沟槽形表面织构对柱塞密封副摩擦性能的影响

目的提高压裂泵柱塞表面的摩擦学性能。方法基于稳态二维不可压缩Reynolds方程,建立沟槽形表面织构化柱塞动压润滑理论模型,然后利用有限差分法和高斯-赛德尔迭代法求解柱塞表面的油膜压力分布和剪切应力,进而获得油膜承载力和摩擦系数,开展最小油膜厚度、织构的深度、横截面形状、面积占比以及分布角度对柱塞密封副油膜承载能力和摩擦系数影响规律的数值分析。结果随矩形沟槽织构深度从2μm增加到40μm,织构的动压润滑性能先增大后减小,当深度约为最小油膜厚度的0.6倍时达到最佳,并且最小油膜厚度越大,织构的动压效应越差。4种横截面沟槽织构的动压润滑性能优劣顺序为:矩形内凸阶梯型椭圆形V型。随织构宽度从100μm增加到480μm,油膜承载力先增加后减小,宽度在360μm(72%面积占比)时达到最大。在6种分布角度中,60°矩形沟槽织构的润滑减磨性能最好。结论在流体动压润滑范围内,适当减小最小油膜厚度,沟槽底部尽可能平整,保持织构深度略小于最小油膜厚度,并使垂直速度方向油膜收敛区域的织构长度较长,便能获得润滑减摩性能较好的沟槽形表面织构。合理参数的沟槽形织构能够极大提高压裂泵柱塞表面的油膜承载力,降低摩擦系数,有利于延长柱塞密封副的使用寿命。     

激光微织构滚动轴承表面润滑性能的数值分析

目的研究圆柱滚子轴承摩擦副织构化表面润滑性能,探讨工况参数(载荷、转速)和微织构几何形貌参数(面积占有率)对油膜平均无量纲压力的影响规律。方法基于弹性流体动压润滑机理,利用有限长线接触弹流润滑理论建立理论模型,采用有限差分法对Reynolds方程进行离散,并运用多重网格法进行数值分析。结果在微织构面积占有率S_p=0.095、深度h_p=6μm的前提下,当载荷由100 N升为500 N时,油膜平均无量纲压力随之增大。在微织构面积占有率S_p=0.095、深度h_p=6μm的前提下,当转速由100 r/min升为500 r/min时,油膜平均无量纲压力随之增大。在载荷W=200 N、转速n=200 r/min的前提下,当微织构面积占有率由0.05升为0.15时,油膜平均无量纲压力随之增大;当微织构面积占有率由0.15升为0.25时,油膜平均无量纲压力随之减小。结论圆柱滚子轴承微织构表面的油膜平均无量纲压力随着载荷和转速的增大而增大,随着微织构面积占有率的增大而先增大后减小。     

基于热效应的织构化分形表面的弹流动压性能分析

目的研究织构化分形表面的热弹流润滑性能随分形维数及织构参数的变化规律。方法建立织构化分形表面的热弹流动压模型并无量纲化,然后运用多重网格法编程求解。通过对多种工况下的摩擦面间的最大压力、最小膜厚和摩擦因数进行比较分析,揭示织构参数和分形参数对织构化分形表面动压润滑性能的影响。结果随着织构深度的增加,最小膜厚减小,最大压力和固体界面温度增大。摩擦因数-织构深度曲线有最小值,但不同分形维数下的摩擦因数-织构深度曲线的最小值发生处的织构深度值相同。织构深度相同时,最大压力和固体界面温度随维数的增大而减小,平均摩擦因数则增大。最小膜厚-织构密度曲线和摩擦因数-织构密度曲线都存在最小值,最大压力-织构密度和固体界面温度-织构密度曲线有最大值。织构密度相同时,最大压力和固体界面温度随分形维数的增大而减小,摩擦因数则随之增大。结论分形维数越大,摩擦副表面的摩擦因数越大,但摩擦因数-织构深度和摩擦因数-织构密度曲线都有最小值。     

不同流态下织构化动压滑动轴承润滑特性研究

为了探究不同流态下动压滑动轴承润滑及承载特性，以织构化动压滑动轴承为研究对象，基于Ng-Pan湍流润滑理论，建立不同流态下织构化动压滑动轴承润滑模型，分析润滑油流态、微织构以及轴承结构参数对动压滑动轴承油膜压力以及承载力的影响。研究表明：湍流流态能够有效地提高织构化动压滑动轴承的油膜压力，临界雷诺数随间隙比的增加而减小，随偏心率的增加而增大;不同流态下织构化轴承承载力随坑径与膜厚的增加而逐渐减小，随间距的增加呈现波动变化，随转速、偏心率与长径比的增加而增加，且湍流流态的承载远高于层流流态。     

