超声波分解醇类水溶液制氢

引言利用多种能源资源和发展高效、清洁的能源技术是能源发展的目标。氢能被认为是21世纪最有前途的新能源之一[1]。通过对有机废液的洁净转化获得氢能有重要的现实意义。甲醇水溶液超声波分     

甲醇制氢研究进展

介绍了制取氢气的常用原料。综述了用甲醇做原料制氢的研究进展,讨论了不同方式（裂化法、水蒸汽重整法、部分氧化法、自热重整法、等离子体法、电解法、超声波法）制氢技术的特点。目前甲醇气相重整技术较成熟,今后研究的重点是研制高效催化剂的制备、能量利用及氢气提纯方法。     

甲醇转化制氢和保护气技术

主要介绍了甲醇制氢的反应机理、工艺流程及应用前景。     

甲醇蒸汽重整制氢反应动力学研究进展

甲醇蒸汽重整制氢技术对于解决汽车、船舶等交通工具上燃料电池的氢源问题具有重要意义,近年来已成为碳氢燃料重整制氢的研究热点。本文首先综述了甲醇蒸汽重整制氢的5种反应机理,该方面的研究仍处于定性和推理阶段,尚未达成统一的结论。然后分析了甲醇蒸汽重整反应动力学的研究进展,发现大多研究是基于Cu系催化剂提出,反应温度集中在160～350℃,反应压力多为1atm,研究表明反应物水醇比最优值为1.3～1.4。最后,整理了研究中所提出的动力学模型,指出相较于单速率和三速率模型,双速率模型可反映产物中CO的含量及其对反应速率的影响,且模型相对简单,动力学方程的求解过程也相对容易,但其适用性还有待进一步验证。本文可为甲醇蒸汽重整制氢系统的设计与优化提供理论依据。     

甲醇制氢装置职业病危害因素分析与防治

产能为3000Nm3/h工业氢的甲醇制氢装置在企业预防和采取的有针对性措施合理、职业病危害防护措施运行正常及个体防护措施到位的情况下,其职业病危害可得到有效的缓解和控制。     

甲醇水裂解制氢装置的甲醇单耗分析

详细分析了亚联高科设计的1000Nm3／h甲醇水裂解制氢装置影响甲醇单耗的因素,并提出实际生产中这些因素具体的控制指标。结果表明：水醇比为1．5—2．0,反应温度为Cu系催化1剂最低活性温度,吸附压力达到设计允许最高值,吸附时间按试验数据模拟得出的值来设定,将会明显降低甲醇单耗。     

甲醇转化制氢工艺探讨

氢气在我国多个工业领域内应用广泛,具有密度小,能量高的特点,是未来的新型高能燃料之一,发展前景看好。削氢气的工业方法有许多。如热化学热分解光催化等多种。然而通过甲醇的分解转化制氢气是当前比较成熟和规模较大的一种,本文就结合笔者工作经验围绕着甲醇分解转化制氢气和变压吸附提纯制氢气两种方法浅谈制氢工艺。     

Enhanced hydrogen production from aqueous methanol solution using TiO2/Cu as photocatalysts

The photocatalytic hydrogen production from aqueous methanol solution using titanium dioxide (TiO₂) was investigated in the addition of metal particles including copper, lead, tin, and zinc. The results show that only the addition of copper particles enhances the hydrogen production. The copper usage and reaction temperature were further optimized for TiO₂/Cu photocatalyts. Under the optimal conditions, the hydrogen production using TiO₂/Cu as photocatalysts is approximately 68 times higher than that obtained with only TiO₂.     

Hydrogen production from methanol through dielectric barrier discharge

The hydrogen fuel cell is a promising option as a future energy resource and the production of hydrogen is mainly depended on fossil fuels now. In this paper, methanol reforming to produce H₂ through dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reaction was studied. Effects of the power supply parameters, reactor parameters and process conditions on conversion of methanol and distribution of products were investigated. The best reaction conditions were following: input power (45 W), material of inner electrode (stainless steel), discharge gap (3.40 mm), length of reaction zone (90.00 mm), dielectric thickness (1.25 mm), and methanol content (37.65%). The highest conversion of methanol and the yield of H₂ were 82.38% and 27.43%, respectively.     

