我国植物提取物的应用现状及发展策略

天然药物(包括植物药、动物药)和生物工程药已成为21世纪最热门的药物。一方面，随着社会的发展，人类疾病谱已悄然发生改变，医疗模式已由单纯的疾病治疗转变为预防、保健、治疗、康复相结合的模式，各种替代医学和传统医学正在发挥着越来越大的作用，人类“回归自然”的呼声越来越高，使传统医药倍受青睐。另一方面，我国加入WT0组织后，中国医药市场融入国际医药市场的广度和深度将进一步增加。     

植物成分化妆品研究进展

植物成分化妆品在近年来备受关注,因其自然和绿色的特点而受到广大消费者的喜爱。本论文旨在综述植物成分化妆品的研究进展,包括植物成分的应用和其功效等方面。通过文献综述,发现越来越多的研究探索了各种植物提取物在化妆品中的应用,如花卉提取物、植物油和植物精华等。这些植物成分在化妆品中具有抗氧化、抗皱、美白和保湿等功效。此外,还总结了植物成分化妆品研究进展的挑战和未来发展方向,如提高植物成分的稳定性和有效性,并进行更深入的安全性评估。期望对今后开发植物成分化妆品提供一些参考。     

儿童保健链式服务模式探讨

随着医学模式的转变,儿童保健工作已涉及儿童的发育与行为、营养、健康促进和疾病综合管理等诸多方面[1],近年来,我院儿童保健科尝试实行儿童保健链式服务,有效推动了我院儿童保健各项业务的发展,取得了良好的社会效益和较好的经济效益,现将我院儿童保健链式服务模式做以下介绍。     

纳米脂质体在包裹植物化学提取物技术中的应用

现如今，随着生活水平得到了提高，女性对化妆品的需求量越来越多，对化妆品品质的要求已从单一护理性化妆品转向具有高保湿、抗衰老、防晒、美白和祛斑等功能性护肤品。本文着重对植物化学提取物、植物化学提取物的功效作用、纳米脂质体的结构功能和载植物化学提取物纳米脂质体作为功能性成分的载体在化妆品制剂中的作用进行阐述。     

植物提取物防脱生发机制研究进展

脱发是一种常见的皮肤性疾病,随着人们生活节奏的加快,脱发现象变得越来越严重,给人们的精神、心理健康产生了极大的影响。毛囊是控制毛发生长的皮肤附属器官,对药物、激素等体外因素十分敏感,而植物提取物可以延长毛囊生长期,阻止毛囊从生长期进入退行期,促进毛囊从休止期到生长期的转变,促进毛发生长。文章综合分析近年来国内外关于植物提取物在生发育发应用中的研究成果,概述植物提取物对毛囊细胞不同信号通路的调控机制,以期为植物提取物生发育发的机制研究和临床脱发治疗药物开发提供理论依据。     

现代人亚健康状态的中医学分析

亚健康是处于健康与疾病之间的状态,但找不出实质性病变,患者却具有种种不适感。亚健康状态的研究已成为国内外关注的热点问题,运用中医学辨证论治的理论和方法,将有助于正确认识及准确防治亚健康状态,其优势将日益显现。本文将对亚健康状态及其中医学角度的应对措施进行分析与探讨。     

医患沟通在实现生物心理社会医学模式中的应用

随着临床医学,基础医学的发展及环境医学和社会医学的崛起,医学模式已由疾病为中心模式向群体、保健、预防和主动参与为特点的以病人为中心的生物、心理、社会的综合治疗模式转变,这种转变给医务工作者提出了更高的要求,更广泛、更人性化的职业内容。而要适应这种特定的职业,完成其特定的职业责任,必须建立一个良好的医患关系。     

体检中心静脉采血的护理管理

随着生活水平的不断提高,医疗模式的转变,人们越来越关注自己的健康,体检已成为人们保健的重要手段,亦为发现亚健康人群的重要渠道。越来越多的人群加入体检的行列。但在静脉采血过程中往往发生一些问题,通过一系列努力,投诉率,并发症发生率,护士的消极性都大大的明显降低。     

对多元文化护理的认识

由于现代社会经济的快速发展,医学模式的转变和系统化优质护理服务的开展,患者对护理服务质量提出了更高的要求。要求医护人员把护理工作从单纯的技术操作,扩展到患者的心理、精神、环境、社会等因素的影响作用。     

现代生物技术在医学中的应用浅谈

随着现代社会和科学技术水平的不断提高,现代生物技术发展越来越快速,特别是在医学中的发展非常迅速,成果也十分显著,还具有十分良好的发展优势和前景。笔者首先阐述了现代生物技术,进而对其在医学中的疾病预防、诊断、治疗以及药物制造中的应用进行上相关的分析和研究,并从中了解到现代生物技术对医学领域有着非常重要的意义。     

