1 250 mm热连轧工作辊磨损控制策略

 国内大量的1 250 mm热轧机精轧机组普遍使用带有负凸度的凹形工作辊,由于轧机辊形配置及轧制工艺特点,工作辊出现严重“猫耳”型磨损,造成轧制带钢断面出现局部高点现象。为改善1 250 mm热连轧工作辊的磨损,提升带钢板形质量,提出了一种适用于1 250 mm热连轧工作辊磨损的控制策略,在保证板带稳定轧制的同时,通过轧辊辊形和工作辊窜辊策略优化来控制工作辊的磨损。本策略已应用于德龙钢铁有限公司轧钢厂,工业试验表明,该策略可减小工作辊磨损量,使轧辊磨损更加均匀,增加弯辊力调控能力,并使工作辊单位周期轧制带钢长度延长40%,对1 250 mm热连轧产线工作辊磨损控制具有研究价值和推广前景。     

济钢1700 mm热带钢轧机的板形设定控制模型

济钢1700 mm热连轧是新建投产的宽带钢生产线,其F2-F6精轧机组装备有工作辊弯辊和窜辊技术.针对这种典型机型,在大量有限元模拟计算的基础上,开发了相应的板形设定控制模型,包括工作辊综合辊形(初始辊形、磨损辊形和热辊形之和)计算模型、支承辊综合辊形计算模型、窜辊设定计算模型和弯辊力设定计算模型等.在经历了系统设计、程序编写、离线调试、在线调试后,板形设定控制模型投入稳定运行,所有考核规格的凸度控制精度超过96%.在同宽轧制长度超过70 km的轧制单位内,各机架弯辊力设定结果能够自动适应带钢厚度和钢种的变化,且凸度控制精度超过95%.     

CSP热连轧机支持辊辊形研究

国内紧凑式热连轧带钢生产线(CSP)的精轧机均采用连续可变凸度(CVC)工作辊与常规支持辊的辊形配置,CSP轧机因具有轧制规格相对比较单一、宽度变化比较少、各机架换辊周期不同等特点,其轧辊磨损与常规热轧有所不同.通过对1800 mmCSP热连轧机支持辊磨损情况的跟踪测试与分析发现,支持辊具有2种不同的典型磨损特点,严重的支持辊磨损将影响轧机的板形控制性能,并增加辊耗.在理论分析的基础上,针对不同的磨损特点分别提出了不同的支持辊新辊形,经现场试验并通过有限元仿真计算,证明新辊形具有良好的自保持性,可在整个服役期内稳定发挥其性能.     

热轧精轧轧辊辊型设计与优选

采用五次曲线分析了某厂热轧精轧机组F1～F3机架CVC轧辊辊型系数确定方法,对比了三种辊型曲线的区别,推导了等效凸度与窜辊量间的三次函数关系;对F4～F6机架平辊的预磨凸度进行优选,明显改善了带钢的平直度.     

带钢热连轧机板形预设定策略

板形是衡量带钢产品质量的指标之一.考虑了金属的横向流动和机架间的二次变形,建立了带钢热连轧机板形预设定模型.基于板形及板凸度控制模型,提出了一种按各机架板形调控域的大小来分配精轧机组的板凸度的板形预设定策略,这种新的板形预设定策略与目前普遍采用的板形预设定策略相比,各机架弯辊力都留有余量,所以更有利于L1级进行板凸度自动控制.提出的板形预设定策略已成功应用于唐山港陆1 250 mm热轧板形控制系统改造.     

