A Solution to the Combined Economic and Emission Dispatch Using Hybrid PSOGSA Algorithm

This article presents a new hybrid algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) for solving the combined economic and emission dispatch (CEED) problem in power systems. Performance of this approach for the CEED problem is studied and evaluated on three test systems with 3, 6, and 40 generating units, with various cost curve nature and different constraints. The results obtained are compared to those reported in the recent literature. Those results show that the proposed algorithm provides an effective and robust high-quality solution of the CEED problem.     

New optimization method based on energy management in microgrids based on energy storage systems and combined heat and power

Microgrids can be assumed as a solution model for green energy sources, energy storage systems, and combined heat and power (CHP) systems. In this work, the cost and emission minimization based on a demand response (DR) program is considered an optimization problem. To solve the mentioned problem a new multiobjective optimization algorithm (improved particle swarm optimization) is proposed based on a fuzzy mechanism to select the optimal value. The microgrid system includes two CHP units, fuel cell and battery systems, and the heat buffer tank. In this problem, two different feasible operating regions have been assumed in CHPs. Accordingly, to decrease the operational cost, time-of-use, and real-time pricing DR programs have been simulated, and the impacts of the mentioned models are evaluated overload profiles. The effectiveness of proposed models has been applied on different cases studies by different scenarios. The proposed model solved the DR program, time of use-DR and real-time pricing-DR problems. The proposed model could reduce the cost about 10%.     

基于反馈神经网络的稀疏信号恢复的优化算法

针对稀疏信号的重构问题,提出了一种基于反馈神经网络（RNN）的优化算法。首先,需要对信号进行稀疏表示,将数学模型化为优化问题;接着,基于l₀范数是非凸且不可微的函数,并且该优化问题是NP难的,因此在测量矩阵A满足有限等距性质（RIP）的前提下,提出等价优化问题;最后,通过建立相应的Hopfield反馈神经网络模型来解决等价的优化问题,从而实现稀疏信号的重构。实验结果表明,在不同观测次数m下,对比RNN算法和其他三种算法的相对误差,发现RNN算法相对误差小,且需要的观测数也少,能够高效地重构稀疏信号。     

Quantum-behaved bat algorithm for many-objective combined economic emission dispatch problem using cubic criterion function

In this research, a quantum computing idea based bat algorithm (QBA) is proposed to solve many-objective combined economic emission dispatch (CEED) problem. Here, CEED is represented using cubic criterion function to reduce the nonlinearities of the system. Along with economic load dispatch, emissions of SO₂, NO_x, and CO₂ are considered as separate three objectives, thus making it a four-objective (many-objective) optimization problem. A unit-wise price penalty factor is considered here to convert all the objectives into a single objective in order to compare the final results with other previously used methods like Lagrangian relaxation (LR), particle swarm optimization, and simulated annealing. QBA is applied in six-unit power generation system for four different loads. The obtained results show QBA successfully solve many-objective CEED problem with greater superiority than other methods found in the literature in terms of quality results, robustness, and computational performance. In the end of this paper, a detailed future research direction is provided based on the simulation results and its analysis. The outcome of this research demonstrates that the inclusion of quantum computing idea in metaheuristic technique provides a useful and reliable tool for solving such many-objective optimization problem.

     

Robust output-feedback controller design via local BMI optimization

The problem of designing a globally optimal full-order output-feedback controller for polytopic uncertain systems is known to be a non-convex NP-hard optimization problem, that can be represented as a bilinear matrix inequality optimization problem for most design objectives. In this paper a new approach is proposed to the design of locally optimal controllers. It is iterative by nature, and starting from any initial feasible controller it performs local optimization over a suitably defined non-convex function at each iteration. The approach features the properties of computational efficiency, guaranteed convergence to a local optimum, and applicability to a very wide range of problems. Furthermore, a fast (but conservative) LMI-based procedure for computing an initially feasible controller is also presented. The complete approach is demonstrated on a model of one joint of a real-life space robotic manipulator.     

