应用膜分离技术改进林可霉素提炼工艺

介绍了在混合醇萃取前,引入超滤-纳滤组合膜分离技术对板框过滤后的林可霉素发酵液进行提纯和浓缩的小试结果：碱化料液的膜分离效果优于未碱化料液;对不同材料（PES、PS、PA）和相对截留分子质量的超滤和纳滤膜的筛选结果表明,PES-10和NF-270膜在膜通量和林可霉素收率、杂质去除等方面优于其他的膜,为最佳选择;超滤-纳滤后再进行萃取,不但混合醇的用量因料液体积减小而相应减少,并且萃取效率和产品收率都得到提高,当纳滤浓缩倍数为1.28时,一次萃取率和总收率分别比原来无超滤-纳滤时增加了4.3%和3.4%,所得萃取液的色度也较低.     

超滤法提纯异维生素C钠发酵液的研究

采用MF-5膜组件超滤2-酮基-D-葡萄糖酸发酵液,滤液质量高,收率可达98%以上;操作温度35～38℃,进口压力0.25MPa,出口压力0.15MPa,过滤中的平均膜通量为110L/(m2·h)。     

纳滤膜技术在维生素B12生产中的应用

为提高维生素B12提取过程中的收率、降低水资源消耗,采用纳滤膜对维生素B12超滤滤液进行浓缩。考察了pH值、压力、浓缩倍数对膜通量的影响。     

纳滤膜技术在庆大霉素B浓缩中的应用

阐述了纳滤膜对庆大霉素B溶液的浓缩性能。通过实验得到了时间、浓缩倍数、压力等因素对膜通量的影响,并在此基础上建立了一套每天处理10 m3物料的进口纳滤膜浓缩系统,该系统在8小时内将10 m3物料浓缩50倍,最终物料体积为200 L,浓缩液的效价达十万以上,对物料的收率高于98%,效果明显。     

浸没式纳滤印染废水深度处理研究

采用自制的中空纤维复合纳滤膜及浸没式过滤工艺,对含甲基蓝的印染废水进行深度处理,研究了不同跨膜压差、不同浓缩倍率下,浸没式纳滤工艺处理印染废水过程的渗透通量、脱色性能、COD去除率及膜渗透阻力。结果表明,浸没式纳滤可有效实现对印染废水的深度处理,在跨膜压差为80 kPa、浓缩倍率为4.0下,浸没式纳滤过程的渗透通量为5.75 L/(m2.h),色度脱除率大于99%,COD去除率大于90%,膜通量水洗恢复率大于93%。     

青霉素G发酵液过滤中超滤膜与纳滤膜结合使用的研究

利用纳滤膜对超滤膜终端低单位青霉素G滤液进行浓缩,并确定最佳浓缩倍数,使超滤膜末端效价提高35%,滤液体积减少25%,提炼处理滤液速度提高9%,降低提炼的成本.并使过滤收率提高1%,减少菌丝水COD排放量的96%.     

微量间苯二胺对聚哌嗪酰胺复合纳滤膜性能的影响

用间苯二胺作为水相第二单体,研究了微量间苯二胺对聚哌嗪酰胺复合纳滤膜性能的影响。间苯二胺添加质量分数为0~0.05%,研究了该变量对纳滤膜盐截留率、水通量、表面形貌、水接触角的影响。结果表明,随着微量间苯二胺添加,纳滤膜对氯化钠的截留性能明显上升(34%至90%),水通量明显下降(112 L/(m2·h)至23 L/(m2·h)),膜亲水性下降。X射线光电子能谱结果表明,微量间苯二胺的添加,使得复合层交联度上升,从而进一步引起上述膜性能变化。因此,在纳滤膜生产中,微量间苯二胺可以作为水相的第二单体调控纳滤膜的性能,同时应避免间苯二胺污染引起的膜性能波动。     

膜技术在荷叶黄酮分离纯化中应用

运用膜技术对荷叶黄酮提取液进行纯化.实验分别采用微滤膜和超滤膜对荷叶黄酮提取液进行初步纯化,研究表明孔径为50 nm的微滤膜Ⅱ对荷叶黄酮提取液有较好的除杂效果,黄酮透过率为97.4％,平均通量为186.7 L×h-1×m-2,且运行稳定;采用纳滤膜和反渗透膜对微滤膜的滤液进行浓缩,研究表明,纳滤膜在浓缩过程中能去除部分盐分等小分子物质,进一步纯化了黄酮溶液,纳滤膜平均通量为32.8L×h-1×m-2,透过率0％.     

