垃圾焚烧灰渣的特性及资源化利用

随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,垃圾问题日益突出。焚烧在我国某些城市逐渐开始成为主要的生活垃圾处理方法之一,同时,焚烧过程产生的副产物的二次污染及其性质渐受关注。通过对城市生活垃圾焚烧灰渣的特性研究分析,用X射线荧光光谱仪对垃圾灰渣进行成分分析,为垃圾焚烧灰渣的资源化利用奠定了基础。     

焚烧生活垃圾的灰渣用于生产烧结砖原料的可行性研究——利用东莞市污泥和焚烧垃圾生产烧结砖技术研究报告之二

1 概述 东莞市墙材革新与建筑节能办公室为适应城市化发展需要和缓解日益增加的城市生活垃圾处置压力,采用垃圾焚烧方式处理生活垃圾.垃圾焚烧处理是目前国外应用最普通的垃圾处理方法,此方法最大优点是垃圾资源化和减量化处理程度高.近年来,我国已有不少城市开始或计划兴建大型生活垃圾焚烧厂.焚烧后可大大减少垃圾量,但仍有20%～30%的质量留在了灰渣当中.     

上海生活垃圾资源化利用现状及产业发展对策

随着上海经济发展和居民生活水平的提高,生活垃圾的排放量日益增多,据统计,1999年上海城市生活垃圾年清运量达499.8万t,与日俱增的生活垃圾已成为困扰上海环境治理和城市管理的重大问题。因此,如何减少垃圾排放量,并将垃圾进行资源化循环利用,已成为垃圾处理和城市管理中的一个重要课题。 1 城市生活垃圾资源化利用现状 1.1 生活垃圾利用价值大 经对上海生活垃圾组成成分测定,近年来垃圾中的纸类、塑料、金属、玻璃等成分比例急剧上升,     

焚烧灰渣的资源化利用将是比较符合中国实际的方法

近年来，城市垃圾的产生量日益增加，已对环境造成了越来越大的影响。为了使城市生活垃圾达到减量化，无害化，焚烧技术已被广泛利用。我国已有不少城市，如：上海、武汉、福州、常州等，开始兴建大型生活垃圾焚烧厂。焚烧可大大减少生活垃圾的存量（减少约90％的体积），但仍有20％～30％的质量留在了焚烧灰渣当中。如此大量焚烧灰渣的产生，带来了处置的困难。     

新型干法水泥窑协同处置城市生活垃圾的环境友好性

新型干法水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾的核心是在水泥的生产过程中利用时生活垃圾中的可燃成分和灰渣材料,选用适当的技术方案,使垃圾无害化、减量化、资源化和能源化,可有效解决垃圾填埋、焚烧等传统处理方式带来的二次污染问题,具有良好的环境效益。这里着重论述新型干法水泥窑协同处置城市生活垃圾的环境友好性。     

建筑垃圾资源化利用付费机制探讨

本文以"建筑垃圾资源化利用处理费"为突破口,总结梳理国、内外建筑垃圾资源化利用经济政策现状,采用回归模型对利益相关者进行支付意愿分析。实地调研了我国东部S市装修垃圾资源化利用项目,对装修垃圾运输成本和处理成本进行了测算,认为应该从建筑垃圾产生到再生产品应用形成产业链全过程闭环式管理,在此基础上构建"产生者付费、处理者受益"付费结算机制,以期为建筑垃圾治理与资源化利用行业解决建筑垃圾处理成本高与不盈利的矛盾。     

基于建筑垃圾资源化利用的循环经济模式思考

我国建筑垃圾已占城市垃圾的30%～40%~([1]),并呈增长态势。面对日益凸显的资源紧缺与垃圾围城,实现建筑垃圾资源化利用刻不容缓。本文对国外建筑垃圾资源化利用的相关法规及案例进行归纳汇总,希望能为我国建筑垃圾资源化利用提供思路。     

青岛市生活垃圾无害化处理及资源化利用思考

随着城市生活垃圾产生量大幅度增加,如何合理处理生活垃圾,日益引起人们的关注,人们对于生活垃圾的无害化、资源化处理的要求也越来越高。论文阐述了生活垃圾无害化处理的迫切性,介绍了生活垃圾无害化填埋、焚烧发电、垃圾堆肥技术,分析了青岛市目前生活垃圾资源化利用现状及存在问题,并根据青岛市实际情况,对今后生活垃圾处理中应解决的问题提出了一些建议。     

