低量Y3+掺杂对TiO2光催化活性的影响

利用溶胶-凝胶法在煅烧温度600 ℃制备了不同Y3 掺杂量的纳米TiO2粉体,并用XRD技术对样品进行了表征.研究了Y3 掺杂量对样品相结构、晶粒尺寸和光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性的影响,利用相结构与纳米TiO2光催化活性关系探讨了Y3 掺杂对纳米TiO2的光催化活性.结果表明,适量掺杂Y3 可以提高其光催化活性.当Y3 掺杂量为0.04%, 纳米TiO2粉体的光催化活性最佳,降解率为94.6%,其金红石相含量为9.8%,平均粒径为12 nm,Y3 掺杂强烈地抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,减小晶粒尺寸这两方面均有利于提高光催化活性.     

铕掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化甲酸制氢研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯锐钛矿相的纳米Eu/TiO2粉末,少量铕的掺杂可抑制TiO2晶粒的增长,提高其光催化产氢性能.研究结果表明,铕的掺杂量为5%、煅烧温度为500℃、煅烧时间为2h条件下制备的Eu/TiO2光催化产氢性能最好.以甲酸水溶液为牺牲剂,分别考察Eu/TiO2用量、甲酸初始浓度、溶液pH对产氢过程的影响.结果表明,最佳的Eu/TiO2用量为0.08g/L时,最大氢气产量为204mL;甲酸初始浓度为0.08mol/L,此时每摩尔甲酸的氢气转化率约为5930mL;当溶液pH为3时,甲酸的氢气转化率最高.     

铈掺杂TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纯的及掺杂不同量Ce的TiO2纳米粒子,利用UV-Vis漫反射光谱及XRD等对所制备样品进行表征和解释,以高压汞灯为光源,甲基橙水溶液的脱色为模型反应,研究了CeO2/TiO2的光催化降解反应活性.实验发现掺杂Ce的TiO2纳米粒子反射光谱特性向可见光方向红移到了500 nm;掺杂Ce的TiO2纳米粒子比纯的TiO2纳米粒子对光的吸收率高、吸收能力强;掺杂的Ce4+仅有少量进入TiO2晶格中,而大部分的Ce4+没有进入TiO2晶格中,而是以小团簇的CeO2形态均匀地分散在TiO2纳米粒子中或者是覆盖在其表面上,说明掺杂Ce能提高TiO2光催化反应活性,且掺杂Ce量有最佳值.实验结果表明在TiO2中掺杂Ce的摩尔百分含量为2%,甲基橙起始浓度为20 mg·L-1,CeO2/TiO2用量为0.400 g,双氧水用量为5.88 mmol·L-1,pH值为6.4时,光照8 h,甲基橙的脱色率可达96.8%.     

Gd/TiO2气相光催化降解乙烯的动力学研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备了Gd3 掺杂TiO2光催化剂Gd/TiO2,以乙烯作为模拟污染物进行气相光催化降解实验,研究乙烯的流速、催化剂的粒径、热效应、反应温度等动力学因素对光催化降解反应的影响.结果表明,乙烯的流速≥20mL·min-1时,光催化活性趋于稳定;粒径大小对光催化活性基本上没有影响.乙烯在纯TiO2和Gd/TiO2样品上的光催化氧化是一级反应,光催化活性随着反应温度的升高而增强,其中,Gd/TiO2样品的光催化性能随反应温度的变化更显著.纯TiO2和Gd/TiO2样品的表观活化能分别为21.5 kJ·mol-1和16.3 kJ·mol-1,反应活化能降低,反应速率加快可能是纯TiO2掺杂Gd3 后光催化活性提高的动力学方面的原因.     

La掺杂SiO_2/TiO_2纳米粉体的制备及其光催化性能

采用并流中和法制备了La掺杂的SiO2包覆TiO2纳米粒子,利用X射线衍射(XRD),傅立叶交换红外光谱(FT-IR),透射电镜(TEM)及紫外可见光吸收(UV-Vis)光谱对掺杂改性前后样品进行表征。以紫外光照降解甲基橙为测试体系,研究了La掺杂量及煅烧温度对SiO2/TiO2光催化性能的影响,并对其作用机制做了初步的探讨。FT-IR表明在包覆层和纳米TiO2颗粒之间的界面上形成了Ti-O-Si和Ti-OLa键,从而抑制了金红石相的形成,提高了热稳定性,和XRD分析结果一致,掺杂了La的SiO2/TiO2在800℃时金红石相的含量仍然比较低,和120℃时的含量相当;TEM照片显示改性后的TiO2团聚减小,粒度均匀。UV-Vis光谱分析显示La掺杂SiO2/TiO2的光响应范围拓宽至可见光区,其中光吸收红移最大的样品为3.0%La掺杂量的SiO2/TiO2,带隙能(Eg)由原来的2.98 eV降为为2.41 eV。光催化性能实验结果显示当La的摩尔掺杂量为3.0%时,其光催化活性最好,光照20 min,与未掺杂改性的TiO2相比甲基橙的光降解率提高了55.1%;另外,未掺杂TiO2煅烧温度对光催化影响显著,当温度由120℃增加为800℃时,光照25 min的降解率就由69%降为10.7%,而掺La的SiO2/TiO2煅烧温度对其光催化性能影响不大。     