Optimal Simultaneous Design and Operational Planning of Vegetable Extraction Processes

A general multiperiod linear optimization model is proposed in this study that targets the simultaneous design and operation planning decisions of a multiproduct batch plant for the production of vegetable extracts. A multiperiod environment is considered because of the market and/or seasonal fluctuations. Thereby, the model considers changes from period to period of demands, costs, prices and raw materials supplies. The objective function maximizes the net present value of the profit considering incomes, investments and resources costs, and both product and raw material inventory costs. In the plant design problem, the sequence of operations is already defined and the pursued goal is to determine both unit sizes and its configuration in the plant. Besides the usual duplication in parallel option, a novel design alternative is included which allows adding units in series to perform a given operation. The optimal design is determined by taking into account available discrete sizes of units which corresponds to the real procurement of equipments. The model is formulated by using the linear generalized disjunctive programming (LGDP). A particular plant that produces oleoresins (solvent extracts of herbs and spices) is used to illustrate the proposed approach. Nevertheless, the developed model is general and can thus be applied to any vegetable extraction process.     

Influence of Stimuli from Camellia japonica on Ovipositional Behavior of Generalist Herbivore Epiphyas postvittana

Stimuli from the plant Camellia japonica that influence the host-finding and acceptance behaviors of adult females of the generalist herbivore Epiphyas postvittana were investigated. In a binary choice test in a small (35-cm-diam.) arena, females discriminated between a plant and a laminated card model, laying many more eggs on the plant. Observations of females showed that the greater number of eggs laid on the plant were primarily due to on-plant behaviors, with females spending significantly more time per visit on the plant than on the model. Interestingly, females landed a similar number of times on the plant as on the model, suggesting that volatile chemicals from the plant did not influence host-finding. This observation was further supported by wind-tunnel studies, in which females showed little or no upwind flight activity in response to plants and laid similar numbers of eggs on upwind and downwind plants. Leaf surface texture, a combination of smoothness and fine structure (consisting of the midvein and other raised leaf veins), was found to stimulate egg laying by females. Methanol, dichloromethane, and pentane extracts were made of the waxes on the leaf surface. Of these three extracts, only the nonpolar (pentane) one stimulated egg laying by females. Although we did not find a role for volatile plant chemicals in host finding, they appeared to stimulate increased egg laying when the female was on the plant. It appears likely that these chemical and tactile stimuli in C. japonica are general stimuli, which may be found in a large number of plants and, in combination with the feeding preferences of the larva, may explain the generalist herbivorous nature of this pest.     

从现代生物心理社会医学模式谈医学生的人文教育

生命科学的进化使医学科学日益呈现出综合化和多元化的发展趋势,并与自然科学、社会科学、人文科学、工程技术科学相互渗透融合,形成一些新的交叉学科,从而促进医学自身的发展。医学学科的发展也对新型医学人才的培养模式提出了严峻的挑战,要求现代医学人才既精通专业知识,又具有宽泛的人文社科知识。随着社会的发展和医学模式的转变,在医学教育中加强人文教育已经成为医学教育模式改革的迫切要求。     

Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Activities of Methanolic Extracts from Ligustrum vulgare L. as an Individual Treatment and in Combination with Palladium Complex

The aim of this study is to examine the growth inhibitory effects of methanolic leaf and fruit extracts of L. vulgare on HCT-116 cells over different time periods and their synergistic effect with a Pd(apox) complex. The antiproliferative activity of plant extracts alone or in combination with the Pd(apox) complex was determined using MTT cell viability assay, where the IC(50) value was used as a parameter of cytotoxicity. Results show that antiproliferative effects of L. vulgare extracts increase with extension of exposure time, with decreasing IC(50) values, except for 72 h where the IC(50) values for methanolic leaf extract were lower than for the fruit extract. The Pd(apox) complex alone had a weak antiproliferative effect, but combination with L. vulgare extracts caused stronger effects with lower IC(50) values than with L. vulgare extracts alone. The type of cell death was explored by fluorescence microscopy using the acridin orange/ethidium bromide method. Treatments with plant extracts caused typical apoptotic morphological changes in HCT-116 cells and co-treatments with Pd(apox) complex caused higher levels of apoptotic cells than treatment with plant extracts alone. The results indicate that L. vulgare is a considerable source of natural bioactive substances with antiproliferative activity on HCT-116 cells and which have a substantial synergistic effect with the Pd(apox) complex.     

