快淬钕铁硼永磁合金及粘结磁体

综述了快淬钕铁硼磁粉、各向同性粘结钕铁硼磁体、各向异性钕铁硼磁粉及粘结磁体、双相纳米复合磁粉及粘结磁体的国内外现状、前景以及粘结NdFeB磁体的应用。     

NdFeB磁体磁性能一致性差的原因及改进措施

烧结钕铁硼磁体性能一致性差是困扰磁体生产厂家的问题之一,因此对磁体磁性能一致性差的原因进行了定性的归纳、分析,并有针对性地提出了一些改善磁体磁性能一致性的建议与措施,期望对磁体生产提供有益的指导和参考。     

烧结钕铁硼磁体边界相的调控技术机制

采用传统的粉末冶金方法制备了名义成分为Nd_(28)Dy_2Fe_(68.6)B_1Ga_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)的烧结钕铁硼磁体,并研究了烧结钕铁硼磁体Nd_(28)Dy_2Fe_(68.6)B_1Ga_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)晶粒的细化和磁体晶界相演化之间的关系。通过细化磁粉粒度,制备出了平均晶粒尺寸分别是8.22,4.69,3.60和3.12μm的4种磁体。结果表明,磁体平均晶粒尺寸为3.60μm时对应的磁体的磁性能最好:最大磁能积(BH)m=389.93 k J·m~(-3),内禀矫顽力Hcj=1282.79 k A·m~(-1)。从磁体的微观形貌观察发现,随着磁体平均晶粒尺寸的减小,磁体中角隅晶界相的尺寸减小,条带状晶界相的比例增大,使更多的富Nd相参与到隔断主相晶粒之间的磁交换耦合中来,磁体矫顽力提高。磁粉粒径细化之后,磁粉颗粒的形貌更加规则、均一,取向时受到的摩擦力减小,提高了磁体的剩磁和取向度。但是随着平均晶粒尺寸从3.60到3.12μm的进一步减小,富Nd相发生了团聚,且分布不均匀,导致磁体矫顽力降低;磁体中的富Nd相增多并团聚,导致了磁体在烧结过程中由于液相较多而使主相晶粒发生了偏转,而且导致了磁体取向度降低,进而导致剩磁的减小。     

快冷厚带-氢破碎-磁场成型工艺制备高性能烧结钕铁硼磁体

对比分析了我国与西方国家生产烧结钕铁硼磁体工艺差距，指出了快冷厚带制备工艺是生产烧结钕铁硼磁体关键性工艺、核心技术。分别采用快冷厚带-氢破碎-磁场成型工艺和普通铸锭-氢破碎城场成型工艺制备同一成分的烧结钕铁硼磁体。结果表明：钕铁硼快冷厚带“柱状晶”穿透整个带厚、无等轴晶区、无α—Fe相、三相(主相Nd2Fel4B、富Nd相和富B相)分布均匀、耐腐蚀性能好；氢破碎后沿富Nd相均匀破碎，主相晶粒完整；气流磨后为2．8～3．2μm单晶粉末；快冷厚带可以明显提高磁体的各项性能。     

粘结钕铁硼磁环在高性能永磁式步进电动机上的应用

钕铁硼粘结磁体是一种将钕铁硼磁粉与高分子树脂或塑料或低熔点合金及各种添加剂均匀混合,用模压、挤出或注射成形等方法制成的复合永磁材料。国内外对其机理的研究已比较深入,本课题仅就钕铁硼粘结磁体特别是应用于高性能永磁式步进电动机的粘结钕铁硼多极磁环的制备工艺中的关键问题进行了研究,内容包括：（１）专用粘结剂的选择;（２）磁粉选择;（３）薄壁磁环自动压制成形;（４）表面防锈处理方式的选择;（５）多极充磁;（６）磁环转子整体注射成形。结果表明：在解决了上述关键工艺问题后,粘结钕铁硼多极磁环已批量应用于高性能永磁式步进电动机,替代进口或使原有的电机升级换代     

注射成形粘结钕铁硼磁体制造工艺

磁体的注射成形是一种高效生产的近净成形技术。本文说明了注射成形粘结钕铁硼磁体用复合粉和磁体的制造工艺及性能测试方法。研究了粘结剂、添加剂的含量以及磁粉装载量对注射成形磁体的加工性能、磁性能及力学性能等的影响规律。并从微观上揭示了其机理。用MQP-B快淬钕铁硼磁粉和尼龙12粘结剂制备出了磁性能为Br:0.539 T,Hcb:345.37 k A/m,Hci:681.02 k A/m,(BH)max:47.37 k J/m3的注射成形钕铁硼磁体。     

