航空薄壁件切削加工变形控制与实时监测研究

由于航空薄壁件刚度较低,工艺性差,容易发生切削变形,是机械加工中的难题。以减小航空薄壁件的变形为目标,采用有限元分析方法,分析工件在切削力作用下的变形;通过预先考虑薄壁件在切削力作用下的加工变形及其对应的变形回弹量,采用变形主动补偿的方法,在局部刀位点修正补偿刀具的切削深度。经有限元计算比较,补偿后刀位点的最大切削加工误差相对于补偿前降低95%以上,同时航空薄壁件的切削加工误差的分布更加均匀,误差值的变化波动范围更小;最后设计了一个切削力实时监测系统,对切削加工过程进行监测,形成了一种提高航空薄壁件切削加工精度的系统性方法。     

薄壁零件切削变形的研究现状综述

薄壁零件切削过程中的变形是高速加工领域的一个重要研究内容.介绍薄壁零件结构特点;分析薄壁零件切削变形的影响因素,表明工件的材料力学特性与结构特点、加工过程中毛坯初始残余应力的释放与重分布、切削过程中刀具与工件间的热-力耦合作用以及工件的装夹等是主要影响因素.并介绍目前国内外研究的发展状况.     

薄壁件射流镜像加工变形补偿研究

低刚度薄壁件在切削加工过程中因切削力而容易产生切削变形和切削振动等尺寸误差,文章对薄壁件在加工过程中受到的力进行分析,并针对薄壁件在切削过程中因受切削力作用而产生尺寸误差的现象,提出一种应用水射流镜像加工薄壁件的方法,以此减小薄壁件的尺寸误差。最后,通过实验验证了水射流镜像加工技术可有效的提高薄壁件的加工精度。     

航空叶片顶端修复过程的加工变形量分析

以航空叶片为研究对象,针对其使用磨损后的自适应修复加工过程,研究磨损叶片顶端激光熔覆后去除多余材料的加工方法。借助有限元分析软件,重点分析叶片顶端切削加工过程的变形问题;通过对不同装夹位置加工变形量的有限元分析及计算,揭示其加工变形规律,找出最优装夹位置;建立加工变形与切削力的关系,获得对应的误差补偿量;提出叶片加工的误差补偿方法,为叶片精密加工的变形误差补偿提供基础,从而实现薄型叶片的自适应修复加工。     

整体叶盘叶片加工补偿策略及实验研究

目的 降低航天发动机整体叶盘的加工误差,实现产品高精度化。方法 建立整体叶盘叶片加工变形量全局分布有限元模型,考虑补偿加工时刀具修正量与变形误差的耦合效应,采用多次迭代法计算叶片变形补偿量;提出反向重构几何模型补偿策略,利用补偿量对叶片几何轮廓进行重构,重新生成包含叶片变形误差信息的刀轨程序。通过某型号航空发动机整体叶盘叶片铣削加工实验和型面精度测量实验,对变形分布预测模型及所提出的反向重构模型补偿策略进行验证。结果 预测结果与实验结果有很好的吻合度,平均误差为7.96%;新的补偿策略数据嵌入方式高效,可显著降低加工过程中产生的变形误差,将成品精度控制在设计的许用公差范围以内。结论 所提方法可以明显提高整体叶盘叶片铣削加工质量,可为后续磨削加工提供更高型面精度的叶片零件。     

基于ABAQUS的薄壁圆筒零件车削加工变形补偿计算

利用有限元技术提出了薄壁零件车削加工变形补偿量计算的新思路:建立了薄壁圆筒零件车削加工的三维有限元模型,结合切削力计算公式、测量点的变形数据,借助ABAQUS二次开发技术(PYTHON语言)计算刀具补偿量.首先试验加工零件,通过记录零件加工前后尺寸,可以计算出变形量,然后建立参数化有限元模型,利用ABAQUS多步计算出加工过程中刀具受力点的支反力,通过数值方法(如最小二乘法、线性回归法)归纳出切削力计算公式,最后利用Abaqus软件的数据输入输出接口,修改工件车削加工的输入参数,通过多步循环施加栽荷,计算工件的弹性变形和刀具的实际吃刀深度,即可确定刀具轨迹.试验表明:所得计算结果可以直接应用于薄壁圆筒零件加工变形补偿,实现了刀具轨迹和切削参数的优化.     