新时期广西农村生活垃圾资源化利用探索

新时期广西农村生活垃圾产生源分散、分布面广,存量与增量规模日益增大,构成成分复杂,处理难度较大。而且整体上广西农村生活垃圾处理设施不足,公共投入滞后,村民生态环保意识淡薄,环境卫生状况"脏、乱、差"严重,遭遇"垃圾围村"的困境。旨在"清洁环境、美化乡村、培育新风、造福群众"的"美丽广西·清洁乡村"大行动的最优路径是对农村生活垃圾进行资源化利用处理,最终达到减量化、资源化、无害化的处理目标,以获取较高的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。     

垃圾灰渣在钢管混凝土柱中应用及特点的研究

为了解决城市生活垃圾焚烧灰渣(以下简称垃圾灰渣)的回收利用问题,研究将垃圾灰渣直接应用到钢管混凝土构件中的可行性。首先对15根实心圆钢管垃圾灰渣混凝土短柱进行轴压试验,得出荷载-位移曲线和应力-应变关系。结果表明,钢管对于核心混凝土的套箍作用对钢管混凝土承载能力的提高作用明显。然后根据试验结果,回归出修正的钢管垃圾灰渣混凝土轴压承载力统一理论修正公式。最后采用轻骨料混凝土本构模型进行有限元模拟,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。试验、理论以及有限元结果证明,垃圾灰渣应用到实心钢管混凝土中是可行的。     

城市生活垃圾处理技术及焚烧炉渣资源化利用研究进展

城市生活垃圾日益增多,阻碍了城市的可持续发展。焚烧作为一种成熟、先进、处理量大、有用资源可回收利用的处理技术在我国大中城市得到了广泛的应用。但是,焚烧后的炉渣仍占到了原始垃圾重量的20%-30%,且数量随着焚烧量的增加而增加。文中探讨了填埋、堆肥、焚烧等3种城市生活垃圾处理技术研究现状,并且焚烧炉渣具有稳定的物理和化学性质,因此对其进行资源化再利用,进行新型墙材研发是可行的。     

污泥与生活垃圾混合填埋产沼的模拟实验研究

通过城市生活垃圾与污水厂脱水污泥的混合填埋模拟实验，研究了添加污泥对垃圾降解及填埋气产生过程的影响，实验结果表明，在填埋垃圾中添加污泥起到了接种微生物的作用，加快了有机垃圾的降解与填埋气的产生，产气速率较生活垃圾直接填埋提高30％以上，填埋气中CH4浓度可达到64％，与没有添加污泥相比，填埋气中CH4含量有较大幅度的提高，有利于填埋气的资源化利用，同时也可为污泥的资源化利用提供经济可行的途径。     

Recycling of municipal solid waste incinerator ash in hot-mix asphalt concrete

This research investigated the use of incinerator ash as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in hot-mix asphalt concrete. Municipal solid waste (MSW) Incinerator ash was obtained from an incinerator facility at Sultan Qaboos University. Physical tests were performed on the incinerator ash to determine its gradation and specific gravity, as well as chemical composition of the leachate from the ash. MSW ash was used in the mixture of hot-mix asphalt with a percentage of up to 40% by total aggregate weight. Optimum mixtures were evaluated for moisture susceptibility and raveling potential. The results indicate the potential use of the MSW ash in asphalt concrete mixtures for surface and base course mixtures with percentages of 15 and 20 ash substitution, respectively.     

Under and post-construction probabilistic static and seismic slope stability analysis of Barmshour Landfill,Shiraz City,Iran

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Construction of municipal solid waste (MSW) in open dump sites is a popular method in developing countries, for financial reasons. Although the...     

Studies on the detection of salmonellae in municipal solid waste and incinerator residue

Significant factors in recovering Salmonella organisms from solid waste/sludge mixture, municipal solid waste, and incinerator residue and quench water were sample weight, number of samples, enrichment and subculture media, and incubation temperature. The optimal sample weight was 30 g; the optimal incubation temperature of inoculated enrichment medium, 39.5°C. The two enrichment media, Selenite F and Selenite brilliant green/sulfa, were equally efficient. The plating media were also important; best results were obtained with salmonella/shigella agar. Field studies conducted at four municipal incinerators of different operational design indicated that when enteric pathogens are present in the solid waste they can survive the incineration process.     

