动态PMM实验的数值模拟及线性导数获取方法

PMM (Planar Motion Mechanism)是一种可以较为全面分析水面水下航行体水动力导数的实验机构。该文基于非定常RANS方程和Realizedk-ε湍流模式,并结合重叠网格技术对SUBOFF潜艇动态PMM实验中的纯首摇运动进行数值模拟,获取纯首摇运动中的水动力,并根据多工况结果进行过原点线性拟合处理,获取水动力线性导数。重点针对文献中PMM运动的数值模拟在线性导数的处理方法上存在的问题,详细给出获取线性导数的途径,并提出PMM运动的数值模拟在研究水下低速作业潜器水动力特性方面的优势。     

水下潜器航行水动力导数CFD计算

良好的操纵性能,对于水下潜器顺利高效地执行任务至关重要。因此,在新型水下机器人的初步设计阶段,就应该对其操纵性能给与评估。精确计算水下机器人的水动力导数,是准确评价其操纵性能的关键。目前,计算水动力导数最流行的方法是船模实验法,但需要复杂的实验设备,且成本高并费大量时间,而采用数值模拟方法计算水动力导数就能克服上述缺点。本文基于开源CFD工具包Open FOAM开发的水动力学求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU[1],采用SST-DES方法,对万米水下潜器(ARV)在不同漂角和攻角工况下,进行了数值斜航实验模拟。通过数值计算得到了作用在ARV上的水动力和力矩,回归得到相应的水动力导数值。为进一步根据潜艇六自由度运动方程,进行运动仿真模拟提供了基础。结果表明,对ARV进行数值模拟能够高效快速地计算ARV的水动力导数,进而对ARV的操纵性能进行预报,指导水下机器人的设计。     

深吃水对柱式半潜平台涡激运动数值模拟

该文采用专门面向船舶与海洋工程问题自主开发的CFD求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU,基于不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程及延迟的分离涡模拟(Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulation, DDES)方法,模拟了新型的深吃水对柱式半潜平台在不同折合速度下的涡激运动(Vortex-Induced Motions, VIM)响应。首先采用不同的湍流模型进行静水拖曳数值模拟,并将结果与他人的模型试验比较。然后对静水中的平台进行横向运动及首摇的数值自由衰减测试,并将自由衰减测试得到周期与模型试验比较,验证了该文采用的弹簧系统等效刚度与模型试验一致。在此基础上对平台在不同折合速度下的涡激运动进行了数值模拟,将标称横荡响应、平均过零周期与模型试验比较,并分析了平台涡激运动响应幅值、频率随折合速度的变化规律。     

用大涡模拟方法数值模拟Spar平台涡激运动问题

该文采用基于开源代码计算流体力学工具包Open FOAM开发的船舶与海洋工程水动力学求解器naoeFOAM-SJTU,对一座Spar模型的硬舱部分进行了涡激运动的数值模拟。采用大涡模拟方法数值模拟了不同折合速度下Spar模型的涡激运动情况,并与Finnigan等[1,2]的模型试验结果作了对比和分析,证明了求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU在模拟涡激运动方面的可靠性。     

MPS方法数值模拟减摇水舱晃荡流动问题

船舶六自由度运动中,横摇对船舶的安全性影响十分严重。船舶在设计建造时,常采用减摇装置来降低横摇运动对船舶安全的危害。其中,减摇水舱因其结构简单、经济、便于养护,且在低航速和无航速情况下仍能发挥作用而得到广泛应用。为对减摇水舱的减摇特性进行深入研究,该文采用基于半隐式移动粒子MPS方法开发的MLParticle-SJTU求解器,对三维矩形被动式减摇水舱的晃荡进行了数值模拟。首先,进行了减摇水舱和舱内液体晃荡在外界激励下耦合运动的模拟,并将模拟结果与空舱横摇情况进行对比,证明了减摇水舱的减摇效果。然后,将减摇水舱横摇角的历时变化曲线与实验结果进行对比,验证了MPS方法的适用性与可靠性。最后,分析了减摇力矩与外界激励力矩之间的相位差,解释了减摇水舱的工作原理。     

自航船舶在首斜浪中航向保持的数值模拟

自航船舶在复杂海浪环境下的运动可以直接反映船舶的航向保持能力。该文借助自主开发的船舶水动力学求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU,数值研究了自航船舶在首斜浪工况下的航向保持性能。数值计算中通过重叠网格技术结合多级物体运动模块实现船桨舵的复杂耦合运动求解,入射波浪通过自主开发的数值造波模块实现,并且开发了航向控制模块实现航向保持的数值模拟。通过计算得出了船舶在首斜浪工况下的六自由度运动、螺旋桨的推力和扭矩、舵角的历时曲线,以及船舶的运动轨迹。数值计算结果同东京2015 CFD研讨会上的模型试验数据吻合良好,验证了直接数值求解波浪中船舶航向保持问题的可靠性。同时,还给出了自航船舶在首斜浪中的自由面变化,以便进一步分析船舶在波浪下的航向保持问题。     