臭氧/超声联合降解水中对氨基苯酚的动力学

采用臭氧/超声联合降解含对氨基苯酚模拟废水.研究了对氨基苯酚降解的影响因素和动力学,考察了反应液初始pH 值、反应物初始浓度、臭氧投量、反应温度对臭氧/超声降解对氨基苯酚反应速率的影响.结果表明,对氨基苯酚初始浓度为1000 mg·L^-1时,pH 11.0,臭氧投量88 mg·min^-1,超声密度0.3 W·ml^-1,常温下反应30 min后对氨基苯酚去除率达99％以上.对氨基苯酚的臭氧/超声降解符合表观一级动力学,得到幂指数方程描述反应动力学.     

甲醇酯化改性花生壳吸附水溶液中铬蓝黑

以花生壳为原料,甲醇为改性剂,制备了酯化改性花生壳吸附剂,并以其吸附水溶液中的铬蓝黑,考察了铬蓝黑的初始质量浓度、吸附时间、吸附剂粒径、温度等因素对改性花生壳吸附铬蓝黑过程的影响。分别采用拟一级和拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir,Freundlich等温式对吸附动力学和等温线进行分析。结果表明:酯化改性花生壳对铬蓝黑的吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程,吸附平衡符合Freundlich等温方程,吸附焓变ΔH>0,反应吉布斯自由能ΔG<0,表明该吸附过程为自发进行的吸热过程。甲醇酯化改性花生壳对去除水溶液中铬蓝黑效果好,是一种具有发展潜力的吸附剂。     

Hydrogen production from methanol by oxidative steam reforming carried out in a membrane reactor

The aim of this work is to study from an experimental point of view the oxidative steam reforming of methanol by investigating the behaviour of a dense Pd/Ag membrane reactor (MR) in terms of methanol conversion as well as hydrogen production. The main parameters considered are the operating temperature and the O₂/CH₃OH feed ratio. This is a pioneer work in the application of MR to this kind of reaction, whose goal should be to produce a CO-free hydrogen stream suitable for hydrogen fuel cell applications. The experimental results show that the MR gives methanol conversions higher than traditional reactors (TRs) at each temperature investigated, confirming the good potential of the membrane reactor device for this interesting reaction system.     

液液萃取分离乙酸甲酯与甲醇水溶液的模拟计算

设计了乙酸甲酯和甲醇水溶液错流萃取分离工艺,通过实验确定了以甘油和水的复合溶液作为分离乙酸甲酯和甲醇水溶液的最佳萃取溶剂。以UNIQUAC方程为计算活度系数的模型,采用色谱法测定了甲醇在甘油中的无限稀释活度系数,并利用单参数法计算UNIQUAC方程中的模型参数。采用相分配系数和物料守恒方程模拟错流萃取分离过程,建立了模拟计算程序框图。将模拟值和实验值进行比较,相对误差仅为0.01%。模拟结果表明:在理论级数N=3时,经过一次萃取乙酸甲酯质量分数可达99.7%以上,收率达97.0%,此结果为进一步研究提供理论依据。     

液下辉光放电等离子体重整低碳醇水溶液制氢

探讨了阴极液下辉光放电等离子体重整低碳醇水溶液制氢反应过程.比较了水溶液和低碳醇水混合溶液中阴极等离子体重整制氢实验,发现以低碳醇水溶液为等离子体重整介质时,低碳醇分子在阴极等离子体层中表现出明显高于水分子的反应活性,阴极气体单位体积能耗可以降至2.690×10³ kJ&#8226;m^-3,生成气体中氢气含量达95％,并有一氧化碳和二氧化碳.分析了电压对阴极生成气单位体积能耗和气体组成的影响,发现电压越高等离子体密度越大,阴极生成气单位体积能耗降低,被等离子体分解的溶剂溶质分子也越多.比较了不同浓度低碳醇溶液的产气情况,低碳醇浓度对生成气组成和单位体积能耗有重要影响.     

Hydrogen production by oxidative methanol reforming with various oxidants over Cu-based catalysts

In order to improve the start-up property of a small hydrogen producer with a micro methanol reformer, oxidative methanol reforming (OMR) with various oxidants over copper-based catalysts was examined. The addition of Fe to a Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalyst resulted in higher catalyst durability, with a slight improvement in catalytic activity, for OMR with air. However, the addition of larger amounts of Fe inhibited further improvement of catalytic performance, possibly due to the formation of less active CuFe₂O₄ spinel in the catalyst. The production of hydrogen by OMR with hydrogen peroxide as an alternative oxidant, which has the potential to provide concentrated hydrogen without nitrogen dilution, was also considered. It was found that hydrogen peroxide is an effective oxidant for OMR over copper-based catalysts due to its ability to suppress CO formation and its improving effect on methanol conversion.