钛合金侧铣加工残余应力与变形研究北大核心

为研究加工残余应力对钛合金薄壁结构变形的影响,利用有限元软件建立2D切削模型,分析每齿进给量与刀具刃口半径对加工表面残余应力的影响。利用切削仿真得到的残余应力对薄壁件进行变形仿真分析;分别以每齿进给量0.06、0.08 mm进行闭腔侧铣试验。结果表明:与实测值相比,仿真表面残余应力误差约为20%、最大变形量误差约为12%。所提方法具有一定的可靠性与可行性。     

薄壁零件切削参数优化系统研究

针对薄壁零件自身强度低、加工易变形的问题,通过优化调整切削参数的大小,进而调整动态切削力大小和控制切削状态,使因切削力影响造成薄壁零件的加工变形量能满足公差要求,且使加工状态始终处于稳定,降低切削震动造成的变形,从而实现薄壁零件的高精、高速、高效加工.     

基于工件表面误差的薄壁件切削力系数计算

切削力系数是计算评估机床切削力的重要参数之一.在对薄壁零件加工过程中的受力以及弹性变形进行分析的基础上,建立了基于加工零件表面误差求解切削力系数的理论模型.根据受力平衡原理,将三坐标测量的工件表面误差分配为工件和刀具弹性变形引起的误差,通过MATLAB工具代入理论模型求解切削力系数.通过将模型预测的切削力与实测切削力进行比较,结果显示模型预测的切削力波形吻合,预测切削力接近实测切削力的平均值.     

基于数控宏程序的细长轴加工误差补偿分析与实验

分析细长轴在加工过程中的受力和变形,建立切削力与切削变形的数学模型,基于数控宏程序编制加工程序,补偿由变形引起的背吃刀量的变化,实现细长轴加工误差的补偿.实践表明,采用该方法可以显著提高细长轴的加工质量.     

Predictive modeling of machining residual stresses considering tool edge effects

The surface integrity of machined components is defined by several characteristics, of which residual stress is extremely important. Residual stress is known to have an effect on critical mechanical properties such as fatigue life, corrosion cracking resistance, and dimensional tolerance of machined components. Among the factors that affect residual stress in machined parts are cutting parameters and tool geometry. This paper presents a method of modeling residual stress for hone-edge cutting tools in turning. The model utilizes analytical cutting force models in conjunction with an approximate algorithm for elastic–plastic rolling/sliding contact. Oxley’s cutting force model is coupled with a slip line model proposed by Waldorf to estimate the cutting forces, which are in turn used to estimate the stress distribution between the tool and the workpiece. A rolling/sliding contact model, which captures kinematic hardening, is used to predict the machining residual stresses. Additionally, a moving heat source model is applied to determine the temperature rise in the workpiece due to the cutting forces. The model predictions are compared with experimental data for the turning of AISI 52100. Force predictions compare well with experimental results. Similarly, the predicted residual stress distributions correlate well with the measured residual stresses in terms of magnitude of stresses and depth of penetration.     

刀具走刀方式对TC11薄壁件铣削表面质量影响规律研究

目的研究TC11薄壁件铣削加工过程中刀具走刀方式对加工表面质量的影响规律。方法采用单因素试验法,进行了钛合金薄壁件的铣削试验,得到了TC11薄壁件铣削刀具走刀方式对表面粗糙度、表面残余应力和表面显微硬度的影响规律。结果对于TC11薄壁件铣削,HU(水平向上)走刀方式获得的表面粗糙度为0.46μm,VU(垂直向上)走刀方式获得的表面粗糙度为0.74μm。两种走刀方式获得的表面残余应力均为压应力,VU走刀方式下的残余应力比HU走刀方式下的残余应力大。另外,随着加工深度的增加,两种走刀方式获得的残余应力值都减小,HU走刀方式下试件的残余应力影响层深度为65μm,VU走刀方式下的残余应力影响层深度为43μm。两种走刀方式下的显微硬度均呈现先软化再硬化,最后趋近于基体硬度的趋势,VU走刀方式下工件的硬化程度比HU走刀方式下稍严重。结论刀具的走刀方式对TC11薄壁件铣削加工表面各特征量的影响规律不相同。对于加工表面粗糙度,HU走刀方式能够获得更好的加工表面粗糙度。对于加工表面残余应力,两种走刀方式获得的残余应力属性相同,但数值不同。随着加工深度的增加,两种走刀方式获得的残余应力变化规律相同,但最大影响深度有所区别。对于加工表面显微硬度,两种走刀方式的影响规律一致,但工件的硬化程度有所区别。     

