建筑遗产的价值与保护原则体系探讨

现代意义的建筑遗产保护已经跨越了一个多世纪的历史,这期间,建筑遗产的概念、价值认知和保护理论都有很大发展。本文梳理和归纳了建筑遗产各方面的价值表现,着重论述了建筑遗产保护的十项重要原则以及由它们构成的原则体系。     

当代国际建筑遗产保护理论动向

本文首先区分了与"建筑遗产"概念紧密相关的若干概念,又通过当代大量国际会议文件梳理了建筑遗产概念及其价值判断的发展脉络;其次,通过对当代建筑遗产保护理论两大重要思潮的解读,分析了"真实性、完整性"等核心概念的相应突破;基于这些突破,阐述了当代建筑遗产保护理论的发展趋势,最后以若干案例来证明理论发展对于实践的影响.     

About Tom Schumacher

Abstract

Ethics based on subjectivity and freedom is little recognized as a plausible ground for informing the ethical practice of architectural design. Sartre's existentialism is suited to address the ethical issue of architectural design freedom and subjectivity, and, as such, to contribute to an ethical framework for architectural design practice. Sartre's philosophy is concerned with subjectivity and freedom and focuses on making choices in full awareness and acceptance of personal freedom and responsibility. Drawing on Sartrean concepts, an ethical framework for architectural design practice is proposed. It takes the form of a reflective process aiming at encouraging a clearer awareness of individual design freedom and responsibility that can lead to “authentic” architectural design practice. In this lies the value and significance of the framework for architectural design practice with regard to ethical design dilemmas.     

论近现代建筑遗产保护的制度建设

本文通过对我国文物保护制度的特征分析,探讨近现代建筑遗产保护中的若干现实问题,从国家与地方的保护法规修订变化中,发现近现代遗产保护的观念变化和制度建设的必要性。由于我国的近现代建筑遗产具有多样性的特征,由此带来保护对策的特殊性和灵活性需求。为积极保护近现代建筑遗产,文物保护的国家制度必须改进完善,而上海、厦门等城市的地方性保护实践,对保护制度的建设具有积极的借鉴意义和参考价值。     

Universal heritage value,community identities and world heritage: forms,functions, processes and context at a changing Mt Fuji

ABSTRACT

Numerous international documents underline the high identity value of cultural heritage for local communities and its potential for sustainable development. Simultaneously, the inclusion in UNESCO’s World Heritage List depends on the outstanding universal value that presumes a global community and prioritises global heritage value before the local ones. This setup holds potential tension.

This paper discusses how to define heritage communities and access their heritage identities, differentiating between landscape forms, functions, processes and context. The case study of Mt Fuji World Heritage is used to illustrate the model. While global and national communities emphasise the form of the heritage and policies target the preservation of the present visual shape, the local and religious communities identify with the functions and practices embodied by the sites. Not all communities identify with the proposed interpretative context for Mt Fuji heritage value. Additional tension arises from the Eurocentric mind-set behind world heritage expertise.     

A Careful Balance: Materialist Concern Meets Spiritual Function in Balkh,Afghanistan

ABSTRACT

This article outlines the Aga Khan Trust for Culture’s heritage preservation practices at the shrine of Khwaja Parsa in Balkh, Afghanistan. It explores how this organization’s approach to the preservation of authenticity supports both classic preservation principles whilst also showing allegiance to Islamic practices that are compatible with the way this mosque and shrine complex is used in Balkh. One focus of the critical approach to heritage research has been on describing the tension between a ‘preservationist’ approach to heritage work - with its attached focus on the values of materiality, monumentality and aesthetics - and an approach that shows allegiance to religious or spiritual traditions that make sense in situ. This paper argues against this constructed dichotomy to reveal how the Aga Khan Trust for Culture’s heritage work in Balkh empowers a hybridized, vernacularized heritage preservation practice that reflects both this organisation’s worldview and political objectives.     

基于扎根理论的贝子庙建筑遗产社会价值研究

锡林浩特市贝子庙是全国第六批文物保护单位,其历史、艺术和科学价值广泛被人们了解。随着建筑遗产保护理论的不断深入,人们对建筑遗产价值的认知已不仅仅局限于此,而是将关注点投向建筑遗产在社会发展进程中对人和社会所产生的效益与影响力,因此贝子庙建筑遗产的社会价值逐渐凸显出来。应用扎根理论研究方法构建贝子庙建筑遗产社会价值的理论模型,从六个方面予以分析与梳理,进一步挖掘其价值内涵,旨在为今后贝子庙建筑遗产的保护作为依据参考。     

试论建筑遗产保护中的真实性*

真实性是建筑遗产保护理论与实践中的重要概念,目前国内对真实性的判断和解读还存在一定争议。本文试从判断逻辑、价值视角、本土语境三方面,对建筑遗产的真实性进行分析解读,以期为真实性在建筑遗产保护中的应用提供新的视角和思路。     

近代建筑遗产保护与城市历史文化传承——以西安为例

从所处地位和保护现状两方面论述西安近代建筑遗产保护所面临的困境,进而指出造成困境的根源是西安近代建筑遗产在价值认知中存在价值取向单一化和价值判定标准模式化两个误区。最后,在分析近代建筑遗产保护与城市历史文化传承关系的基础上,提出西安近代建筑多元和地区的建筑遗产价值观。     

基于CVM的上海豫园非使用价值评估

建筑遗产是人类文化遗产中的一种重要文化资源,它具有使用价值和非使用价值.以上海豫园为例,采用条件价值法对其非使用价值进行评估,得到上海豫园每年的非使用价值为4 969.84万元.这从一定程度上反映了建筑遗产作使用价值的货币化结果,由此提醒人们在建筑遗产保护与利用过程中应注重其内在价值,不要片面追求建筑遗产的使用价值,同时也为建筑遗产保护与利用决策提供一定的参考.     