基于动态惩罚因子的改进蚱蜢算法求解经济负荷调度和经济排放联合调度问题

电力生产装置运行中各种燃料的成本逐步增加,需要最小化成本函数以求解此类复杂经济负荷调度问题.鉴于此,提出一种基于动态惩罚因子的改进蚱蜢算法求解经济负荷调度(economic load dispatch, ELD)问题和经济排放联合调度(combined economic emission dispatch, CEED)问题.为了提高蚱蜢算法(grasshopper optimization algorithm, GOA)性能,提出一种改进的混合蚱蜢算法(hybrid grasshopper optimization algorithm, HGOA),将重力搜索算子和鸽群搜索算子-地标算子加入GOA中,增强算法的搜索能力,平衡算法的勘探和开发.同时,为了更好地解决ELD和CEED问题中的约束问题,提出6个惩罚函数,包括2个V型函数、反正切函数、反正弦函数、线性函数和二次函数,并使用动态惩罚策略代替传统的固定值惩罚策略.选取3个ELD问题案例和4个CEED问题案例验证所提出方法的有效性,实验结果表明, HGOA相较于其他元启发式算法在求解质量上表现更好,且动态惩罚策略比固定值惩罚策略效果更...     

Recurrent neural network based prediction of epileptic seizures in intra- and extracranial EEG

Predicting the onset of epileptic seizure is an important and difficult biomedical problem, which has attracted substantial attention of the intelligent computing community over the past two decades. We apply recurrent neural networks (RNN) combined with signal wavelet decomposition to the problem. We input raw EEG and its wavelet-decomposed subbands into RNN training/testing, as opposed to specific signal features extracted from EEG. To the best of our knowledge this approach has never been attempted before. The data used included both scalp and intracranial EEG recordings obtained from two epileptic patients. We demonstrate that the existence of a “preictal” stage (immediately preceding seizure) of some minutes duration is quite feasible.     

无线携能通信系统中基于人工噪声的波束成形算法研究

在存在多天线窃听者的情况下,研究了无线携能通信系统的物理层安全传输问题。传统上,人工噪声方案是一种保证物理层安全通信的有效策略。因此,提出了一种人工噪声辅助的波束成形算法,以提高信息与能量联合传输的安全性。该算法在满足多项约束（接收端能量采集门限、信息泄漏控制指标和发送功率）的基础上,通过优化波束成形预编码矩阵和人工噪声实现无线携能通信系统的物理层安全通信。在数学上该算法是一个非凸优化问题,不易求解。为此,首先引入最小均方误差接收算法和连续凸近似方法将其转换为凸的二阶锥规划子问题,然后对该凸问题进行迭代求解。仿真结果表明,该算法能够在保证窃听者无法解码信息的同时,实现信息和能量的联合传输,并且算法收敛速度快。     

基于改进的鲸鱼优化算法在ELD上的应用

针对电力系统经济负荷分配这一典型的非凸、非线性、组合优化问题,提出一种将基于自适应权重更新策略和差分进化的随机变异策略的鲸鱼优化优化算法(ADWOA)相结合。该算法首先在鲸鱼优化算法中引入了自适应权重来提高WOA的搜索能力,使算法能够在早期执行精细的全局搜索,在后期执行精确的局部搜索,加速寻优算法的迭代,同时由于随机变异策略,会再次更新位置。然后从更新的结果中选择最优位置,以加速种群的收敛,并有效防止种群陷入局部最优将适应度较好的个体信息更快地保留用于下一次鲸鱼优化算法的迭代,提高了求最优解的速度和精度。最后,对多个算法在电力系统经济负荷分配问题进行了测试,验证了基于自适应权重的的鲸鱼优化算法可以更合理地配置电力系统的经济负荷,能够有效找到可行解,避免陷入局部最优,能实现经济负荷的合理分配。     

Combined heat and power economic dispatch by mesh adaptive direct search algorithm

The optimal utilization of multiple combined heat and power (CHP) systems is a complex problem. Therefore, efficient methods are required to solve it. In this paper, a recent optimization technique, namely mesh adaptive direct search (MADS) is implemented to solve the combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) problem with bounded feasible operating region. Three test cases taken from the literature are used to evaluate the exploring ability of MADS. Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and design and analysis of computer experiments (DACE) surrogate algorithms are used as powerful SEARCH strategies in the MADS algorithm to improve its effectiveness. The numerical results demonstrate that the utilized MADS–LHS, MADS–PSO, MADS–DACE algorithms have acceptable performance when applied to the CHPED problems. The results obtained using the MADS–DACE algorithm are considerably better than or as well as the best known solutions reported previously in the literature. In addition to the superior performance, MADS–DACE provides significant savings of computational effort.     

