量的准确测量。利用电阻层析成像技术和相关算法对不同泡型下的相含率、渡越时间进行检测,得到气相流量;利用小波分析提取出层析成像的流型纹理特征;从而基于BP神经网络建立不同泡型下的气液两相流的相关流量测量模型。实验结果表明,液体流量的测量精度可以达到3%以内。     

原油精确计量技术发展趋势分析

本文提出一种基于测量罐中原油厚度的自动盘库计量方法，并根据原油高度，结合手工、自动含水率，使用计算机直接计算出大罐中任何时段的原油产量。此方法与过去的监测方法精度更高，使用更方便。     

油田联合站自动盘库计量技术研究

本文提出一种基于测量罐中原油平均含水率的自动盘库计量方法，推算出用此法进行自动盘库的数学模型，并分析了盘库中平均含水率测量和净油质量测量的不确定度。实验结果表明，此设计方案适用于油田联合站和油库罐区的自动盘库。     

神经网络在含水率预测中的应用

相分率测量是多相管流研究的重点，γ密度仪是气液两相流和多相流测量中常用的非插入式测量方法，其中含水率的测量度最大。实验测试发现，直接利用高低能计数计算含水率存在较大偏差，本文通过将高低能计数值作为输入参数，利用BP神经网络方法预含水率，大大提高了预测精度，结果表明，BP神经网络方法是改善γ密度仪测量含水率精度的有效方法。     

螺旋天线原油含水率测量仪的误差分析与校准

天线是射频法原油含水率测量仪的关键部件。分析采用平行天线和螺旋天线的含水率测量仪在检测原理上的差异,使用研制的螺旋天线原油含水率测量仪进行含水率重复性实验,实验数据分析表明,含水率在40%-80%时,由于原油发生相变,在该区间,含水率测量仪的线性度变差。针对上述问题设计含水率测量误差校准方法及流程,采用分段线性插值法进行含水率全区间测量误差校准,在模拟管道平台和油田井场进行多次重复实验。实验结果表明:所研制螺旋天线含水率测量仪可实现全区间含水率测量,和油田仍普遍使用的蒸馏法含水率测量方法相比,含水率测量误差在5%以内。该仪器可为数字化油田、智能分层采油和注水提供含水率测量数据。     

基于相位法原油含水率仪的实验研究

由于水、油介电特性差异较大，电磁波在不同含水率的油水混合介质中传播的相位系数有很大不同，通过测量电磁波在油水混合介质的同轴线内相位系数获取油水混合介质的含水率，并研制出了一种新型原油含水率仪。针对油田实际情况，对该仪器进行了动静结合的实验研究。实验表明，该仪器能够实现油井含水率全范围的连续测量，且具有较高的分辨率和准确度，解决了准确测量油田原油高含水率这一难题。     

新型气液两相流相含率检测装置特性研究

油气开采及油气运输中流体不分离计量是实现低碳生产的有效途径,气液两相流检测技术是实现这一目标的关键技术基础。利用近红外光谱技术作为研究测量方法,在水平管道上设计沿两相流流动方向进行测量的气液两相流相含率检测装置,将原有探头径向放置测量的方式改为沿流体流动方向进行测量,提高被相应的接收探头接收比例,达到准确测量的目的。利用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)仿真软件,优化装置结构。在新型测量装置上完成多个工况点的实验测试,得到相含率与近红外测量电压信号之间的数学模型,且相对误差分布在0.11%以内,为今后气液两相流不分离检测提供一种新方法 。     

应用积分方法实现两种常见油罐装油量的计量

文章从实际应用出发,根据采油生产一线现场常用的两种油罐装油计算和计量的需要,基于数学积分原理,导出了2种典型油罐装油量的计算方法,根据不同罐型及不同含水算出了不同液面高度下的装油量换算表。经现场实际应用,表明计量结果准确可靠,较好地解决了生产实际问题,提高了单井罐计量的精度及罐车运输原油的计量精度,此方法可推广应用到其它领域的油罐装液量计量。     

Study and application on the evaluation method of porous formation for long term waterflooding sand reservoir