Y元素的添加对Nd2Fe14B磁体的综合性能的影响研究

通过在烧结钕铁硼磁体中添加不同比例的高丰度Y元素,对比研究Y元素的添加对Nd₂Fe₁₄B磁体的磁性能、抗弯强度、耐腐蚀性、热稳定性和微观形貌的影响。结果表明,随着Y含量的增加,虽然Nd₂Fe₁₄B磁体磁性能逐渐降低,但由于Y元素的添加,改善了磁体的居里温度,晶界相的分布、晶粒尺寸更均匀,抗弯强度、耐腐蚀性、热稳定性等指标均得到明显改善。在烧结钕铁硼磁体中适当地添加Y元素,可在保证磁体优异的综合性能的前提下,降低磁体的生产成本,实现稀土资源的综合利用。     

注射成形烧结钕铁硼永磁体的工艺特点及发展趋势

论述了注射成形烧结钕铁硼永磁体的工艺特点及发展趋势,分析了其生产工艺中的四个关键因素,包括磁粉、粘结剂与添加剂、注射过程和脱脂,并结合目前研究现状对这四个关键因素作了综合评述,介绍了热塑性体系和水溶性体系粘结剂在注射Nd-Fe-B烧结磁体中的应用;在分析现状的基础上,指出了现阶段存在的问题和发展方向.     

烧结钕铁硼双相合金工艺的研究进展

双相合金工艺是近几年发展起来的一种新的制造烧结Nd-Fe-B系永磁材料的方法.该工艺对于高性能磁体的制备展现出广阔的发展前景.简述了双相合金法制备烧结钕铁硼磁体的技术过程,总结了各种添加元素对于烧结钕铁硼永磁合金的显微结构和磁性能的影响.     

低失重烧结钕铁硼磁体的研究进展

烧结钕铁硼永磁材料被发明以来,以其优越的磁性能得到了广泛的应用,目前成为永磁产业的支柱。但是其耐腐蚀性能差,大大限制了其使用范围。因此,近20多年来如何改善其抗腐蚀性能成为烧结钕铁硼材料生产和使用的重要问题。总结了烧结钕铁硼腐蚀失重的机制,制备低失重烧结钕铁硼的方法和工艺,对如何提高烧结钕铁硼磁体的耐腐蚀性,降低腐蚀失重进行了综述。从磁体成分设计和微观结构方面总结了几条提高烧结钕铁硼磁体耐蚀性的原则,其关键是对晶界相的成分和微观结构进行合理的控制。     

Preparation and Properties of Nd-Fe-B/Fe Nanocomposite Magnets

Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets with high magnetic properties were successfully fabricated through a sonochemical process with carbonyl iron as Fe precursor and subsequently SPS. Experimental results show that α-Fe can increase the remanence of Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets while decrease the coercivity. The demagnetizing curve indicates that the hard and the soft phases did not coupled very well, even though the remanence was improved. The magnetic properties of Br 8.61 kGs, Hcj 8.59 kOe and (BH)_max 12.05 MGOe were obtained for Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets with the nominal Fe content of 5 wt.%. It is noted, the exchange coupling was obviously enhanced by a MA process before SPS, and the magnets properties were increased to Br 9.42 kGs and (BH)_max 14.27 MGOe for Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets with the same Fe content.     

Anisotropic NdFeB/SmCoCuFeZr composite bonded magnet prepared by warm compaction process

Anisotropic NdFeB/SmCoCuFeZr composite bonded magnets were prepared by warm compaction process. The effects of adding SmCoCuFeZr magnetic powder on the properties of anisotropic bonded NdFeB magnet were investigated in this work. The results show that, both magnetic properties and temperature stability of the bonded magnet can be improved by adding fine SmCoCuFeZr magnetic powder. In the present study, the optimal content of SmCoCuFeZr magnetic powder was about 20 wt.%, in this case, the Br, Hcj, and(BH)maxof the NdFeB/SmCoCuFeZr composite magnet achieved 0.943 T, 1250 kA/m, and168 kJ/m~3, respectively.     

Study on Fabrication Process of Anisotropic Injection Bonded Nd-Fe-B Magnets

This study is on the injection molding process for the fabricating anisotropic Nd-Fe-B bonded magnets. The effects of powder loading, particle size of the magnetic powder, polymer binder and the fabricating process on the magnetic and the mechanical properties of anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets were investigated. The proper powder loading, particle size and binder are 60%(vol%), 75–106 μm and PA 1010, respectively. The optimum condition for good magnetic properties of anisotropic injection bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets is mixing the binder and the chemicals in the temperature between 205–215 °C, injection temperature of 265 °C, the injection pressure of 5–6 MPa, the press time of 5 second, and molding temperature of 80 °C. The magnetic properties of anisotropic bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets made in above conditions from d-HDDR powder were: B_r=0.72 T, _iH_c=983 kA/m, (BH)_max=75 kJ/m^c.     

