光催化漂白硫酸盐芦苇浆的研究

本实验采用单因素变化的方法，研究了各种因素，即光敏剂种类及用量、用碱量、浆浓、漂白时间等对KP芦苇浆光催化漂白的影响，通过分析检测漂后纸浆的白度、硬度（高锰酸钾值）、粘度、得率等指标，从而得出较适宜的硫酸盐芦苇浆光催化漂白的工艺条件。     

高锰酸钾活化麦草浆过氧化氢漂白的研究

探讨了高锰酸钾对Soda-AQ法麦草浆过氧化氢漂白的活化作用。结果表明,高锰酸钾是一种强氧化剂,在酸性条件下可与纸浆中的木素反应,经高锰酸钾预处理后的纸浆具有很好的可漂性。通过分析比较MQDP和MDQP两种漂白流程,得出在高锰酸钾用量为1.0%时,采用MDQP漂白流程,纸浆得率损失较小,白度最高。     

粗皮桉AS-AQ浆氧脱木素后的过氧化氢漂白

研究粗皮桉AS-AQ浆氧脱木素后的过氧化氢漂白工艺,并对漂前预处理进行了探讨。结果表明:粗皮桉AS-AQ氧漂浆在进行过氧化氢漂白前采用高锰酸钾进行预处理,预处理条件为高锰酸钾用量0.6%,温度25℃,时间20 min,硫酸3%,浆浓5%,可以有效地提高纸浆的白度,降低卡伯值,同时纸浆黏度下降比例不大。使用柠檬酸钠取代硅酸钠和硫酸镁作为过氧化氢漂白的稳定剂是可行的,添加2%的柠檬酸钠作稳定剂可以达到添加3%的硅酸钠作稳定剂的效果。过氧化氢漂白的最佳工艺条件为:过氧化氢用量3%,温度90℃,时间120 min,氢氧化钠用量1.5%,柠檬酸钠2%,浆浓10%。在最优条件下,纸浆白度可以达到80.8%ISO。     

桦木硫酸盐浆无氯漂白

本论文研究了桦木硫酸盐浆的无氯漂白。研究结果表明：桦木 酸盐浆经氧漂后能使白度提高５０％以上，常规氧漂、活化氧漂和强化氧漂分别可使白度达到４６．４％、５７．４％和６０．４％；高锰酸地氧漂及过氧化氢漂白均有活化作用；高锰酸钾活化作用只与加入量有关，而与加入次数无关。其最佳用量为０．８％；采用无氯漂白，Ｏｐ（ＡＱ）Ｐｐ漂白程序，可使所漂浆的白度达到８１．１％。     

麦草乙醇浆臭氧漂白后过氧化氢补充漂白

麦草浆常规漂白工艺污染较大,故采用QZP短序TCF工艺漂白乙醇麦草浆。本文对麦草乙醇浆臭氧漂白后H2O2补充漂白进行了研究。高锰酸钾值18.2,白度26.4%ISO,黏度1135mL.g-1。经臭氧漂白后(臭氧用量为1.2%时),麦草乙醇浆高锰酸钾值4.0,白度增加到60%ISO,黏度为966mL.g-1。研究结果表明,在纸浆浓度12%,柠檬酸三钠用量1.0%情况下,H2O2补充漂白最佳条件为:H2O2用量3.0%,NaOH用量1.8%,漂白温度70℃,漂白时间120min,漂后浆的高锰酸钾值2.0,白度84%ISO,黏度908mL.g-1。     

亚麻棉混纺织物的漂白工艺

采用次氯酸钠-氧漂工艺和DCCA（二氯异氰尿酸钠）-氧漂工艺对亚麻棉混纺织物进行漂白；分析了有效氯浓度、pH值、堆置温度、堆置时间和H2O2复漂等工艺条件对织物漂白效果的影响；比较了不同漂白工艺织物的白度、去麻皮情况和强力等性能。结果表明，次氯酸钠-氧轧漂去麻皮工艺对织物损伤较大；DCCA-氧煮漂工艺则能够达到去麻皮保强力的效果，其优化工艺条件为：DCCA有效氯5g／L，pH值3～4，H2O23g／L，40℃煮漂20～30min，漂白后织物白度值80．70，去麻皮效果5级，强力损伤12．90％。     