纳米TiO2光催化剂掺杂改性的研究进展

以光催化材料TiO2为研究对象,从金属、非金属掺杂及共掺杂改性出发,介绍了近些年来TiO2光催化剂与金属、非金属、双金属、双非金属、金属与非金属共掺杂的研究现状.研究发现:当对TiO2进行双元素共掺杂,且掺人元素及最适当时,能使TiO2的光催化性能进一步提高.     

金属离子掺杂TiO2薄膜的光催化性能研究

在TiO2薄膜中掺入杂质离子是改善TiO2薄膜光催化活性的重要方法，不同金属离子的掺杂能不同程度的提高TiO2薄膜的光催化性能，使TiO2薄膜光催化剂在优化降解大气和水中的污染物等方面具有十分广阔的应用前景。本研究对近年来利用各种金属离子掺杂方式提高TiO2薄膜光催化性能的研究现状进行了综述。     

水热法制备稀土掺杂纳米TiO_2薄膜及光催化降解性能研究

以Ti(SO4)2水溶液为前驱物,尿素为沉淀剂,采用水热法在玻璃基片上制备了稀土离子掺杂的TiO2薄膜。以薄膜对紫外光吸收值为指标,考察了水热反应时间、镀膜次数、掺杂稀土离子的种类、掺杂量对紫外光吸收性能的影响,确定了掺杂薄膜最佳制备条件:在1.0mol/L尿素溶液中,温度为160℃,反应10h,镀膜两次,稀土最佳掺杂量为n(La)=0.9%或n(Eu)=1.1%(n为摩尔比),掺镧元素的效果好于掺铕元素。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的TiO2薄膜的相结构及形貌进行了分析和表征,结果表明,所制备的薄膜均匀、致密、无可视缺陷。以甲基橙为光催化降解的探针化合物,探讨了TiO2薄膜光催化降解性能,结果表明,掺杂稀土离子的TiO2薄膜对光催化降解性能远优于未掺杂的TiO2薄膜。     

La、Ho掺杂 TiO2光催化抗菌材料的制备与抗菌性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合旋转涂膜法制备了La、Ho掺杂TiO2光催化抗菌材料.以大肠杆菌为实验菌种,普通日光灯为光源,考察了旋转速度、稀土掺杂量、涂膜层数、烧结温度、烧结时间等因素对材料抗菌性能的影响.并采用SEM、XRD、TG-DSC等方法对材料进行了表征.结果表明,稀土掺杂TiO2光催化抗菌材料在普通日光灯照射下具备较强的抗菌性能.当旋转速度1100r/min,镧掺杂量为x(La)=0.3%、烧结温度550℃、烧结时间1.5 h、涂膜层数为3层时,La-TiO2抗菌性能最佳;旋转速度1100r/min,钬掺杂量为x(Ho)=0.4%、烧结温度600℃、烧结时间1 h、涂膜层数为2层时,Ho-TiO2抗菌性能较好,且La掺杂TiO2光催化材料抗菌性能优于Ho掺杂TiO2光催化材料,其1.5h杀菌率达92.21%.     

低量Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂TiO2制备及催化活性

利用溶胶-凝胶法在煅烧温度540℃制备了纯的和不同Gd^3＋／^3＋共掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体,并用XRD技术对样品进行了表征。研究了Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共杂量对样品相结构、晶粒尺寸和光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性的影响,利用相结构与纳米TiO2光催化活性关系探讨了Gd^2＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂对纳米TiO2的光催化活性。结果表明,与纯TiO2相比,适量共掺杂Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋可以显著提高其光催化活性。当Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂量为0．04％／0．04％,Ti02纳米粉体的光催化活性最佳,降解率为89．96％,其金红石相含量为32％,平均晶粒粒径为30nm,Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂强烈地抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,减小晶粒尺寸这两方面均有利于提高光催化活性。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.