Influence of dysprosium substitution on magnetic and mechanical properties of high intrinsic coercivity Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by double-alloy powder mixed method

The double-alloy powder mixed method is very proper for developing new small-mass products by changing the composition of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, and there is little research on this aspect. The variation on magnetic and mechanical properties of high intrinsic coercivity Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by double-alloy powder mixed method was discussed, which is a method blending two-type main phase alloy powders with different components. The results showed that the intrinsic coercivity and density of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets increased gradually with the increase in Dy content, and the double-alloy powder mixed method could obtain high intrinsic coercivity Nd-Fe-B magnets with good crystallographic alignment and microstructure. The bending strength of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets declined, and the Rockwell hardness of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets first declined, and then increased with the increase in Dy content. The microstructure showed that there existed the phenomenon that the Dy element diffused into main phase during sintering process, and the distribution of Dy content in main phase had some variation in homogeneity as a result of incomplete reaction between the double-alloy powder types.     

工业生产高综合性能烧结 Nd-Fe-B永磁关键技术研究

通过优化合金成分设计和改进合金铸锭按需分配技术、磁场取向成型技术以及烧结技术，应用全部国产设备与国内通用的工业生产烧结Nd-Fe-B永磁的原材料，避免使用镓等稀有贵重金属元素，实现了N45H烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的工业化生产，其典型磁性能为Br=1.386T(13.86kGs),BHc=1059kA/m(13.32kOe),JHc=1418kA/m(17.83kOe),Hk=1357kA/m(17.06kOe),(BH)max=364kJ/m^3(45.8MGOe)。，SEM观察和XRD分析结果表明，制造的N45H烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体具有良好的取向度和晶粒细小而均匀的显微组织。     

烧结温度对Nd24.38Ce0.52Gd6.65Febal.TM1.76B0.95磁体组织与性能的影响

采用双合金法制备Nd24.38Ce0.52Gd6.65Febal.TM1.76B0.95（质量分数,%）永磁体,通过扫描电镜及能谱、AMT-4磁测试仪、电子万能力学试验机等手段研究烧结温度对磁体组织和性能的影响.结果表明：随烧结温度从1060℃升高到1100℃,在烧结温度为1080℃时,晶粒均匀且结合致密,富稀土相分布均匀,能获得较好的组织形态;富稀土相中稀土总含量从84.98%增加到98.04%,烧结过程中铈从主相显著扩散到富稀土相;磁体剩磁Br、矫顽力Hcj、磁能积（BH）max 先升后降,在1080℃烧结时获得较好的磁性能,分别为1.22 T、964 kA/m 和293 kJ/m3,同时磁体抗弯强度也达到最大值为257 MPa.     

Improvement of coercivity and corrosion resistance of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets by doping aluminium nano-particles

Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets with a small amount of Al nano-particles doping were prepared by conventional sintered method. Effect of Al content on magnetic property, corrosion resistance and oxidation properties of the magnets were studied. Investigation showed that the coercivity rose gradually, while the remanence decreased simultaneously with increase of Al doping amount. Further investigation revealed that most Al element diffused into the main phase and some Al element diffused into the Nd-rich phase. The autoclave test results showed that the corrosion rate of the magnets decreased with Al content increasing. After oxidation, the maximum energy product losses of the magnets with 0.0 wt.% and 0.2 wt.% Al nano-particles doping were 6.13% and 3.99%, respectively. Therefore, Al nano-particles doping was a promising way to enhance the coercivity and corrosion resistance of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet.     

注射成形粘结钕铁硼/铁氧体复合磁体的研究

对注射成形粘结Nd-Fe-B/铁氧体复合磁体进行了深入的研究。实验结果表明：随着铁氧体磁粉的加入，复合磁体的磁性能虽略有降低，但其力学性能及热稳定性均有大幅度改善，特别是在铁氧体含量为87%（质量分数时），复合磁体内禀矫顽力温度系数为零，不同磁粉间静磁场的存在，使得复合磁体在铁氧体含量低于70%（质量分数）时，其磁性能大于平均值，而大于70%（质量分数）时则小于平均值。     

Time-stability of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet with lower oxygen content

Time-stability of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet with lower content of oxygen at different temperatures and humidity conditions for 400 d was investigated.Results showed that the magnetic flux loss was-0.68% for the non-electroplating samples and-0.43% for the electroplating samples at room temperature and average humidity was 25% during 400 d,respectively.The magnetic flux loss of the plated samples was lower than non-plated samples under the conditions of room temperature and with the average humidity of 54%,but the magnetic flux loss of the plated samples was larger than that of the non-plated sample at 80 oC.The magnetic flux loss of electroplated and non-electroplated sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets was less than 1% for 400 d,which showed that the N40SH grade magnets have good time stability.     

生坯密度对烧结 Nd-Fe-B 磁体结构与性能的影响

结合国内烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体工业生产过程，研究了压制成型时生坯密度变化对烧结Nd—Fe—B磁体致密化程度、显微组织、取向度与磁性能的影响。试验结果表明，生坯密度的提高可促进烧结致密化过程，抑制烧结过程晶粒的不均匀长大，提高取向度，改善磁性能。