真空膜蒸馏处理垃圾渗沥液反渗透浓水的研究

采用疏水聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)中空纤维膜对垃圾渗滤液反渗透浓水进行真空膜蒸馏(VMD)试验,研究了曝气量、原液温度、冷侧真空度和浓缩倍数等对产水通量、COD、BOD5、氨氮含量、电导率、色度和pH的影响。结果表明,曝气可提高产水通量,当曝气量超过4 m3/(h.m2)时,产水通量趋于稳定;随着原水温度和真空度的提高,产水通量显著增加;浓缩倍数增大会降低产水通量,浓缩4倍后产水通量急剧下降。试验最大产水通量为8.38 kg/(h.m2),产水COD≤100 mg/L,BOD5≤30 mg/L,NH3-N的质量浓度≤25 mg/L,色度小于40度,电导率≤60μS/cm。     

乙二胺四乙酸钠对纳滤铜去除效能的影响

以乙二胺四乙酸钠(EDTA)为络合剂,选取含有重金属铜的土壤酸性沥出液为研究对象,探索络合纳滤工艺对Cu~(2+)去除率和膜通量的强化效果,并研究了p H、EDTA含量和压力对络合纳滤过程的影响,同时采用正交实验设计络合纳滤工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,优化操作条件为:温度20℃,压力1.8 MPa,p H为4.0,c(EDTA):c(Cu)为1:6。EDTA可以明显地增强纳滤膜对Cu~(2+)的截留率和膜通量,与不添加EDTA相比,Cu~(2+)截留率从94.6%增至99.7%,膜通量从62 L/(m2·h)增至160 L/(m~2·h)。     

Hemicelluloses separation from caustic-containing process stream by ultrafiltration

The present work aimed to study the performance of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for hemicelluloses separation, from a caustic-containing highly alkaline, cellulose purification solvent stream of viscose rayon production process, and to understand the membrane behaviour, effect of multiple use cycle, identify potential performance drawbacks and propose possible solutions. Screening experiments showed that an UF membrane with a nominal molecular weight cut-off value of 3 kDa can be used to separate hemicelluloses from alkaline process stream. UF membrane was found to be prone to performance deterioration with time due to fouling. Higher feed temperature helped in improving the membrane flux values while maintaining hemicelluloses retention.     

纳滤膜特性及对水中微污染物的控制

随着膜技术的发展与应用,20世纪80年代出现的纳滤膜充分弥补了反渗透与超滤之间的空白。介绍了纳滤膜的特性及其独特分离特点,阐述了纳滤膜在处理饮用水中有机污染物的必要性和合理性。最后指出了它的应用前景。     

电渗析-超滤耦合技术研究进展

电渗析-超滤耦合技术（EDUF）是一项用于分离带电有机物的新型技术，用超滤膜替换一部分离子交换膜，或将超滤膜嵌入到传统电渗析器中，从而形成一种超滤与电渗析内部结合的新型分离技术。该技术一方面利用超滤膜的孔径差异性分离不同分子量的带电有机物，另一方面利用电驱动原理克服压力驱动式超滤膜的膜污染问题，在营养食品、生物制药等领域用于分离提纯活性有机物组分，展示出了良好的应用优势。本文聚焦于电渗析-超滤耦合技术的产生和发展，详细介绍了该技术的技术原理及应用优势，重点阐述了影响其分离效率的主要因素，包括pH、超滤膜切割分子量（MWCO）、电场强度、膜对结构等。最后，从提高分离效率、降低系统能耗、超滤膜材质、水解液预处理、系统泄漏等角度提出了未来的研究方向，为该技术的研究和应用提供指导。     

磺化聚醚砜/纳米TiO2复合超滤膜制备及其抗污染机理

Membrane fouling is one of the major obstacles for reaching a high flux over a prolonged period of ultrafiltration (UF) process. In this study, a sulfonated-polyethersulfone (SPES)/nano-TiO2 composite UF membrane with good anti-fouling performance was fabricated by phase inversion and self-assembly methods. The TiO2 nanoparticle self-assembly on the SPES membrane surface was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR spectrometer. The morphology and hydrophilicity were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle goniometer, respectively. The anti-fouling mechanism of composite UF membrane was discussed through the analysis of the micro-structure and component of UF membrane surface. The results showed that the TiO2 content and the micro-structure of the composite UF membrane surface had great influence on the separation and anti-fouling performance.     