结合支持向量机和聚类理论对生产小层进行评价,考虑小层静、动态参数差异,选取平均渗透率、渗透率变异系数、流动能力、剩余可采储量、弱水淹系数、平均日产油、含水上升率、累积产液强度和产油效率指数作为小层评价指标,建立基于支持向量机和聚类理论的小层评价模型。以胜利油田胜坨21区块数据为例进行分析,根据计算结果,制定开发调整对策,并在该区块进行了现场应用,应用效果表明,相比于开发调整之前,区块月产油提高了7.6个百分点,综合含水率下降了8.9个百分点。从提高产量和控水效果的角度看,该方法用于改善高含水期水驱砂岩油藏开发效果具有经济适用性。     

A digital tachometer for high-temperature telemetry utilizing thermally uprated commercial electronic components

The high-temperature environment of an oil well requires reliable downhole instrumentation, typically based on simple and robust circuits, low power consumption, and smart measurement algorithms. In this paper, we present an electronic design and measurement methodology for a simple microcontroller-based digital tachometer, optimized for downhole spinner-flowmeter applications and multichannel telemetry. We have developed and experimentally evaluated an effective algorithm for direction-sensitive rotational speed measurement, which combines quadrature pulse decoding with the method of dependent count. The algorithm employs a temperature compensation technique, making it suitable for the high-temperature application of commercial-grade electronic parts. Our results confirm the functionality and reliable operation of the tachometer, targeted at high-temperature short-term oil-well logging applications.     

Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Identifying the Ingredients of an Oil–Water Mixture Based on a Characteristic Fluid Inverse Problem

To identify the ingredients of an oil–water mixture in petroleum production or petrochemicals process, a method based on a characteristic liquid inverse problem was developed by clarifying its real viscosity and thermal conductivity. A heat transfer and fluid flow model for an oil–water mixture was established for tube flow in this paper. By means of the measured temperature distribution in the tube, the thermal physical properties of the oil–water mixture can be obtained by the governing equations in the model according to their characteristics as a Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid. The fluid characteristic can be deduced by the rheological properties of the oil–water mixture. Both the Newtonian fluid and non-Newtonian fluid governing equations were established to determine the mixture components. Experiments were also conducted to verify the numerical solutions for the ingredients of the oil–water mixture. The comparison between theoretical solutions and experimental results shows that the maximum error based on the suitable fluid model is 3.11 %, which demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method for estimating the ingredients of an oil–water mixture.     

B1 瓦特计测量声功率方法的分析和简化

本文给出郎之万Ｌａｎｇｅｖｉｎ型换能器及变幅杆振动节点、腹点处振幅比随负载的变化情况，分析了瓦特计法测量声功率本身存在的理论偏差，并给出了两性能相同的换能器对接系统的实验结果，表明这种方法在轻负载（不大于水负载）测量中的准确性，提出工程上简化的测量方法     

Measurement of water concentration in oil/water dispersions with a circular single-electrode capacitance probe

A new measurement method, called SeCaP, has been used to measure the water content in oil/water dispersions. The measuring principle is based on an oscillator working at approximately 20 MHz. The dielectric property of the medium adjacent to one single free electrode affects the frequency of the oscillator. The dispersion was produced by means of recirculation through a colloid mill. The concentration of water was first increased from zero to approximately 70%. Then, it was reduced from 100% to approximately 45%. The probe signal correlates very well with the water concentration in the dispersion, especially for the oil continuous case with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The instrument represents a new approach of measuring the water content in process streams in, for example, oil production facilities, where it is important to have reliable information on the amount of water that is flowing in the production tubing.     

原油含水量和流速对X60钢管道腐蚀行为的影响

以往用盐水加腐蚀性物质模拟原油腐蚀环境以研究输油管道腐蚀行为的方法不准确。以中东混合原油为腐蚀介质,利用高温高压釜装置模拟输油管道实际状况,采用失重法、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪研究了原油含水量和流速对X60钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:随着原油含水量和流速的提高,X60钢的腐蚀速率不断增大;原油中的S元素是诱发和促进X60钢点蚀的重要因素。