Estimation of heavy metal transformations in municipal solid waste

The behaviour of heavy metals bound to municipal solid waste (MSW) and exposed to 2 decades of anaerobic waste stabilization processes have been estimated. Heavy metal solid forms in a waste degradation residue have been compared with a reconstructed waste similar to that initially disposed of in 1973. The initial waste was composed of a mixture of shredded MSW (95% dry wt.) and anaerobic sewage sludge (5% dry wt.). A sequential chemical extraction method has been used to fractionate the heavy metals into five categories of available and reactive solid forms. The results imply that these forms can be ascribed to approximately 30% of the total content of the heavy metals in the degraded waste and the portion of heavy metals bound to oxidizable solid forms seems to be higher in the degraded than the fresh MSW. The bulk of the remaining heavy metals are assumed to be less available and bound into resistant lattice structures, such as metal and polymer items. A comparison between fractionation patterns of the waste in this study and of a few sediments collected from different environments imply similarities between the fresh MSW and an oxic sediment from one site and the sewage sludge and anoxic sediments from another site. Fractionation patterns of the degraded waste are found to be quite similar to those of the anoxic sediments, except for Pb, Ni and Cd which are more similar to fresh MSW.     

Influence of bacteria on lanthanide and actinide transfer from specific soil components (humus, soil minerals and vitrified municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash) to corn plants: Sr-Nd isotope evidence

Experiments have been performed to test the stability of vitrified municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator bottom ash under the presence of bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and plants (corn). The substratum used for the plant growth was a humus-rich soil mixed with vitrified waste. For the first time, information on the stability of waste glasses in the presence of bacteria and plants is given. Results show that inoculated plant samples contained always about two times higher lanthanide and actinide element concentrations. Bacteria support the element transfer since plants growing in inoculated environment developed a smaller root system but have higher trace element concentrations. Compared with the substratum, plants are light rare earth element (LREE) enriched. The vitrified bottom ash has to some extent been corroded by bacteria and plant activities as indicated by the presence of Nd (REE) and Sr from the vitrified waste in the plants. (87)Sr/(86)Sr and (143)Nd/(144)Nd isotope ratios of plants and soil components allow the identification of the corroded soil components and confirm that bacteria accelerate the assimilation of elements from the vitrified bottom ash. These findings are of importance for landfill disposal scenarios, and similar experiments should be performed in order to better constrain the processes of microbially mediated alteration of the MSW glasses in the biosphere.     

城市垃圾处理技术评述

城市垃圾的处理技术日益成熟和多样化,其宗旨是实现无害化、资源化、减量化。该文综合评述了目前世界各国对城市垃圾处理方法,分析了垃圾处理残余物的利用方法和效果。在此基础上,提出了适合我国城市垃圾处理的有效途径。     

Engineering properties for high kitchen waste content municipal solid waste

Engineering properties of municipal solid waste(MSW) depend largely on the waste's initial composition and degree of degradation.MSWs in developing countries usually have a high kitchen waste content(called HKWC MSW).After comparing and analyzing the laboratory and field test results of physical composition,hydraulic properties,gas generation and gas permeability,and mechanical properties for HKWC MSW and low kitchen waste content MSW(called LKWC MSW),the following findings were obtained:(1) HKWC MSW has a higher initial water content(IWC) than LKWC MSW,but the field capacities of decomposed HKWC and LKWC MSWs are similar;(2) the hydraulic conductivity and gas permeability for HKWC MSW are both an order of magnitude smaller than those for LKWC MSW;(3)compared with LKWC MSW,HKWC MSW has a higher landfill gas(LFG) generation rate but a shorter duration and a lower potential capacity;(4) the primary compression feature for decomposed HKWC MSW is similar to that of decomposed LKWC MSW,but the compression induced by degradation of HKWC MSW is greater than that of LKWC MSW;and(5) the shear strength of HKWC MSW changes significantly with time and strain.Based on the differences of engineering properties between these two kinds of MSWs,the geo-environmental issues in HKWC MSW landfills were analyzed,including high leachate production,high leachate mounds,low LFG collection efficiency,large settlement and slope stability problem,and corresponding advice for the management and design of HKWC MSW landfills was recommended.     

城市固体废弃物处理与环境岩土工程问题研究

城市固体废弃物填埋处置是当前环境岩土工程研究重点和热点,本文分析了城市垃圾的组成和处理方法,重点介绍了填埋处理的原理和工艺,分析了填埋体物理力学性质、卫生填埋场的防渗系统和边坡稳定等一系列环境岩土工程问题,讨论环境岩土工程在填埋处理中的应用和发展前景。