预应力砂带磨削钛合金表面完整性的试验研究

为了提高钛合金加工表面的抗疲劳性和抗腐蚀性,基于预应力砂带磨削原理,进行不同预应力条件(0、100 MPa和200 MPa)下的钛合金砂带磨削试验。通过检测、分析不同预应力条件下磨削后工件的表面完整性,获得不同预应力对工件表面残余应力、粗糙度、硬度及表面形貌的影响规律;并在砂带磨粒模型的基础上,揭示预应力砂带磨削对残余应力和表面形貌的作用机理。结果表明:在材料的弹性范围内施加预应力并进行磨削能够主动加强工件表面的残余压应力状态;随着预应力的增加,残余压应力的大小呈现逐渐递增的趋势;预应力砂带磨削对表面硬度的影响甚小,且在一定范围内不随预应力的变化而变化;采用预应力砂带磨削能够得到较好的表面形貌,但会使粗糙度有微量增加。     

干式磨削ANSI D2淬硬模具钢的表面完整性实验研究

干式磨削具有加工效率高、加工成本低、环境污染小等优势,广泛应用于模具加工制造行业。作为零件制造工艺链的最后环节,磨削加工后的工件表面完整性决定了产品质量和使用寿命。以淬硬模具钢ANSI D2为加工对象,通过实验研究干式磨削条件下磨削淬硬模具钢的加工表面完整性,分析并确定了进给速度、磨削深度等磨削参数对磨削表面层的组织结构、表面层显微硬度、加工表面粗糙度、残余应力分布等表面特性的影响规律,为制订合理的磨削参数、实现淬硬模具钢干式磨削工艺的优化提供指导。     

轴承钢顺次磨削表面残余应力离散度试验研究

以轴承钢顺次磨削表面的残余应力离散度为研究对象,基于X射线衍射法顺次测试了轴承套圈淬硬热处理、粗磨、精磨和超精磨削后,轴承滚道表面环向和轴向残余应力.测试结果表明,淬硬热处理工件的残余应力标准差约为超精工序的3倍;淬硬热处理轴承套圈经超精磨削工序,其表面的环向和轴向残余应力离散度降至20 MPa.研究表明淬硬轴承钢热处理及同一道磨削工序工件表面残余应力存在较大离散性,"粗磨-精磨-超精"顺次磨削工艺叠加后,工件表面残余应力离散度呈现收敛性;淬硬热处理轴承套圈经过顺次磨削工序叠加加工后,表面残余压应力平均值获得大幅提高.这为进一步系统揭示磨削工艺对淬硬轴承钢套圈表面残余应力及其离散度影响规律提供了科学数据.     

磨削用量对40Cr钢磨削淬硬层的影响

以平面磨削淬硬试验为基础，研究了磨削用量对40Cr钢磨削淬硬层组织与性能的影响。结果表明，在磨削淬硬加工中的热、力耦合作用下，磨削用量对磨削淬硬层的马氏体组织形貌及其高硬度区硬度值无显著影响，其高硬度值均在HV630～HV680之间。随着磨削速度的提高、磨削深度的增加或工件进给速度的降低，磨削淬硬层表面残余压应力值相应减小，但淬硬层深度以及应力作用深度相应增加。     

金刚石砂轮平面磨削TC4钛合金的表面完整性研究

以TC4钛合金为研究对象,在乳化液条件下采用金刚石砂轮对TC4钛合金进行平面磨削试验,对比分析在不同粒度和磨削用量下的磨削表面粗糙度、显微硬度、表面层微观组织及表面残余应力的变化规律.结果 表明:砂轮线速度和磨削深度对零件表面粗糙度和显微硬度的影响比较显著;磨削深度对表面残余应力的影响最大,工件速度次之;从工件表面层微观组织以及砂轮粒度对工件表面粗糙度的影响看,砂轮粒度号越大,砂轮磨削的工件表面质量越好.金刚石砂轮在乳化液条件下磨削TC4钛合金,磨削工件表面均为残余压应力,有利于提高零件的寿命.     

