Robot machining: recent development and future research issues

Early studies on robot machining were reported in the 1990s. Even though there are continuous worldwide researches on robot machining ever since, the potential of robot applications in machining has yet to be realized. In this paper, the authors will first look into recent development of robot machining. Such development can be roughly categorized into researches on robot machining system development, robot machining path planning, vibration/chatter analysis including path tracking and compensation, dynamic, or stiffness modeling. These researches will obviously improve the accuracy and efficiency of robot machining and provide useful references for developing robot machining systems for tasks once thought to only be capable by CNC machines. In order to advance the technology of robot machining to the next level so that more practical and competitive systems could be developed, the authors suggest that future researches on robot machining should also focus on robot machining efficiency analysis, stiffness map-based path planning, robotic arm link optimization, planning, and scheduling for a line of machining robots.     

化学机械抛光技术研究现状及进展

通过回顾化学机械抛光技术的发展历史,概述化学机械抛光技术的实际应用情况,着重阐述了化学机械抛光技术的作用机理、主要构件(抛光机、抛光垫、抛光液)以及抛光工艺参数对加工过程的影响,进一步展望了化学机械抛光技术的发展前景与研究方向。     

Physics research and technology developments of electron string ion sources

The most recent experimental information on electron string phenomenon, such as two step transition to electron string state, stability of e-strings in condition of electron energy recuperation, are described. The new technology developments of electron string ion sources (ESIS) include pulse injection of gaseous species in e-string and its efficient conversion to ion beams, slow ion extraction, ion-ion cooling of heavy ions with CH(4) coolant, and a progress in the construction of the new Joint Institute for Nuclear Research ESIS with 6 T solenoid are briefly considered.     

Review of oxidational wear Part II: Recent developments and future trends in oxidational wear research

This is the second part of a two-part in-depth review of the oxidational wear of metals. In the first part, the origins of the oxidational theory of wear were described, with special emphasis on the role of oxide films in the wear of metals at relatively low ambient temperatures. Under these conditions, most of the oxidation occurs at the temperature of the real areas of contact between sliding surfaces. In this part of the review, recent developments involving determination of the activation energies and Arrhenius constants for oxidation during wear are described together with an account of some of the research into the use of measurements of oxide film thickness to deduce the contact temperatures at the real areas of contact. Although the effect of partial oxygen pressures upon the wear of metals is covered in this review, it is in the effects of elevated temperatures upon wear that the future of oxidational wear research would appear to lie. Under these conditions, the effect of oxidation upon a given contact area whilst ‘out-of-contact’ must be taken into account. An oxidational wear theory relevant to elevated ambient temperatures is described and the most likely trends in oxidational wear research in the 1980's are discussed.     

电渗析技术在工业废水处理中应用的研究

介绍了电渗析技术的原理及其各种工艺，重点论述了电渗析技术在电镀废水、冶金废水、氯碱废水等工业废水处理中的应用，并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

Proceeding of human exoskeleton technology and discussions on future research

After more than half a century of intense efforts, the development of exoskeleton has seen major advances, and several remarkable achievements have been made. Reviews of developing history of exoskeleton are presented, both in active and passive categories. Major models are introduced, and typical technologies are commented on. Difficulties in control algorithm, driver system, power source, and man-machine interface are discussed. Current researching routes and major developing methods are mapped and critically analyzed, and in the process, some key problems are revealed. First, the exoskeleton is totally different from biped robot, and relative studies based on the robot technologies are considerably incorrect. Second, biomechanical studies are only used to track the motion of the human body, the interaction between human and machines are seldom studied. Third, the traditional developing ways which focused on servo-controlling have inborn deficiency from making portable systems. Research attention should be shifted to the human side of the coupling system, and the human ability to learn and adapt should play a more significant role in the control algorithms Having summarized the major difficulties, possible future works are discussed. It is argued that, since a distinct boundary cannot be drawn in such strong-coupling human-exoskeleton system, the more complex the control system gets, the more difficult it is for the user to learn to use. It is suggested that the exoskeleton should be treated as a simple wearable tool, and downgrading its automatic level may be a change toward a brighter research outlook. This effort at simplification is definitely not easy, as it necessitates theoretical supports from fields such as biomechanics, ergonomics, and bionics.     