济钢1700ASP宽带钢热连轧板形设定模型的研究

为改善热轧带钢板形控制性能,提高产品板形质量,针对济南钢铁股份有限公司1700ASP宽带钢热连轧生产线,开发了特殊工作辊辊形和支撑辊辊形技术及板形过程控制系统.本文综合考虑辊形技术及轧制过程中热胀、磨损因素等对该系统中板形设定模型的影响,利用解耦思想进行来料与目标凸度的机架凸度分配,通过二维变厚度有限元方法计算辊系弹性变形并建立板形模型,最后根据实时工艺数据通过模型计算对弯辊力和窜辊量进行设定.系统自2008年投用以来运行稳定,生产表明凸度与平坦度命中率有较大提高,尤其是厚度大于6 mm、宽度大于1200 mm规格带钢的凸度偏差控制在±35 μm的比例由原来的37.9%增加到85%以上,极限薄规格带钢平坦度命中率也有较大幅度提高,具有较为广阔的推广前景.     

高强度管线钢热轧板形控制技术的研究

随着高强度管线钢的广泛运用,管线钢的板形问题越来越受到关注.由于管线钢强度大,精轧温度低,各机架轧制力普遍较大,板形难以控制.在鞍钢2150热连轧机上游机架F2到F4使用自主研发的LVC工作辊以及相应的窜辊和弯辊策略,下游机架采用常规工作辊长行程窜辊,支持辊全部采用变接触轧制技术,使得现场轧制高强度管线钢的板形控制水平得到了大幅度的提高,带钢出口凸度的合格率由原来的18.79%提高到96.27%,并且延长了换辊周期.现在该项技术已经在鞍钢2150热带钢轧机实现上机稳定运行.     

1500mm热连轧五次CVC辊形凸度控制能力分析

山西建龙1500mm热连轧产线工作辊辊形采用了五次CVC辊形,该辊形具有二次、四次凸度的综合控制能力,其辊形函数决定了辊形的凸度控制能力。为更加充分发挥现场五次CVC工作辊辊形的板形控制能力,结合实际工作辊辊形函数,通过数学的方法进行了深入的研究,发现了五次CVC辊形的辊缝二次凸度与窜辊量成近似线性关系,四次凸度与窜辊量成线性关系;辊形四次凸度控制能力随带钢宽度的减小而下降,辊形二次凸度控制能力随带钢宽度的变化成非单调变化,当所轧制带钢超出某一宽度时,带钢越宽二次凸度控制能力越弱;轧制较宽带钢时,工作辊越往负窜,对带钢边部越产生较大压下,越往正窜,对带钢中部越产生较大压下的问题。     

LVC工作辊综合辊形预测模型和应用

 在热轧带钢板形在线控制模型中,综合辊形的计算精度直接影响板形控制模型设定的准确性。建立了LVC工作辊初始辊形、热辊形和磨损辊形的计算模型,并在此基础上建立了综合辊形的等效模型和特征参数。该综合辊形等效模型已成功应用于鞍钢2150 mm热连轧在线板形控制模型中。生产数据表明,采用该模型后板形设定模型计算出的弯辊力和窜辊量能够自动适应轧制规格、轧辊磨损和热胀的变化,带钢头部凸度和平坦度的命中率均达到95%以上。     

变接触支持辊辊形及辊形配置技术在宽带钢热连轧粗轧机组的应用

首钢迁钢2 250 mm热连轧生产线在2006年底投产后1年多的时间里,带钢的板形控制精度较低,需要进一步提高。粗轧后中间坯存在镰刀弯、负凸度和楔形大的板形问题,导致精轧控制稳定性差,造成板形控制精度较低。为了解决粗轧中间坯板形的问题,在粗轧R2机架上设计并应用了6次多项式变接触支持辊辊形和负凸度工作辊辊形,取代了原来采用的平辊形。此支持辊辊形可以使辊间接触长度随所轧制带钢宽度变化,消除了有害接触区,使得辊间接触应力均匀化,并提高了辊缝横向刚度,改善了轧辊的磨损辊形,并提高了板形调控能力。工作辊负辊形弥补了工作辊的热凸度,增强了板坯轧制过程的对中和稳定性。此支持辊辊形与工作辊辊形配置使用,大幅改善了中间坯的凸度、楔形和镰刀弯等板形质量,使得热轧产品的板形质量有10%左右的提高。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.