金属表面改性的预应力磨削机理研究

本文提出了利用预张应力磨削来提高磨削加工的表面质量问题。建立了预应力磨削的理论分析模型,较透彻地阐述了预应力磨削对表面残余应力的影响。还就各种磨削条件和装恶化条件对磨削加工中表面残余应力的存在与分布,以及对工件几何精度的影响进行了试验研究。并探讨了这种对金属表面改性有利的新磨削工艺的可行性与实用性。     

磨削速度对工件磨削淬硬层表面残余应力分布的影响

磨削加工广泛运用于精密零件的生产及加工,然而磨削加工所带来的一些危害仍然是无法避免的而残余应力是主要的危害之一。通过磨削淬硬加工试验得出了不同磨削速度下残余应力的分布并且通过有限元软件ANSYS对工件表层热应力进行数值模拟从而推导出不同磨削速度下工件表层相变应力的分布情况。     

硬态切削与磨削工艺的表面完整性

硬态切削具有良好的加工柔性、经济性和环保性,在对工件性能起关键作用的精加工中,已成为磨削加工的有力挑战者。表面完整性是评价加工质量和工件机械性能的重要指标。本文介绍了硬态切削和磨削工艺的加工表面完整性(包括白层、表面形貌、表面粗糙度、表面残余应力、表面硬化层等),并对二者进行了比较。此外,还分析了硬态切削与磨削工艺相互结合的应用前景。     

硬态车削对18CrNiMo7-6钢表面完整性影响研究

介绍了硬态车削淬硬钢表面粗糙度与表层残余应力研究现状。通过设计单因素试验,对硬态车削18CrNiMo7-6渗碳钢圆棒试样的三维表面粗糙度与表层残余应力进行分析,探究硬态车削工艺参数对淬硬钢表面完整性的影响规律。结果表明干式硬态车削18CrNiMo7-6渗碳钢可获得较好的表面三维粗糙度与残余压应力,残余应力沿深度方向分布表现为先增大至最大值后逐渐减小至稳定值。在硬态车削过程中,进给速度对工件表面完整性影响最大,切削速度影响次之,背吃刀量影响最小。     

轴承滚道磨削表面完整性的离散度研究

以轴承滚道磨削表面完整性离散度作为研究对象,设计基于砂轮转速、工件转速和进给量的正交试验。分别测试了磨削试验后滚道残余应力、残余奥氏体、硬度、磨削变质层厚度和粗糙度等参数,计算了这些参数的均值和标准差。研究结果表明,随着砂轮转速的升高,残余应力和粗糙度的标准差逐渐减小;残余奥氏体,硬度和磨削变质层厚度的标准差保持稳定。最后选取了基于表面完整性离散度的最佳磨削工艺参数。     

Experiment research on grind-hardening of AISI5140 steel based on thermal compensation

The grind-hardening process utilizes the heat generated to induce martensitic phase transformation. However, the maximum achievable harden layer depth is limited due to high grinding forces, and the tensile residual stress appears on the ground surface in the grind-hardening process. This paper proposes a new grind-hardening technology using thermal compensation. The workpiece of AISI5140 steel is preheated by electric resistance heating, and ground under the condition of the workpiece temperature 25°C, 120°C, 180°C and 240°C. The grinding force, harden layer depth and surface quality including residual stress on ground surface, surface roughness and micro-hardness are investigated. The experimental results show that a deep harden layer with a fine grain martensite can be obtained with the thermal compensation. The ground workpiece surface produces a certain compressive residual stress, and the residual compressive stress value increases with preheating temperature. As the preheating temperature increases, grinding force slightly decreases, while there is slightly increment of surface roughness. Compared with the conventional grind-hardening process, both the harden layer depth and residual stress distribution are significantly improved.

     

切削液对叶片材料N87铣削加工表面质量的影响研究

汽轮机叶片的表面质量是影响汽轮机动力学性能和工作效率的一个主要因素。本文以制造汽轮机某级叶片的材料N87为研究对象,通过多因素工艺实验,分析了铣削时切削液的浇注压力和浇注方向对材料表面质量的影响。验结果表明切削液喷射压力升高降低了工件表面进给方向的残余拉应力,提高了垂直于进给方向的压应力。工件的表面粗糙度也大大降低,同时已加工表面的撕裂和犁沟也减小,表面形貌得到改善。相比切出方向而言,从切入方向喷入切削液可以更好起到提高材料表面质量的作用。本文研究结论将对合理利用切削液和提高材料表面质量有一定的指导意义。     

基于ANSYS的磨削残余应力场仿真研究

作为影响工件表面完整性的关键因素之一,残余应力影响工件强度,在制造时会导致产生变形和开裂等工艺缺陷,同时在制造后的自然释放过程中也会导致材料的疲劳强度、应力腐蚀等力学性能降低。本文借助有限元分析软件ANSYS,采用热—力顺序耦合方法,建立了平面磨削残余应力场的有限元模型。该模型能够动态反映磨削加工过程中工件表层残余应力的变化情况。在此基础上,分析了不同磨削参数对工件表层残余应力的影响,从计算机仿真角度对磨削加工工艺参数进行了优化。仿真结果表明,在磨削过程中,工件表层同时存在着残余拉应力和残余压应力,与其他磨削参数相比,磨削深度对残余应力的影响最为显著。     