湍流流动计算在管道式离心泵性能预测中的应用

本文在双参考系下,选用标准κ-ε湍流模式,利用有限控制体积法对雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程进行数值离散,采用Simple方法求解,对实际的管道式离心泵产品在不同工况下进行了三维粘性数值模拟。根据数值模拟的结果,分别分析了泵吸水管、叶轮和涡壳内的压力分布和速度分布,计算了泵的扬程、轴功率和效率,并与试验进行了对比,验证了计算方法的可行性。本文的工作对离心泵性能预测和优化设计具有重要意义。     

系泊系统对海上浮式风机运动响应的影响分析

通过建立一种海上浮式风机运动响应的时域耦合数值计算方法,分析系泊系统对于运动响应的影响。该计算方法由气动力模块、水动力模块、系泊模块和浮体运动求解模块组成。气动力模块采用叶素动量法;水动力模块采用势流理论,通过边界元法进行数值模拟;系泊模块采用悬链线模型,利用Chebyshev多项式拟合计算;浮体运动求解模块采用Runge-Kutta法进行时域计算。根据对OC3-Hywind spar浮式风机进行建模求解,分析了系泊系统对于浮式风机运动响应的影响。     

深浅水中KVLCC船体横荡运动水动力数值计算

通过求解非定常RANS方程,选取SST k-ω湍流模型,采用全六面体网格进行离散,在忽略自由面兴波影响的情况下,对KVLCC1裸船体在深水和浅水中的PMM试验纯横荡运动粘性流场进行了数值模拟,计算了作用在船体上的水动力和力矩;通过将计算结果与现有的试验数据对比,验证了该文方法的有效性.在此基础上,根据水动力和力矩计算结果,计算得到了船舶横荡运动线性水动力导数.     

强迫运动柱体附加质量与阻尼系数的CFD计算

基于CFD的RANS方法,计入粘性和自由面的影响,模拟船舶剖面柱体的单自由度强迫摇荡运动,得到横荡、升沉、横摇及横荡对横摇的附加质量与阻尼系数,并与试验进行了比较,符合良好。两种不同网格进行试算比较表明:整体域移动网格的稳定性和计算效率要优于局部重划的非结构网格。最后,针对加装了舭龙骨的柱体进行强迫横摇运动模拟,求解大幅度横摇下的横摇阻尼,分析了舭龙骨尺度对横摇阻尼的影响。各种计算表明:无论是线性还是大幅度非线性运动,粘性CFD方法能有效地预报耐波性中各种运动模态的的水动力系数。     

Numerical prediction of hydrodynamic forces on a ship passing through a lock with different configurations简

A CFD method is used to numerically predict the hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on a ship passing through a lock with a constant speed. By solving the RANS equations in combination with the RNG k-e turbulence model, the unsteady viscous flow around the ship is simulated and the hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on the ship are calculated. UDF is com-piled to define the ship motion. Meanwhile, grid regeneration is dealt with by using the dynamic mesh method and sliding interface technique. Under the assumption of low ship speed, the effects of free surface elevation are neglected in the numerical simulation. A bulk carrier ship model is taken as an example for the numerical study. The numerical results are presented and compared with the available experimental results. By analyzing the numerical results obtained for locks with different configurations, the influences of approach wall configuration, lock configuration symmetry and lock chamber breadth on the hydrodynamic forces and moments are demonstrated. The numerical method applied in this paper can qualitatively predict the ship-lock hydrodynamic interaction and pro-vide certain guidance on lock design.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FISH SWIMMING WITH RIGID PECTORAL FINS

The numerical simulation of the self-propelled motion of a fish with a pair of rigid pectoral fins is presented.A Navier-Stokes equation solver incorporating with the multi-block and overset grid method is developed to deal with the multi-body and moving body problems.The lift-based swimming mode is selected for the fin motion.In the lift-based swimming mode,the fin can generate great thrust and at the same time have no generation of lift force.It can be found when a pair of rigid pectoral fins generates the hydrodynamic moment,it may also generate a lateral force opposite to the centripetal direction,which has adverse effect on the turn motion of the fish.Furthermore,the periodic vortex structure generation and shedding,and their effects on the generation of hydrodynamic force are also demonstrated in this article.     

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF SUBMARINE HYDRODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS USING CFD SIMULATION

The submarine Hydrodynamic coefficients are predicted by numerical simulations.Steady and unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) simulations are carried out to numerically simulate the oblique towing experiment and the Planar Motion Mechanism(PMM) experiment performed on the SUBOFF submarine model.The dynamic mesh method is adopted to simulate the maneuvering motions of pure heaving,pure swaying,pure pitching and pure yawing.The hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on the maneuvering submarine are obtained.Consequently,by analyzing these results,the hydrodynamic coefficients of the submarine maneuvering motions can be determined.The computational results are verified by comparison with experimental data,which show that this method can be used to estimate the hydrodynamic derivatives of a fully appended submarine.     