梅溪实验——陈芳故居保护与利用设计研究

本文以珠海历史名人陈芳故居及周边历史地段为研究对象,对建筑遗产保护的历史观和方法论及其工程实践进行了阐述,也是以建筑人类学视角对风土建筑遗产进行实验性探索的设计案例之一.     

我国建筑遗产保护与利用立法研究

以建筑遗产概念的内涵演变及其价值的多重性开篇,探讨了我国建筑遗产立法现状与不足,并在此基础上,以意大利建筑遗产保护和利用理念及立法的发展历程为借鉴,结合我国目前建筑遗产保护和利用理念及实践发展现状,对我国建筑遗产保护和利用的立法提出了分类保护原则等建议。     

Kuwaiti architectural modernity: an unfinished project

This paper examines Kuwait's unfinished modern project, its architectural heritage, the actors that mobilised and decided its trajectory, and some of the factors that interrupted its path to completion. This broad critique, with a special focus on architecture and the city, draws from debates on top-down planning to map the evolution and initial celebration of al-`Imārah al-Hadītha, or modern architecture, followed by its slow erasure through acts of demolition. Focusing on the period from 1950 to 1980, this study provides a critical reading of Kuwaiti modern heritage and suggests a sustainable approach towards its conservation. The paper argues that the destruction of Kuwait's modern heritage erodes progressive socio-cultural values tied to a mid-twentieth century architectural debate on authenticity, identity and modern self-expression. It also contributes to architectural histories of modernity and bridges the gap between those in the established canon and ones outside its margins.     

木结构建筑遗产价值综合评价方法研究

建筑遗产综合价值评估成果的量化是遗产保护价值评价中的重点与难点。结合国内相关理论研究成果和国外实践,对中国传统木结构建筑（遗产）价值综合评估的方法和程序进行探讨,以实现对遗产价值的理性判断。     

A Survey of Architectural Library Resources

Abstract

An alternative practice such as the Gulf Coast Community Design Studio is shaped by alternative values and uses alternative working methods. The values of service, proximity, and experience define the boundaries of the work and the relationships with the community. The alternative working methods, including the method of compensation, the working space, and the social interaction with the community, create open-ended, horizontal associations to sustain a long-term, community-based practice. The lesson learned is, while the day-to-day activities internal to the practice are conventional, the alternative values and working methods are developed on the boundaries where the work engages the community.     

建筑遗产价值评价方法研究

该文总结了我国对于建筑遗产价值评价的研究现状,分析了影响建筑遗产价值的因素,并且着重探讨了建筑遗产价值评价的方法。选取了可能用于建筑遗产价值评价的多指标综合评价方法进行阐述,并根据建筑遗产的特性建立了相关方法的改进模型。     

Toward a Geography of the Globalization of Architecture Office Networks

Abstract

This paper examines the globalization of architectural practice, focusing on the global strategies of architectural firms in relation to those of advanced business services and to the evolving network of world cities that provides the spatial framework for economic globalization. A basic geography of global architecture office networks is identified, and multivariate statistical analysis is used to identify four distinctive global arenas in which architectural firms are involved. In a final section, the implications of these findings for architectural education are discussed.     

Granadan Reflections

ABSTRACT

This paper explores a practice of historical reflection grounded in the city of Granada’s aesthetic and architectural heritage. From the publication of Washington Irving’s Tales of Alhambra, in 1823, up through today, Granada has been a highly celebrated destination for travelers and tourists, drawn by the sublimity of its romantic oriental splendor. Yet, although the city is well known for the Orientalist fantasy it puts on display for touristic consumption, here I consider a form of reflection that cannot be encompassed within the protocols of discourse and experience mobilized by the tourist industry, and that indeed, may challenge those protocols and the assumptions about history and geography they entail. Specifically, drawing on the work of the late-nineteenth-century Spanish writer, Angel Ganivet, I trace a tradition of reflection that engages the city’s unique sensory and architectural configuration as the basis from which to reassess Spain’s relation to both Islam and Europe. I conclude with some general observations on the way the sensory and material infrastructure of Moorish Spain mediates and conditions the possibilities of finding a place for Islam in the country today.     

混合遗产视野下的建筑遗产保护规划编制初探——以之江大学旧址为例

混合遗产地自然和文化的双重属性和价值对其内的建筑遗产保护提出了挑战。现行建筑遗产保护规划只体现了文物单纯的本位价值观,而忽视了混合遗产地的特性及其对保护区划分、空间格局保护及遗产保护策略的主导性和先决性。重新审视了处于混合遗产地的建筑遗产保护问题,对现行建筑遗产保护规划编制流程和技术方法进行归纳,并提出了"以文化遗产为主导的并行式混合遗产地"的建筑遗产保护规划编制框架,在混合遗产视野下经过对自然遗产的评价和考量,对以建筑遗产评价为主导的保护区规划做出修正和补充,并对自然与文化价值保护中可能存在的利益博弈进行评估,提出兼容性的整体保护措施,并结合之江大学旧址保护规划对其进行实践验证。     

基于遗产廊道模式的工业建筑遗产保护更新研究 ——以世界锡都个旧为例

锡都个旧拥有悠久的锡矿采炼史, 催生了以鸡街火车站①为代表的工业建筑遗产 群。在当地独特的地理条件和复杂的社会背 景下,该地区建筑呈现出多元化风貌特征。通 过对锡工业建筑历史的追溯、特征的解析和 价值的解读,客观地分析了工业遗产面临的 诸多问题,借鉴国外遗产廊道实例,提出绿色 廊道、游道、遗产、解说策略等个旧工业建筑 遗产的保护和更新方法。