页轮抛光技术及其应用

页轮是一种新型抛光工具,具有抛光效率高、质量好、抛光方法简便、成本低等优点,适用于各种轴类、大孔径、大平面等复杂型面零件的抛光加工,可解决因工件超长或超负荷而难以在磨床和珩磨机上进行表面精加工的难题。采用页轮代替砂带进行抛光是近年来国外用于改善工件表面粗糙度的一种新工艺,该工艺在我国的应用还处于起步阶段。我公司从１９９１年开始试验和应用这项新技术,取得了较好效果,证明页轮抛光是一种投资少、见效快、效益高的超精加工工艺。１　页轮抛光的原理及特点页轮抛光装置如图１所示。根据选用的电机轴配置左、右联接…     

机械系统动态仿真技术研究

介绍了机械系统动态仿真分析中的若干关键技术和相关技术以及仿真分析的基本步骤,为机械系统动态仿真分析提供了一定的理论基础,在理论上和实践上具有非常重要的意义。     

Note: Fabrication of tapered fibre tip using mechanical polishing method

Tapered fibre tips fabricated using mechanical polishing method is studied. The fibre tips are formed by sequential polishing flat-ended single mode fibres with decreasing aluminium oxide polishing film grit size. Based on the proposed technique, tapered fibre tips with cone angle ranging from 30° to 130° are fabricated by controlling the polishing angle. Besides the variety of cone angle, considerable smoothness of the fibre tip surface may assist in good metal coating and hence a well-defined aperture can be obtained. In addition, this paper presents a two-step hybrid fabrication method combining the proposed polishing method with chemical etching method to increase the possible fibre tip cone angles achievable by chemical etching method.     

服务机器人导航技术研究进展

针对目前服务机器人导航技术在实际应用中特别是在复杂动态工作环境下适应性弱的问题,总结阐述了服务机器人导航的基本方法、实现过程和最新研究成果,可为服务机器人自主导航并顺利完成服务任务提供参考。首先,着重分析了目前较为常见的磁导航、惯性导航、传感器导航和视觉导航等多种导航技术的基本原理以及优缺点,并总结了这些技术在服务机器人上的应用范围。然后,针对服务机器人导航过程中涉及的机器人定位和路径规划这两个主要过程,介绍了相关的算法以及最新的研究进展。研究结果表明,要提高服务机器人导航的适应性和智能化水平,改善导航精度不高以及可靠性差等问题,需根据实际情况选择合适的导航方法,同时进一步研究包括智能空间、多传感器融合等相关新技术。     

拉曼光谱成像技术新进展及其应用

拉曼光谱成像技术是拉曼光谱分析技术的新发展,借助于现代共焦显微拉曼光谱仪器以及新型信号探测装置,它把简单的单点分析方式拓展到对一定范围内样品进行综合分析,用图像的方式显示样品的化学成分空间分布、表面物理化学性质等更多信息。本文介绍拉曼光谱成像技术的基本原理和实验方法,并且特别介绍HORIBA Jobin Yvon公司的新型快速拉曼成像技术SWIFT和DuoScan,最后用实验实例说明这些技术的重要应用。     

新型陶瓷抛光机的机械设计与研究

针对传统抛光机的缺点,设计了一种新型陶瓷材料抛光机:采用封闭式龙门箱形的主体式结构以提高机床的刚度及稳定性;改善机床工作环境采用球头轴承浮动连接,保证加载均匀。通过抛光机性能对比实验可以得到,在各种研磨工艺参数相同的情况下,两种抛光机去除率差别不大,但陶瓷材料抛光机对工件加工的表面粗糙度明显优于传统的。研究结果表明该设备的设计,可以较低的成本加工出高精密度的陶瓷产品,极大地满足了生产与科研的需要。     