薄壁零件的车削加工技术研究

针对薄壁零件加工中容易出现变形的特点,分析了薄壁工件车削中产生变形的原因并主要就薄壁零件的夹具设计提出相应的解决方案,同时列举了一些典型薄壁零件的夹具方案,作为工程实践中的参考。     

基于ABAQUS软件二次开发的大型曲面薄壁件加工变形预测

针对无法连续模拟大型曲面薄壁件铣削加工变形的问题,利用Python脚本语言对ABAQUS软件的前处理模块进行了二次开发,通过开发的切削力动态加载Python脚本程序,解决了大尺寸曲面薄壁件加工变形的预测问题。实例模拟计算表明,仿真结果符合实际规律,证明利用有限元二次开发技术可以较好地预测大型曲面薄壁件的加工变形,为其在其他领域的应用提供了参考。     

Deformation prediction and error compensation in multilayer milling processes for thin-walled parts

Deformation prediction and error compensation are effective approaches to improve machining accuracy in milling thin-walled parts. In this paper, it is considered that the machining deformation of the previous layer will influence the nominal cutting depth of the current layer. Therefore, a dynamical model is established to predict the deformation in multilayer machining a thin-walled part. The coupling relation between cutting force and machining deformation is taken into account using iterative computation. The dynamical model is validated by comparing the simulation result with the experimental one. A new approach of active error compensation is proposed, in which the machining error is compensated at each layer. By comparing the simulation results of compensation at the last layer with the results of compensation at per-layer, a conclusion is drawn that compensation at per-layer makes smaller machining errors and the errors are more uniform.     

薄壁件铣削加工刀具几何参数优化

针对汽车检具薄壁件铣削变形问题,通过改变铣刀的几何参数建立铣削单因素和三因素四水平的正交实验。利用有限元软件AdvantEdge和ABAQUS分别对铣削加工过程和加工残余应力引起的变形进行仿真,研究不同的刀具几何参数对工件变形的影响。采用田口法分析了刀具几何参数对加工变形的综合影响程度。结果表明:刀具后角对工件加工变形影响的最为显著,螺旋角次之,前角最不显著;获得AA5083铣削的铣刀刀具几何参数组合。通过实验对优化后的刀具几何参数的正确性进行验证,证明该方法是检具薄壁件加工中刀具几何参数优化选择的一种有效的方法。     

The prediction of cutting force in ball-end milling

Due to the development of CNC machining centers and automatic programming software, the ball-end milling have become the most widely used machining process for sculptured surfaces. In this study, the ball-end milling process has been analysed, and its cutting force model has been developed to predict the instantaneous cutting force on given machining conditions. The development of the model is based on the analysis of cutting geometry of the ball-end mill with plane rake faces. A cutting edge of the ball-end mill was considered as a series of infinitesimal elements, and the geometry of a cutting edge element was analysed to calculate the necessary parameters for its oblique cutting process assuming that each cutting edge was straight. The oblique cutting process in the small cutting edge element has been analysed as an orthogonal cutting process in the plane containing the cutting velocity and chip flow vectors. And with the orthogonal cutting data obtained from end turning tests on thin-walled tubes over wide range of cutting and tooling conditions, the cutting forces of ball-end milling could be predicted using the model. The predicted cutting forces have shown a fairly good agreement with test results in various machining modes.     

Machining induced residual stress in structural aluminum parts

Machining operations of aluminum structural parts are typically carried out under high feeds and high cutting speeds. Under these conditions, high thermomechanical loads are exerted on the workpiece, which may result in changes in the subsurface material. Residual stresses can be one of the machining induced changes and can lead to considerable rejection rates caused by part distortion. Due to their significant economic importance, it is essential to understand the influence of the machining process on the residual stresses in aluminum. This paper presents the influence of the machining parameters as well as the cutting edge geometry on residual stress of workpieces made out of a forged aluminum alloy.