A multi-objective optimization based solution for the combined economic-environmental power dispatch problem

The combined economic-environmental dispatch issue is multidimensional, non-linear, non-convex and highly constrained problem. It involves multiple and often conflicting optimization criteria for which no unique optimal solution can be determined with respect to all criteria. In this paper a multi-objective optimization based solution to the combined economic-environmental power dispatch is proposed. The derivation of the optimal solution is based on the weighted sum method for which improvements are made in direction of penalty function integration. For that purpose a modified dynamic normalization is suggested. A penalization method based on membership functions is introduced in order to calculate the constraint violations. The objective of the proposed method is gaining an optimal solution for the dynamic combined economic-environmental dispatch problem associated to real power systems. Therefore, the algorithm is applied on different test power systems. The obtained results are analyzed and compared with various optimization techniques presented in the literature. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method in finding solutions toward global optimum.     

基因编辑差分算法在多燃料经济调度中的应用

计及阀点效应的多燃料经济调度是电力系统运行控制中典型的高维、非凸、非线性及不可微的优化问题。针对现有技术在解决该问题时容易陷入局部最优值,收敛精度不高和计算效率较低等缺陷,提出一种基因编辑差分算法。该算法在标准差分算法的基础上,通过融入基因编辑操作提高标准差分算法在解决该问题时的计算效率与求解精度。并将该算法分别应用于10机组和40机组的多燃料电力系统的算例进行仿真分析。此外,将仿真结果与多种算法优化结果进行对比,结果表明所提标准差分算法通过融合基因编辑操作不仅能大幅度降低搜索空间,而且有效缓解了算法的过早熟现象,同时能在相对合理的计算时间内取得更优的解。     

Exchange market algorithm based optimum reactive power dispatch

In this paper, an exchange market algorithm (EMA) approach is applied to solve highly non-linear power system optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problems. ORPD is most vital optimization problems in power system study and are usually devised as optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The problem is formulated as nonlinear, non-convex constrained optimization problem with the presence of both continuous and discrete control variables. The EMA searches for optimal solution via two main phases; namely, balanced market and oscillation market. Each of the phases comprises of both exploration and exploitation, which makes the algorithm unique. This uniqueness of EMA is exploited in this paper to solve various vital objectives associated with ORPD problems. Programs are developed in MATLAB and tested on standard IEEE 30 and IEEE 118 bus systems. The results obtained using EMA are compared with other contemporary methods in the literature. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of EMA in terms of its computational efficiency and robustness. Consumed function evaluation for each case study is mentioned in the convergence plot itself for better clarity. Parametric study is also performed on different case studies to obtain the suitable values of tuneable parameters.     

Globally convergent homotopy algorithm for solving the KKT systems to the principal-agent bilevel programming

In this paper, a constraint set swelling homotopy (CSSH) algorithm for solving the single-level non-convex programming problem with designing piecewise linear contractual function which is equivalent to the principal-agent model with integral operator is proposed, and the existence and global convergence is proven under some mild conditions. As a comparison, a piecewise constant contract is also designed for solving the single-level non-convex programming problem with the corresponding discrete distributions. And some numerical tests are done by the proposed homotopy algorithm as well as by using fmincon in Matlab, LOQO and MINOS. The numerical results show that the CSSH algorithm is robust, feasible and effective.     

An economic load dispatch and multiple environmental dispatch problem solution with microgrids using interior search algorithm

Microgrid is a novel small-scale system of the centralized electricity for a small-scale community such as villages and commercial area. Microgrid consists of micro-sources like distribution generator, solar and wind units. A microgrid is consummate specific purposes like reliability, cost reduction, emission reduction, efficiency improvement, use of renewable sources and continuous energy source. In the microgrid, the Energy Management System is having a problem of Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) and Combined Economic Emission Dispatch (CEED) and it is optimized by meta-heuristic techniques. The key objective of this paper is to solve the Combined Economic Emission Dispatch (CEED) problem to obtain optimal system cost. The CEED is the procedure to scheduling the generating units within their bounds together with minimizing the fuel cost and emission values. The newly introduced Interior Search Algorithm (ISA) is applied for the solution of ELD and CEED problem. The minimization of total cost and total emission is obtained for four different scenarios like all sources included all sources without solar energy, all sources without wind energy and all sources without solar and wind energy. In both scenarios, the result shows the comparison of ISA with the Reduced Gradient Method (RGM), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) for the two different cases which are ELD without emission and CEED with emission. The results are calculated for different Power Demand of 24 h. The results obtained to ISA give comparatively better cost reduction as compared with RGM, ACO and CSA which shows the effectiveness of the given algorithm.