High-performance protein separation by ion exchange membrane partitioned free-flow isoelectric focusing system

The objective of this study is to investigate a combination of ion exchange membranes and free-flow isoelectric focusing (FFIEF) technology for high-selectivity and high-flux protein separation, in which ion exchange membranes are used as the separation media. An FFIEF device has been designed and extensive experiments have been conducted to prove its effectiveness in enhancing the protein separation performance. Three types of membranes were employed in this work and they were commercial microfiltration (MF) ion exchange membranes, commercial neutral UF cellulose membranes, and home-made ultrafiltration sulfonated polysulfone (UF SPSf) ion exchange membranes. The protein separation results show that the home-made UF SPSf membranes have the superior selectivity and flux to other membranes. This is due to the fact that a stable pH gradient across the membranes as well as the interaction between the protein molecules and membrane surface plays an important role in the high-performance protein separation. By applying a semi-batch separation process and optimizing various experimental conditions, a high-purity (>90%) and concentrated target protein is obtained at the permeation side of the home-made UF SPSf membranes with a high flux.     

水处理工业中超滤膜应用的问题探讨

简单介绍了超滤膜和超滤过程,总结了在水处理工业上的应用。比较了各种膜材料的性能,并着重论述了水处理工业应用中应注意和考虑的问题:超滤膜的选择、超滤操作条件的选择、超滤膜的浓差极化和污染与处理对策。     

凝固浴处理对聚氨基葡糖超滤膜分离性能的影响

采用凝固浴凝胶工艺处理聚氨基葡糖超滤膜，实验结果表明，经凝固浴处理后，聚氨基葡糖超滤膜对酸性红B溶液的截留率提高了83.7%；凝固浴的温度、凝固剂的浓度、凝固时间等参数对聚氨基葡糖超滤膜的截留率、渗透通量和孔结构均有一定的影响，选择适当的处理条件可提高膜的分离效率.     

Diafiltration and water recovery of Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R solution by two-stage membrane separation process

The conventional process of Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R production is low purity, labor intensive, inconsistent in the production quality and also causes pollution. The improved process based on membrane technology still generates large volume of effluent though with low pollutants. In this paper, a two-stage membrane separation process is introduced to resolve these shortcomings, in which the first stage is used for diafiltration and concentration of dye solution, and the second is to recover the dye and salt water from the produced permeate. Comparing results from one ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (GH) and four nanofiltration (NF) membranes (AFC40, DL, CA865 and MPT-31), UF membrane ES404 showed the same dye rejection, higher permeate flux and lower sodium sulfate rejection. In the diafiltration and concentration stage, pre-concentration and constant volume diafiltration had the best salt permeability as compared to constant volume diafiltration and post-concentration in addition to variable volume diafiltration. In the dye and salt water recovery, membrane ES404 had the same dye rejection, but higher permeate flux and lower sodium sulfate rejection as compared to membrane GH. The proposed two-stage membrane separation process offers the advantages of high-purity, less labor intensive, consistent in production quality and less pollution.     

超滤和反渗透联用处理玉米浸渍水

对玉米浸渍水的膜分离过程进行了研究，开发出超滤和反渗透联用的分离方法。反渗透浓缩液中蛋白质的截留率为99．77％，反渗透透过液中COD值降到1000左右，可用作工艺回用水，反渗透浓缩液中可提取乳酸等有用物质，超滤浓缩液可浓缩成玉米浆。     

微细通道内CO2沸腾换热与干涸特性

CO₂作为一种天然制冷剂在微通道内应用具有很大的换热优势,然而由于微尺度效应及其物性,在低干度区容易发生干涸,严重影响换热效果。为研究微细通道内CO₂流动沸腾换热与干涸特性,搭建了相应实验装置,对内径分别为1mm、2mm、3mm以及内表面粗糙度为16μm的不锈钢管,在CO₂制冷剂热流密度2~34kW/m²、质量流率50~1350kg/(m²·s)、饱和温度-10~15℃下进行换热性能与干涸实验对比研究。结果表明:常规管径换热特性在微细通道内不再适用;热流密度的增加对于强化核态沸腾换热具有显著影响,高于临界热流密度(critical heat flux,CHF)则发生干涸;质量流率对于核态沸腾区换热系数的影响则较小;不同饱和温度时换热特性有所不同,高饱和温度下换热系数随其升高而提高,低饱和温度下则相反;干涸过程对总换热系数的影响占34%。研究结论为CO₂微通道换热器的研究开发提供理论依据。