汽车用冷轧宽带钢的进展和发展对策

汽车用钢板代表了宽带钢生产的最高水平,在近20年来得到了迅速发展。宝钢生产的宽带钢是以我国汽车行业为主要服务对象,为参与宝钢产品开发本文较全面地分析了国际上汽车用钢板的发展道路和不同时期对钢板品种和质量上的要求,介绍了现代新型汽车用材的发展趋势和已有水平,给出了部分新产品的特点,工艺控制关键和所采用的新技术设备。在分析我国今后10年汽车工业的发展前景的基础上,总结国外汽车用钢发展的经验,提出了适合我国汽车工业发展宽带钢应遵循的发展道路,应优先开发的品种及今后发展我国汽车用钢板工业的方针和对策。     

汽车用钢板产品和标准的发展

简要介绍了汽车用钢板的生产使用情况,并结合汽车用钢板国家标准现状和制修订情况,对下一步标准化工作进行了计划和展望。     

高强度船体结构用钢EH40生产实践

介绍了唐山中厚板材有限公司高强度船体结构用钢EH40的生产情况.采用铁水预处理、转炉自动炼钢、LF精炼、RH精炼、连铸重压下、电磁搅拌等国内先进技术,对钢水纯净度及连铸坯质量进行了有效控制.以低碳微合金化配合适当的控轧控冷工艺成功生产了高强度船体结构用钢EH40.钢板在-40℃下的横向和纵向夏比冲击功＞ 210 J.焊...     

石油化工设备用钢的现状及发展概况

通过国内许多石油化工设备制造厂及钢厂的大量生产实例,从低合金高强度钢、低温石油化工设备用钢、中温抗氢钢及不锈钢复合钢板等方面,详细介绍了国产石油化工设备用钢的现状及发展概况.     

Q390GJD特厚钢板Z向性能不合格原因分析

针对5500 mm厚板线生产过程中出现的正火态100 mm厚Q390GJD钢板Z35性能不合格的情况,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜等检验手段,对Z向不合钢板进行组织形貌及夹杂物成分分析。结果表明,导致钢板Z35性能不合格的主要原因是中心部位存在带状组织偏析以及Mn S夹杂。提出了控制钢水中Mn S数量及形态、优化加热、控轧及热处理工艺等措施,实施后取得了良好的效果。     

汽车用合金化热镀锌钢板的发展趋向

论述了国内外汽车用合金化热镀锌钢板的发展趋向。简要介绍了合金化热镀锌IF钢的传统强化方法和新强化技术的应用，并指出该钢种主要是在保证优良成型性能的前提下逐渐向高强化方向发展；详细介绍了340MPa级别合金化热镀锌烘烤硬化钢的开发情况，指出该钢种主要向易成型、抗粉化和抗时效方向发展；简要介绍了合金化热镀锌低碳当量型高强钢和双相钢的开发进展情况，指出该钢种主要向易成型方向发展。还简述了目前合金化热镀锌TRIP钢的开发进展情况，并指出我国应大力发展汽车用合金化热镀锌钢板，特别是高强度级别的合金化热镀锌钢板，以满足我国飞速发展的汽车工业需求。     

耐候结构用钢在电力铁塔钢结构上应用的可行性分析

结合电力铁塔用钢结构应用现状,分析了耐候结构用钢在电力铁塔钢结构上应用的可行性,分析认为耐候结构用钢耐大气腐蚀性能和工艺力学性能均要优于同级别的碳素结构或低合金结构用钢板,同时从综合成本、环境保护、全服役期内的安全性、生产制作、后期维护等方面比较,耐候结构用钢均比当前电力铁塔用热镀锌型钢有较大优势,完全具备应用和推广的可行性。     

球磨机用Q345-LCLA钢板的工艺研究

介绍了球磨机用Q345-LCLA钢板的成分设计、加热、轧制和冷却工艺,通过采用微合金化和控轧控冷相结合的工艺技术,实现以低碳当量生产实物质量优良的低合金高强度钢板。     

高层建筑用厚板的开发

采用合理的成分设计和二阶段控制轧制工艺及热处理工艺,在鞍钢股份有限公司鲅鱼圈钢铁分公司5500厚板生产线成功开发了最大厚度100mm高层建筑用厚板Q345GJC,钢板组织、性能及析出物分析结果表明：产品微观组织结构合理,具有高强度、高韧性和高Z向性能及低屈强比等特点,性能富余量较高。     

高层建筑用厚板的开发

采用合理的成分设计和二阶段控制轧制工艺及热处理工艺,在鞍钢股份有限公司鲅鱼圈钢铁分公司5500厚板生产线成功开发了最大厚度100 mm高层建筑用厚板Q345GJC,钢板组织、性能及析出物分析结果表明:产品微观组织结构合理,具有高强度、高韧性和高Z向性能及低屈强比等特点,性能富余量较高。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness.

The constructs of intelligence and ego-resiliency are discussed. The personality implications of "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were identified. Intelligence (IQ) was indexed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS—R) and ego-resiliency by an inventory scale. Residual scores measuring "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were correlated with the items of the observer based California Q-sort, used to describe participants. Persons relatively high on ego-resilience tend to be more competent and comfortable in the "fuzzier" interpersonal world; persons defined primarily by raw IQ tend to be effective in the "clearer" world of structured work but tend also to be uneasy with affect and less able to realize satisfying human connections. Gender differences exist in the relations of ego-resilience and intelligence and in their adaptive relevance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Conserving and retaining equalities and inequalities through observation and correction.

Investigated the effects of modeling and corrective feedback on the conservation of equalities and inequalities, with items spanning 3 stimulus dimensions (length, number, and 2-dimensional space). Ss were 48 kindergartners (24 boys, 24 girls). Brief observation of a model, briefer correction training (joining positive feedback with verbal rule provision), and the combination of observation and correction were all successful in producing learning and, without further training, transfer and retention of conservation. Unlike the controls (who also never correctly answered any equality items), the trained experimental Ss gave evidence of spontaneously generalizing their new learning to a task that required nonverbal behavior to manifest conservation. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reasoning and food and contamination.

Examines strategies that are used to reason about food and contamination. In Exp 1, Ss refrained from choosing a substance that had been given a "poison" label when the intent of the labeler was ambiguous or malicious but preferred this substance when a rationale was provided that dispelled the implication that there once might have been contaminants present. Exp 2 was designed to compare the effects of safety on conditional reasoning in food and food-irrelevant contexts. When the safety issue was relevant to food in the form of contamination, Ss were most likely to use formal logic in reasoning. A similar pattern of responses was found in Exp 3 on tasks for which Ss' ratings of their experience of contexts were matched for plausibility, experience, and danger. Results are discussed in terms of an adaptive constraint that facilitates rationality in reasoning within the food domain (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.