浅窄航道会遇船舶水动力相互作用数值计算

该文应用CFD软件对两船在浅窄航道中会遇时的水动力相互作用进行数值研究,通过求解非定常RANS方程并结合RNG k-ε湍流模型,采用动网格技术及UDF进行船舶运动过程中的网格更新,对两船沿平行直线航行时的三维非定常黏性流场进行数值模拟,并对其相互作用水动力进行了计算。首先通过计算结果与试验数据进行对比,验证了数值方法的可行性和有效性;随后对四种船型在不同水深、航道宽度、两船航速比和船-船横向间距下的水动力进行了系列计算,通过结果分析得出了以上因素对两船会遇水动力相互作用的影响规律。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TRANSIENT FLOW AROUND A SHIP IN UNSTEADY BERTHING MOTION

Ship berthing is a specific maneuver operation. The flow around a berthing ship and the forces acting on the hull are quite different from those for a ship in normal navigation. By solving the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, the transient flow field around a ship undergoing unsteady lateral motion is simulated and the varying lateral hydrodynamic force acting on the hull is evaluated in this article. The numerical results obtained with different turbulence models are analyzed and compared with experimental results and other numerical results published in literature, and a turbulence model more suitable for simulation of the viscous flow around a ship undergoing unsteady berthing is determined.     

Assessment of ship manoeuvrability by using a coupling between a nonlinear transient manoeuvring model and mathematical programming techmques

In this paper, a numerical method based on a coupling between a mathematical model of nonlinear transient ship manoeuvring motion in the horizontal plane and Mathematical Programming （MP） techniques is proposed. The aim of the proposed procedure is an efficient estimation of optimal ship hydrodynamic parameters in a dynamic model at the early design stage. The proposed procedure has been validated through turning circle and zigzag manoeuvres based on experimental data of sea trials of the 190 000- dwt oil tanker. Comparisons between experimental and computed data show a good agreement of overall tendency in manoeuvring traiectories.     

前置导管节能效果数值计算与分析

前置导管作为一种典型的船舶节能装置,被广泛地应用于商船。该文分别对带前置导管与不带前置导管的JBC(Japan Bulk Carrier)进行带桨与不带桨数值计算,研究前置导管的节能效果。文中数值计算采用的求解器为上海交通大学基于开源代码平台Open FOAM与重叠网格技术自主开发的求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU。该文通过试验值和CFD计算值对前置导管的节能效果进行评估,表明数值模拟结果与试验值吻合较好。     

COMPUTATION OF SHIP MANOEUVRING RELATED VISCOUS FLOW AND HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES

An efficient multi block incompressible viscous flow solver based on solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations numerically has been developed that can be applied to simulation of a variety of ship maneuvering related flows and calculation of hydrodynamic forces. Valida tion and verification of the solution procedure were carried out on several model problems with good agreement to experimental and numerical results.     

基于三种方法的螺旋桨敞水性能数值预报

该文基于三种不同的CFD方法:多重坐标参考系法(MRF)、任意网格界面元法(AMI)和重叠网格方法(Overset)对某一四叶螺旋桨的敞水性能进行数值模拟和预报,并对螺旋桨周围的流场进行了分析。其中,对于任意网格界面元法(AMI)与多重坐标参考系法(MRF),分别采用开源CFD计算软件Open FOAM所提供的求解器pimple Dy MFoam与MRFSimple Foam进行计算;对于重叠网格方法(Overset),采用基于Open FOAM平台开发的具有重叠网格模块的船舶与海洋工程水动力求解器—naoe-FOAM-SJTU进行求解。通过与试验结果的对比以及方法间的比较,验证了三种方法在螺旋桨敞水性能预报中的可靠性和有效性,并总结了各方法的特征与优劣。同时也对螺旋桨附近的流场特征进行了讨论与分析。     

SIMULATION OF TANK SLOSHING BASED ON OPENFOAM AND COUPLING WITH SHIP MOTIONS IN TIME DOMAIN

Tank sloshing in ship cargo is excited by ship motions, which induces impact load on tank wall and then affects the ship motion. Wave forces acting on ship hull and the retardation function are solved by using three-dimensional frequency domain theory and an impulse response function method based on the potential flow theory, and global ship motion is examined coupling with nonlinear tank sloshing which is simulated by viscous flow theory. Based on the open source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) development platform Open Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM), numerical calculation of ship motion coupled with tank sloshing is achieved and the corresponding numerical simulation and validation are carried out. With this method, the interactions of wave, ship body and tank sloshing are completely taken into consideration. This method has quite high efficiency for it takes advantage of potential flow theory for outer flow field and viscous flow theory for inside tank sloshing respectively. The numerical and experimental results of the ship motion agree well with each other.