18CrNiMo7-6钢高速外圆磨削的残余应力

为探究高速外圆磨削工艺对18CrNiMo7-6钢残余应力层分布的影响,使用陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮进行高速磨削试验,对砂轮线速度vs、工件线速度vw、砂轮径向进给速度vfr和砂轮粒度等工艺参数进行了单因素试验分析;设计制作了圆柱工件外圆面辅助剖层夹具,采用X射线衍射仪对工件应力分布进行检测。研究结果表明：高速磨削工艺为工件表面引入残余压应力,工件表面残余压应力随vs的提高小幅增大,vw和vfr对工件表面残余应力的影响规律不明显;X、Y方向的残余应力分布趋势基本一致,但Y方向的应力略大;vfr对残余应力分布影响较大,应力影响层深达到100～150 μm,应力分布中出现残余拉应力;vs对残余应力分布的影响小于vfr的影响,60 m/s时的残余应力呈“塔”形分布;vw没有明显影响规律;230/270粒度的砂轮对残余应力分布影响较大,应力影响层深为80～100 μm,120/140、W20粒度的砂轮影响较为接近;辅助剖层夹具有效提高了圆柱工件残余应力的检测精度和效率,检测效率提高一倍以上。     

Surface finishing of flat pieces when submitted to lapping kinematics on abrasive disc dressed under several overlap factors

In machining of pieces that require surface finishing levels finer than grinding can offer, it is necessary to use specific finishing processes. However, these processes, which have lapping as the most classic representative, are usually difficult to setup and demand much time in setting the large number of variables. This paper discusses the investigation of an abrasive process for finishing of flat workpieces based on the combination of important grinding and lapping characteristics. Instead of loosing abrasive grains between the workpiece and the lapping plate, a resinoid grinding wheel of hot-pressed silicon carbide is fixed on the plate of a device resembling to a lapping machine. The grinding wheel is dressed with a single-point diamond for maintaining its form flat and mainly for interfering in the workpieces surface finishing by varying of the overlap factor (Ud). It was noticed that the studied process can simplify the setup and make it easier than in lapping, which is a painstaking process. The surface roughness values and flatness deviations showed to be comparable to those achieved in lapping, or even better. The best surface roughness and flatness deviation found were Ra = 0.8 nm and 0.4 μm with Ud = 3, respectively. The workpiece material was made of quenched and tempered SAE 4340 steel, reaching a hardness of 60 HRC. The process was also monitored by acoustic emission (AE), which indicates to be a promising and suitable technique to be used in this process. Compared to lapping, there is an additional advantage of a less contaminated workpiece surface with a shiny appearance.     

强化研磨时工件转速对轴承套圈表面加工质量的影响

强化研磨是一种基于复合加工方法的抗疲劳、抗腐蚀、抗磨损金属材料精密加工技术,利用该技术可加工出具有残余应力的轴承套圈。为了提高强化研磨轴承套圈的加工质量,在其他工艺参数保持不变的情况下,对工件转速进行了单一变量试验,通过检测轴承套圈内圈沟道表面粗糙度与硬度的变化,分析了工件转速对加工质量的影响及作用机制。     

硬质合金工件精磨表面粗糙度及平面度的试验研究

通过对硬质合金工件的磨削试验,分析了不同砂轮对工件表面粗糙度的影响,优选出可获得最佳表面质量的砂轮。通过将Matlab应用于磨削表面平面度检测的数学建模,提高了工件平面度的检测精度。     

Investigating the Tribological Characteristics of Burnished Polyoxymethylene—ANFIS and FE Modeling

ABSTRACT

Polymers are utilized in numerous tribological applications because of their excellent characteristics; for example, accommodating shock loading and shaft misalignment. A high surface finish is required to ensure consistently good performance and extended service life of manufactured polymeric components. Burnishing is the best choice as a finishing process for this study due to its ability to increase hardness, fatigue strength, and wear resistance and also introduce compressive residual stress on the burnished workpiece. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of the machining processes, soft computing techniques are preferred for anticipating the performance of the machining processes. In this study, ANFIS as an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system was applied to anticipate the workpiece hardness and surface roughness after the roller burnishing process. Five burnishing variables, including burnishing depth, feed rate, speed, roller width, and lubrication mode, were analyzed. A Gauss membership function was used for the training process in this study. The predicted surface roughness and hardness data were compared with experimental results and indicated that the Gauss membership function in ANFIS has satisfying accuracy as high as 97% for surface roughness and 96% for hardness. Furthermore, the generated compressive residual stress on the burnished surface was studied by a 2D finite element model (FEM). The simulated results of residual stress were validated with the experimental results obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests.