环保型碱性金属脱脂剂的应用

通过对国内常见各种金属脱脂剂对臭氧层破坏、对水体污染、对人体健康威胁、对生产安全危害水平的浅析,阐述了金属脱脂剂的技术发展方向和变化趋势,说明了研究和开发环保型金属脱脂剂的必要性和迫切性。通过对金属脱脂剂作用机理的分析,提出了无磷、无氮、以生物降解的常温型金属脱脂剂的原材料选配原则。     

脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物在铝材中性脱脂中的应用

以PO封端脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物（FMEE）为主体成分，通过复配乳化剂脂肪酸甲酯与马来酸共聚物（M800）、无磷螯合剂乙二胺二邻苯基乙酸钠（EDDHA-Na）、渗透剂伯烷基磺酸钠（PAS80），获得了低温乳化、除灰、防回沾3种性能均衡的除油剂。采用正交试验确定了FMEE、M800、PAS80、EDDHA-Na的比例为3∶2∶1∶1，所得脱脂剂具备低温、快速脱脂的性能，将复配的脱脂剂与草酸钠组成二元脱脂体系应用于铝材中性脱脂工艺，可以获得良好的脱脂效果。     

连续电镀无磷金属脱脂剂综合评价方法研究

电子接插件金属零件基材表面因模具冲压工艺过程中使用模具切削油而粘附大量油脂等污染物,因此,评估电镀前处理除油工序使用的脱脂剂的除油特性对电镀企业合理选用除油效果好、成本低、效率高及环保性能优良脱脂剂意义重大。为此,建立连续电镀脱脂剂的质量、效率、成本和环保特性的实验室综合评价试验方法,以供电镀生产过程选择经济适用环保的电解脱脂剂提供技术支撑,利用该评价方法对三种品牌的电解脱脂剂进行综合评价,结果显示,1#脱脂剂综合使用性能最优。     

高效水基压铸铝合金脱脂剂的研制

研制了一种能在50～60°C下迅速除去压铸铝合金表面油污的水基高效脱脂剂。研究了压铸铝合金水性脱脂剂的配方组成,探讨了脱脂温度、脱脂剂活性物的质量分数以及超声浸渍脱脂时间对除油效果和铝材基体腐蚀率的影响,获得了压铸铝合金水性脱脂剂的较佳配方如下:碳酸钠4%,磷酸三钠2%,硅酸钠1%,表面活性剂OP-103%,表面活性剂TX-106%,表面活性剂65015%,渗透剂6.5%,缓蚀剂2.5%。该脱脂剂既保证了脱脂效果,又减缓了清洗液对铝材质设备的腐蚀。在脱脂温度50~60°C、脱脂剂活性物质量分数1.5%～3.0%和脱脂时间4～5min的条件下,压铸铝合金的除油率可达100%,铝材的腐蚀率小于0.2g/(m2·h)。     

硅钢清洗用高效低泡耐碱脱脂剂性能的研究

介绍了耐碱脱脂剂在硅钢清洗领域中的技术要求,并对脱脂剂GQ-31的各项性能指标与进口样品进行对比。结果表明：该脱脂剂具有耐碱性高、乳化能力强、高温稳定、泡沫高度低、除油效果好等优点,可以应用在硅钢清洗领域。     

有机涂层钢板前处理脱脂剂的研究

报导了钢板前处理脱脂剂的国內外概况及脱脂剂的选择与配方研究结果     

实用技术——脱脂剂的正确选择及脱脂效果检查

脱脂方法不同，对脱脂剂要求也不同。压力喷射脱脂因机械作用力大，脱脂效果好，但由于是处在极易起泡的状态下，因而选用低泡脱脂剂是必要的，浸渍脱脂的机械作用较弱，因此要选用脱脂性能更好的脱脂剂，适当的增加脱脂剂含量和延长脱脂时间。     

环保无磷型脱脂剂

开发了一种金属材料涂装前处理用环保无磷型脱脂剂。研究了不同组分和工艺条件对脱脂剂除油率的影响,得到脱脂剂的最佳组成和工艺条件为:碳酸钠5 g/L,五水偏硅酸钠5 g/L,葡萄糖酸钠4 g/L,4A沸石5 g/L,亚硝酸钠1 g/L,聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂4 g/L,温度40~50°C,时间3~5 min。该脱脂剂具有优良的低泡性能,HLB为14.3,浊点为62°C。     

印刷用PS版铝板基卷材的清洗

印刷用预涂感光版(PS版)基卷材在经过轧机后表面会带有大量的轧制油,在投入使用前需要进行快速高效的脱脂清洗。介绍了一种适用于印刷用PS版铝板基卷材的无泡液体碱性脱脂剂,通过泡沫试验对其进行了泡沫评价,通过与专业脱脂剂的实验室清洗效果对比,以基板及其涂覆轧制油后的中试和现场清洗效果试验对脱脂剂的脱脂性能进行了评价,对B值[用以表征Al(OH)3的浓度]、游离碱度和电导率等槽液管理参数进行了讨论。用荧光分析法检测以该脱脂剂现场清洗后的板材,得其残油量≤8mg/m2(双面),符合标准要求。     

铝罐用无氟脱脂剂

日本涂料公司于1985年10月开始出售新开发的脱脂剂,商品名为“リドリン NHC100”。这种脱脂剂无氟、无铬,堪称新型无公害脱脂剂。罐装啤洒、罐装果汁所用的罐,是用铝板制成圆片,后制成浅杯,最后经过拉伸加工成型而成的。由于拉伸成型时的摩擦力,总有一些铝粉脱落混入润滑油,并附着于罐     

Removal of greases and lubricating oils from metal parts of machinery processes by subcritical water treatment

Toxic or persistent solvents have been widely used to remove greases and lubricants from various machine elements in the washing processes. In this study, an alternative degreasing method that employed subcritical state water was assessed. This environmentally benign solvent has significant potential for various degreasing applications. The operation time and temperature and flow rate of subcritical water had markedly positive impacts on the degreasing efficiency. However, the effect of pressure of subcritical water flow was minimal. The degreasing efficiency was also highly dependent on the physical characteristics and chemical composition of grease. The subcritical water treatment demonstrated a better degreasing efficiency than conventional degreasing methods. Only minor physical damage was observed on the metal parts after the subcritical water treatment. Conclusively, it was found that the subcritical water degreasing system can be used as an effective degreasing technology for machinery operations.     

紫杉醇提取液的甲醇-水体系初分离工艺

采用甲醇-水体系脱脂除杂法对紫杉醇提取液的初分离工艺进行了研究。通过单因素和正交实验考察了甲醇体积分数、脱脂时间和脱脂温度3个因素对脱脂效果的影响。结果表明,各因素的影响程度为脱脂温度>甲醇体积分数>脱脂时间,确定最佳工艺条件为:甲醇溶液体积分数40%、脱脂时间10 h、脱脂温度12℃。在此条件下,杂质去除率为31.2%,紫杉醇回收率为89.6%。此工艺使紫杉醇在损失较小的情况下达到了理想的初分离效果,具有操作简便、成本低、环境污染小等特点,适于大规模应用。     

快速滚光除油剂的研究及应用

滚光除油工艺在电镀业中应用广泛。为消除传统工艺中三氯乙烯对环境的有害影响,研制出一种ＢＨ－７Ａ快速滚光除油剂。根据ＪＢ４３２２－８６水基金属清洗剂试验方法对其各项进行了测试,并分析了其成分和除油机理。结果表明：该除油剂各项性能均达到了ＪＢ－４３２３－８６水基金属清洗剂质量指标。其组成主要为多种表面活性剂、清洗促进剂和擦光剂,清洗效果好,完全可取代传统的三氯乙烯加碱油的快速滚光除油工艺。     

低泡电镀除油剂的表面活性剂筛选与配方优化

电镀工业对金属表面进行电镀之前必须对金属表面进行除油工序,除油工序中使用的除油剂若泡沫过多则会影响生产过程的进行。本文所研究的除油剂是一种低泡沫的水基金属除油剂,通过提高各种表面活性剂相互之间的协同增效作用,减少表面活性剂的用量来降低除油过程的泡沫,最终筛选出的适用于金属除油的表面活性剂最佳配比为TX-10∶MOA-5∶FMES∶LAB=4∶1∶3∶1。     

酸性除油与碱性除油的互补作用

通过生产应用实例，探讨钢铁零件酸性除油的机理和酸性除油与碱性除油的互补作用。由于酸性除油液对渗入氧化皮（锈垢）、油污的清洗有独特之处，故可在镀前处理中作为碱性除油的补充。     

Research on crack mechanism and kinetic model of alumina ceramic in the degreasing stage based on stereolithography

Given that the kinetics of the thermal degreasing process of alumina ceramics based on stereolithography apparatus (SLA) has not been investigated, the mechanism of crack generation is still not fully revealed. This paper aims to elucidate the mechanism of crack generation in the degreasing process of alumina ceramics and to establish a kinetic model for alumina ceramics. Two sintering atmospheres, air, and argon, were selected for the degreasing tests at 100°C–700°C. The reaction products and mass changes of alumina ceramics were analyzed by TG-FTIR and TG-DSC (heating rates of 5, 10, and 15°C/min, respectively). Meanwhile, Boswell, Friedman, Ozawa, and DAEM model was used to describe the nonisothermal kinetics of the SLA alumina ceramic degreasing process. The results showed that setting the holding time to 400°C–425°C could promote the slow release of heat from the alumina ceramics. The thermal degreasing stage of the ceramic generated fewer cracks in the argon atmosphere than in the air atmosphere. The corresponding average activation energy values were 105.40 kJ/mol (Boswell model), 112.48 kJ/mol (Friedman model), 108.14 kJ/mol (Ozawa model), and 101.36 kJ/mol (DAEM model). The results of the study could provide an invaluable reference for the fabrication of defect-free SLA alumina ceramics.     

微乳液除油剂的研究

针对常规除油不彻底,成本高,提出了用微乳液除油的方法,采用非离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂复配,添加助洗剂、络合剂等形成微乳液,研制了一种在常温下快速除去金属表面油污的高效微乳液除油剂。重点研究了脱脂温度以及脱脂时间对除油效果的影响,并测定了该微乳除油剂的其它性能和特点。试验结果表明,该微乳液除油剂具有节能、高效、低成本等特点。     

电工钢的化学脱脂

介绍了电工钢化学脱脂方法、脱脂所用的材料、影响脱脂工艺的因素以及脱脂常见问题及处理。     

The influence of degreasing agents used at car washes on the performance of ultrafiltration membranes

The influence of washing chemicals used at car washes on the flux and retention of three ultrafiltration (UF) membranes has been studied. Eleven commercial degreasing agents, two shampoo agents and a wax were included in the investigation. The membrane performance when treating waste water collected at a car wash at different times of the year was also studied. The retention of the different chemicals varied greatly, but there was no significant difference in COD retention among the three UF membranes. The highest flux was observed when treating the alkaline degreasing agents and the shampoo solutions. The flux and COD retention when treating the waste water from the car wash were 30–50 l/m ² h and 60%, respectively. One of the low-retention degreasing agents was treated by nanofiltration (NF). The retention was significantly higher when using NF, but the COD concentration in the permeate was still too high to allow the permeate to be discharged without further treatment.