杨木单板冷漂工艺

简介杨木单板漂白的亚氯酸钠间歇法、双氧水间歇法和双氧水冷漂工艺，并对其进行比较，分析其优缺点。介绍杨木单板冷漂工艺和冷漂液配方。分析冷漂工艺的经济效益。     

草酸,次氯酸钙,高锰酸钾漂白研究

一、前言目前,国内纸浆采用的含氯漂白工艺主要优点是成本低,白度能满足不同纸种的需要。但所排放的废水对水质、环境污染严重。我们采用高锰酸钾、次氯酸钙、草酸等作漂白剂对本色硫酸盐木浆在实验室进行了研究和探讨,目的是试图改变传统的漂白工艺,减轻对环境的污染。经过9个月的探讨,取得了可喜的收获,漂后浆料白度可以达到70％,而且波动范围小。上述漂白剂的综合漂白研究将对漂白技术带来良好的影响。     

牛奶蛋白纤维加工中的若干问题及其解决措施

通过试验研究，生产牛奶蛋白纤维纱制品的难点主要在于漂白与上浆工艺。文章对漂白、增白的方法进行分析研究，得出还原漂牛奶蛋白纤维纱线制品的白度优于氧漂、氯漂、双漂、二次氧漂、冷漂。加入抗静电剂解决了牛奶蛋白纤维在准备织造工艺中存在的静电粘连等问题。     

含棉织物免酸洗中性氧漂一浴工艺

棉织物传统氧漂工艺对纤维损伤大、耗碱量大、耗水多、污染严重。中性氧漂精练剂WS-23为阴离子和非离子表面活性剂的复配物,是一种具有双氧水活化作用的多功能表面活性剂,具有良好的渗透、乳化及练漂功能。文中采用精练剂WS-23对棉织物进行免酸洗中性氧漂一浴工艺进行漂白,并与传统碱氧工艺、茶皂素漂白工艺进行对比。结果表明,棉织物免酸洗中性氧漂一浴工艺于110℃漂白30 min,可获得较好的处理效果;与传统碱漂工艺、茶皂素漂白工艺相比,处理后织物质量损失率较小,手感舒适,强力值好;氧漂后织物可直接出缸或续缸接漂,具有生态环保,节能减排的效应。     

Destruction efficiencies and dynamics of reaction fronts associated with the permanganate oxidation of trichloroethylene

Although potassium permanganate (KMnO4) flushing is commonly used to destroy chlorinated solvents in groundwater, many of the problems associated with this treatment scheme have not been examined in detail. We conducted a KMnO4 flushing experiment in a large sand-filled flow tank (L x W x D = 180 cm x 60 cm x 90 cm) to remove TCE emplaced as a DNAPL in a source zone. The study was specifically designed to investigate cleanup progress and problems of pore plugging associated with the dynamics of the solid-phase reaction front (i.e., MnO2) using chemical and optical monitoring techniques. Ambient flow through the source zone formed a plume of dissolved TCE across the flow tank. The volume and concentration of TCE plume diminished with time because of the in situ oxidation of the DNAPL source. The migration velocity of the MnO2 reaction front decreased with time, suggesting that the kinetics of the DNAPL oxidation process became diffusion-controlled because of the pore plugging. A mass balance calculation indicated that only approximately 18% of the total applied KMnO4 (MnO4- = 1250 mg/ L) participated in the oxidation reaction to destroy approximately 41% of emplaced TCE. Evidently, the efficiency of KMnO4 flushing scheme diminished with time due to pore plugging by MnO2 and likely CO2, particularly in the TCE source zone. In addition, the excess KMnO4 used for flushing may cause secondary aquifer contamination. One needs to be concerned about the efficacy of KMnO4 flushing in the field applications. Development of a new approach that can provide both contaminant destruction and plugging/ MnO4- control is required.     