模具成本计算:挑战、发展与未来

报价的准确程度对模具制造商的盈利有直接的影响,模具制造商通常利用经验和专业知识对模具制造成本进行估计,但大量测试表明:同样情况下对同一模具的报价可能会相差100%.现代信息技术的发展为模具的成本计算提供了全方位的支持.本文建立了基于计算机辅助的模具成本计算模型并完成系统开发,对模具制造成本计算技术面临的挑战及其现状进行了探讨,并对成本技术系统的发展趋势作了预测.     

自适应逆控制研究及其未来发展

由B.Widrow 教授提出的自适应逆控制方法经过十多年的发展,已经取得了很多成果.近年来,自适应逆控制以其自身的众多优点成为一个活跃的研究领域,并被成功应用到各个领域.本文对自适应逆控制的已有研究成果做了综述.首先分析了各种自适应滤波方法,尤其是线性变步长LMS自适应滤波算法的完善过程,每种算法的性能及优缺点;其次分析了基于X-滤波、ε-滤波和U-滤波的自适应逆控制系统在噪声扰动消除上的成功应用.然后介绍了跟随非线性系统的非线性滤波器,及各种针对非线性对象的自适应逆控制系统.最后介绍了自适应逆控制新的应用,并提出了其自身存在的问题,探讨了新的研究方向.     

Damage-free tribochemical polishing of diamond at room temperature: a finishing technology

Polished surfaces are characterized by a geometric shape and a surface finish, the latter being defined by surface roughness (smoothness) and subsurface damage. In general, mechanically polished surfaces have a high geometric precision and are optically smooth, but they are subjected to surface and subsurface damage. Tribochemical polishing gives smooth surfaces and damage-free subsurfaces, but the surface geometric precision is often poor at the submicron level. Diamond is the hardest material known, and the standard polishing technique for such hard materials is mechanical polishing, causing surface and subsurface damage. In this paper a novel method of tribochemical polishing of natural and synthetic monocrystalline diamond at room temperature is described, which gives very smooth surfaces of, at least, (100) planes, free from surface and subsurface damage within the instrumental detection limits. Such diamond surfaces are van der Waals bondable to other materials. With this novel technology only low material removal rates can be achieved. Therefore, it is mostly adapted as a finishing technique. The described polishing technology can be applied to other (hard) materials as well.     

论我国数控技术和装备发展动态与趋势

数字控制(Numerical Control,简称NC)是近代发展起来的一种自动控制技术,它是用数字化信号对机床运动及其加工过程进行控制的一种技术.计算机数字控制(Computer Numerical Control,简称CNC)则是采用了数字计算机进行数字控制的自动控制技术.     

我国泵业技术发展展望及江苏大学泵业研究之特色

建国50多年尤其是近年来,我国的泵业技术已经得到了很大发展,已经建设了比较完整的泵研究、设计、开发、制造、试验体系,为我国国民经济各部门提供了各种用泵的需要,为经济和社会的发展作出了积极贡献。泵行业的发展关键在于企业,在于人,而企业的发展战略对我国泵业技术水平的提高具有重要作用。就泵行业企业发展的共性技术江苏大学流体机械工程技术研究中心施卫东教授提出了一些观点。     

面向精密抛光的聚氨酯磨具研究及其特性分析

为了提高回转类零件轮廓曲面精度和抛光效率,提出了一种聚氨酯磨具抛光的新方法,结合层间力学性质分析,讨论双层弹性体中的力传递问题,建立表层单颗磨粒的切削力学模型,对抛光过程进行仿真分析,得到应力、应变分布规律,以及下压量对接触区应力的影响,为聚氨酯磨具抛光机理研究和工艺优化提供了理论依据和方法,通过聚氨酯磨具抛光试验,验证了聚氨酯磨具拥有较高材料去除率,同时得到较好的表面粗糙度。