     

Multi-modality in augmented Lagrangian coordination for distributed optimal design

This paper presents an empirical study of the convergence characteristics of augmented Lagrangian coordination (ALC) for solving multi-modal optimization problems in a distributed fashion. A number of test problems that do not satisfy all assumptions of the convergence proof for ALC are selected to demonstrate the convergence characteristics of ALC algorithms. When only a local search is employed at the subproblems, local solutions to the original problem are often attained. When a global search is performed at subproblems, global solutions to the original, non-decomposed problem are found for many of the examples. Although these findings are promising, ALC with a global subproblem search may yield only local solutions in the case of non-convex coupling functions or disconnected feasible domains. Results indicate that for these examples both the starting point and the sequence in which subproblems are solved determines which solution is obtained. We illustrate that the main cause for this behavior lies in the alternating minimization inner loop, which is inherently of a local nature.     

多用户场景下SWIPT-NOMA网络中的保密能量效率优化

在采用非正交多址接入技术的无线携能通信网络中,窃听者的存在和不同用户配对方式将影响网络的保密能量效率.为寻求保密能量效率最大化支配下的网络资源配置方案,提出了一种改进的群智能搜索算法用于解决此非凸优化问题.改进的群智能搜索算法采用共生生物搜索技术,增强了对可行域的局部搜索能力.仿真结果表明,不同的用户配对方式在单时隙或多时隙场景下具有相异特征,改进后的群智能搜索算法比其他基线算法具有更佳的网络性能,为多输入多输出非正交多址接入无线携能通信网络中通信安全及能量效率的研究提供了依据.     

Modified neo-fuzzy neuron-based approach for economic and environmental optimal power dispatch

At the central energy management center in a power system, the real time controls continuously track the load changes and endeavor to match the total power demand with total generation in such a manner that the operating cost is minimized while all the operating constraints are satisfied. However, due to the strict government regulations on environmental protection, operation at minimum cost is no longer the only criterion for dispatching electrical power. The idea behind the environmentally constrained economic dispatch formulation is to estimate the optimal generation schedule of generating units in such a manner that fuel cost and harmful emission levels are both simultaneously minimized for a given load demand. Conventional optimization techniques become very time consuming and computationally extensive for such complex optimization tasks. These methods are hence not suitable for on-line use. Neural networks and fuzzy systems can be trained to generate accurate relations among variables in complex non-linear dynamical environment, as both are model-free estimators. The existing synergy between these two fields has been exploited in this paper for solving the economic and environmental dispatch problem on-line. A multi-output modified neo-fuzzy neuron (NFN), capable of real time training is proposed for economic and environmental power generation allocation.This model is found to achieve accurate results and the training is observed to be faster than other popular neural networks. The proposed method has been tested on medium-sized sample power systems with three and six generating units and found to be suitable for on-line combined environmental economic dispatch (CEED).     

Primal explicit max margin feature selection for nonlinear support vector machines

Embedding feature selection in nonlinear support vector machines (SVMs) leads to a challenging non-convex minimization problem, which can be prone to suboptimal solutions. This paper develops an effective algorithm to directly solve the embedded feature selection primal problem. We use a trust-region method, which is better suited for non-convex optimization compared to line-search methods, and guarantees convergence to a minimizer. We devise an alternating optimization approach to tackle the problem efficiently, breaking it down into a convex subproblem, corresponding to standard SVM optimization, and a non-convex subproblem for feature selection. Importantly, we show that a straightforward alternating optimization approach can be susceptible to saddle point solutions. We propose a novel technique, which shares an explicit margin variable to overcome saddle point convergence and improve solution quality. Experiment results show our method outperforms the state-of-the-art embedded SVM feature selection method, as well as other leading filter and wrapper approaches.