提高纸浆和纸质量的新方法——用温和的高锰酸钾溶液处理成浆

报导了用高锰酸钾溶液处理漂白针叶木浆和蔗渣浆,以提高纸浆和纸质量,用0.25%～2%高锰酸钾(以纸浆重量为基准)溶液漂白后打浆的浆料明显改进纸页性质,即提高裂断长和白度。漂白针叶木浆经温和的高锰酸钾溶液处理可降低聚合度(DP)32%,氧化后半纤维素和较低DP浆料起着提高纸页强度作用,裂断长增加25%。漂白蔗渣浆经温和的高锰酸钾处理也能提高纸页裂断长和白度。     

KMnO4用于麦草浆TCF漂白的研究

探讨了ＫＭｎＯ４对纸浆的漂白作用和活化作用。结果表明,ＫＭｎＯ４是一种良好的漂白剂和活化剂,具有替代Ｏ３漂白的可能性。Ｏ—Ｍｎ—Ｐ和Ｏ—Ｍｎ—Ｑ—Ｐ漂序可将ＮａＯＨＡＱ麦草浆漂至８０％ＩＳＯ,从而彻底避免了氯化有机物的生成。     

Reaction of nonaqueous phase TCE with permanganate

Oxidative treatment of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the form of dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) by potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was investigated in a series of batch tests. The study focused on understanding the fundamental mechanisms of oxidative removal of DNAPL TCE by permanganate oxidation. Dissolution experiment for DNAPL TCE has been performed as a control experiment in the absence of KMnO4. DNAPL TCE dissolved into the aqueous phase until it reached the saturation concentration of 1200 mg/L (9.16 x 10(-3) M) at 20 degrees C. The rate of dissolution of DNAPL TCE was proportional to the volume of the DNAPL. In the presence of KMnO4, the experimental results showed that the amount of TCE oxidized during the reaction was increased continuously as [MnO4-] decreased even though the rate decreased as [MnO4-] decreased. It was apparent that more DNAPL TCE was removed with a faster rate for higher initial permanganate concentration. At high permanganate concentration, the aqueous concentration of TCE was kept low and practically constant by the chemical reaction between aqueous TCE and MnO4-. However, as MnO4- was consumed in the system, the aqueous concentration started to increase until it reached solubility. From experimental observation, 1.56-1.78 mol of MnO4- was consumed per mole of TCE oxidized. Furthermore, 2.85-2.98 mol of Cl- was released to the solution per mole of TCE oxidized. Since the complete mineralization of TCE requires 2.0 mol of MnO4- and releases 3 mol of Cl- per mol of TCE oxidized, the observed stoichiometric factors indicated incomplete mineralization of TCE, but nearly complete dechlorination. Enhancement factor due to chemical reaction was quantified experimentally. The enhancement factor was shown to be a function of the molar ratio of MnO4- to TCE in the system, and hence varied during the reaction period.     

采用NaClO2/KMnO4对棉织物快速漂白

探讨了采用NaClO2/KMnO4对棉纺织品进行一步退浆，煮练，漂白的新工艺，在漂液中加入KMnO4后，可提高NaClO2的分解率，缩短工艺流程，提高它的利用率，降低成本。     

大豆蛋白纤维织物的漂白研究

选用高锰酸钾作为漂白剂对大豆蛋白纤维织物进行氧化漂白,然后在连二亚硫酸钠溶液中进行还原。研究了氧化漂白工艺条件对织物白度和强度的影响,结果表明:采用高锰酸钾对大豆蛋白纤维织物进行漂白,在低温弱碱条件下就可以有效提高织物白度,且对织物强度损伤不大。     

制备工艺对水热条件下γ-MnOOH性能的影响

在水热条件下,以高锰酸钾(KMnO4)为原料,以聚乙二醇400为还原剂,改变反应时间及温度,制备多枝状MnOOH晶体,考察工艺条件对MnOOH晶体生成的影响。对不同条件下形成的MnOOH晶体进行XRD及SEM测试,结果表明:改变工艺条件对MnOOH晶体的形成有一定影响,温度固定,改变水热反应时间,发现在0.5h时得到的产物不成晶型,成分为各种氧化锰的混合物,随着时间的增加,产物中γ-MnOOH的纯度提高;时间固定,随着反应温度的上升,多支状MnOOH生长良好。在水热反应时间为5.0h、温度为160℃时,能够合成生长良好、纯度较高的多枝状MnOOH。     

假木素对卡伯值的贡献及其对漂白的影响

己烯糖醛酸（HUA）和其他碳水化合物衍生结构合称假木素，其对卡伯值有几个单位的贡献。漂前进行酸处理可以除去HUA，随后漂白时可节约漂白剂，奥斯龙漂白段可降低成本15％。