孜然在农业植物病原真菌上的抑菌活性研究

以小麦赤霉病菌、玉米大斑病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、番茄灰霉病菌为供试菌种,对孜然的茎干、种子及种子的不同溶剂提取物进行了抑菌活性测定,结果表明,孜然(Cumlnum.cyminum)种子对菌丝的抑菌活性高,且其乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌活性高于其它5种溶剂提取物,对辣椒疫霉病菌菌丝的EC50最小,为6.1335g/L。     

Experience-Induced Habituation and Preference Towards Non-Host Plant Odors in Ovipositing Females of a Moth

In phytophagous insects, experience can increase positive responses towards non-host plant extracts or induce oviposition on non-host plants, but the underlying chemical and behavioral mechanisms are poorly understood. By using the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, its host plant Chinese cabbage, and a non-host plant Chrysanthemum morifolium, as a model system, we observed the experience-altered olfactory responses of ovipositing females towards volatiles of the non-host plant, volatiles of pure chemicals (p-cymene and α-terpinene) found in the non-host plant, and volatiles of host plants treated with these chemicals. We assessed the experience-altered oviposition preference towards host plants treated with p-cymene. Naive females showed aversion to the odors of the non-host plant, the pure chemicals, and the pure chemical-treated host plants. In contrast, experienced females either became attracted by these non-host odors or were no longer repelled by these odors. Similarly, naive females laid a significantly lower proportion of eggs on pure chemical-treated host plants than on untreated host plants, but experienced females laid a similar or higher proportion of eggs on pure chemical-treated host plants compared to untreated host plants. Chemical analysis indicated that application of the non-host pure chemicals on Chinese cabbage induced emissions of volatiles by this host plant. We conclude that induced preference for previously repellent compounds is a major mechanism that leads to behavioral changes of this moth towards non-host plants or their extracts.     

Combined chemical defenses against an insect-fungal complex

This study considered how host plant allelochemicals may contribute to defense against insects and fungi that jointly colonize the subcortical tissues of trees, the relative roles of constitutive and inducible chemistry in these defenses, and how the actions of two different feeding guilds might be interrelated. Our model consisted of the coniferous treePinus resinosa, the root- and lower stem-colonizing beetlesHylastes porculus andDendroctonus valens, and their associated fungiLeptographium procerum andL. terebrantis, and the stem-colonizing bark beetleIps pini and its associated fungusOphiostoma ips. In a novel bioassay, extracts from reaction tissue elicted by wound inoculation withL. terebrantis were more repellent to beetles than were similar extracts from constitutive or mechanically wounded tissue. The effect on beetle behavior was more pronounced in nonpolar extracts, which contain mostly monoterpenes, than in polar extracts, which contain mostly phenolics. Synthetic monoterpenes at concentrations present in the various tissues exerted similar effects and were likewise repellent in dose-response experiments. Growth ofL. procerum andL. terebrantis was inhibited by polar extracts from constitutive and reaction tissue. Inhibition was higher in wounded than control tissue, but the inhibition response did not vary with the type of wounding. Synthetic monoterpenes strongly inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of both fungi. Colonization of red pine roots byLeptographium spp. altered the subsequent effects of extracts of stem phloem tissue onI. pini. These effects varied with host condition. Beetles preferred extracts from constitutive stem phloem tissue of healthy trees to that of root-diseased trees. However, extracts from reaction tissues of healthy trees were more repellent toI. pini than were the reaction tissues of root-diseased trees. The implications of these results to plant defense against insect-fungal complexes and interactions among different feeding guilds are discussed.     

Response of parasitoidEucelatoria bryani to selected plant material in an olfactometer

The response of the parasitoidEucelatoria bryani Sabrosky to fresh plant material and several plant extracts was examined in an olfactometer. The plants tested can serve as a food source for hosts (Heliothis spp.) of the parasitoid. Females responded positively to 13 of the 19 fresh plant tissues tested, and all of the extracts tested. Males responded to only two of the fresh plant tissues and to none of the extracts. The significance of plant variety, morphology, and phenology on the host habitat-selection behavior of this parasitoid is discussed.     

Antioxidant activity of blackcurrant seeds extract and rosemary extracts in soybean oil

The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidative properties of extract from blackcurrant seeds (BCSs) and commercially available rosemary extracts (Stabiloton OS, oil‐soluble and WS, water soluble) in soybean oil (SO). The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was compared with those of α‐tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The results of present research reveal differentiation of action of investigated extracts toward primary (peroxide value (PV), conjugated dienes (CDs)) and secondary (measured as anisidine value (AV), hexanal) oxidation products in SO. WS and OS rosemary extracts show high efficiency in delaying primary and secondary oxidative changes. BCSs extract markedly retards oxidation, nevertheless its activity falls down with formation and succeeding deterioration of primary products. Although the use of BCSs, residues of fruit processing, as a source of antioxidants would be reasonable because of economic and environmental reasons, it may be limited by low activity toward secondary oxidation products in certain lipid substrates. Taking primary oxidative changes into consideration, all extracts studied perform better than used standard antioxidants – BHT and α‐tocopherol.