局部凹坑织构化径向滑动轴承流体动力润滑数值分析

目的 探究局部凹坑织构化表面对径向滑动轴承流体动力润滑的影响.方法 基于雷诺边界条件和Reynolds方程,建立凹坑织构化径向滑动轴承表面流体动力润滑理论模型,采用Gauss-Seidel松弛迭代方法数值求解,获得润滑油膜的压力分布和承载能力,分析其润滑油膜承载机制,探讨凹坑几何参数和分布规律对油膜承载力的影响规律.结果 理论模型的数值解与经典理论的数值解误差较小,能有效分析轴承的流体动压润滑特性.当偏心率较大时,摩擦力的上升幅度也变大,在轴承承载区进行凹坑织构化处理能明显减小摩擦力,并且随着凹坑深度的增大,摩擦力减小,可见凹坑起润滑减摩的作用.油膜承载力随着偏心率的增大而增大,通过凹坑织构的"楔形效应"能够改善非承载区的油膜压力,存在最佳凹坑深度使得轴承达到流体动力润滑最佳状态.摩擦力随着面积率的增大而增大,特别是在偏心率较大时,润滑减摩效果较为明显,面积率对油膜承载力影响不大.将织构布置在径向滑动轴承的不同区域,其中当织构完全在下半瓦(压降区)时,织构能明显增大油膜厚度,产生油膜压力,有效降低摩擦力,提升承载力.结论 凹坑织构能明显改善径向滑动轴承流体动力润滑性能,合理设计轴承的偏心率,合适的织构参数与分布位置,能使流体动力润滑效果最佳.     

直齿圆锥齿轮的时变弹流润滑分析

目的研究直齿圆锥齿轮传动过程中稳态和非稳态下的压力和膜厚,为降低直齿圆锥齿轮的表面磨损及齿轮设计提供理论指导。方法将一对直齿圆锥齿轮等效为一对圆锥滚子模型,运用无限长线接触理论,建立直齿圆锥齿轮啮合过程中的弹流润滑计算模型,先对直齿圆锥齿轮进行等温稳态弹流润滑分析,计算并分析了直齿圆锥齿轮大端和小端啮入、啮出点的油膜压力及油膜厚度,求解并分析了小端啮合区间五个特殊点的油膜压力和膜厚。考虑瞬态时变效应的影响,计算并分析了直齿圆锥齿轮在三个特殊瞬时点的油膜压力和油膜厚度。最后研究齿面在高斯分布粗糙度函数和余弦粗糙度函数作用下的弹流润滑数值解,在此基础上计算了不同幅值和波长下的油膜压力和油膜厚度。压力求解采用多重网格法,弹性变形采用多重网格积分法。结果稳态等温条件下,小端啮入点和啮出点的出口油膜厚度略小于大端,小端啮合区间的最小油膜厚度从啮入点到啮出点逐渐增大。在瞬态时变效应下,啮入点的油膜压力大于节点和啮出点的油膜压力,其油膜厚度较其他两个瞬时点的油膜厚度小。高斯分布粗糙度函数作用下的油膜压力在赫兹接触区有明显的局部压力峰,油膜厚度在赫兹接触区有局部波动;余弦粗糙度函数作用下的油膜压力和油膜厚度在赫兹接触区有波动,且粗糙度幅值和波长越大,波动程度越明显。结论采用高斯分布粗糙度函数时,油膜压力的变化相对比较缓和,采用余弦粗糙度函数的最大油膜压力小于采用高斯分布粗糙度函数的最大油膜压力,和高斯分布粗糙度函数相比,余弦粗糙度函数下的油膜厚度在赫兹接触区呈现周期性波动。     

油润滑下不同槽宽网状织构表面润滑特性研究

为了提高油膜承载力、改善润滑效果、优化织构化表面的摩擦学性能，研究不同黏度润滑油下网状织构的润滑性能。设计4种不同凹槽宽度的网状织构，通过测量接触角、油膜承载力以及摩擦因数，得到不同转速、不同黏度润滑油下4种网状织构的油膜承载力以及摩擦因数的变化规律。实验结果表明：在4种织构中，凹槽宽度为0.4 mm的网状织构润滑性能最好，在设定的实验条件下，最大油膜承载力为0.52 N,最小摩擦因数为0.019。此外，接触角测量实验表明凹槽宽度为0.4 mm的网状织构表面疏水性能更好，有比较好的成膜能力，使得织构表面动压承载力有比较大提升，摩擦因数也更小。比较不同黏度润滑油和不同转速下网状织构润滑性能，黏度越大的润滑油，油膜承载力越大，润滑效果更佳。同时，油膜承载力随着转速的增大而增大，在润滑油黏度较高时这种影响更为显著。     

交叉沟槽织构化粗糙表面流体润滑数值分析

目的 探究粗糙度对交叉沟槽织构化表面流体动力润滑性能的影响。方法 基于质量守恒空化边界条件和平均流量模型的Reynolds方程,建立计入表面粗糙度效应的交叉沟槽织构化表面流体动力润滑理论模型,采用多重网格法进行数值求解,获得润滑油膜的压力分布和承载能力,分析粗糙度对交叉沟槽织构化表面流体润滑性能的影响规律。结果 油膜承载能力随着沟槽宽度的增大而增大,表面粗糙度对油膜承载能力的影响随着沟槽宽度的增大而增大。存在最佳的沟槽深度和间距使得交叉沟槽所产生的流体动力润滑效应达到最强,表面粗糙度对油膜承载能力的影响在最佳沟槽深度附近最大,粗糙度对油膜承载能力的影响随着沟槽间距的增加而增大。油膜承载能力随着交叉角度的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,粗糙度对油膜承载能力的影响随着交叉角度的增加而增大。交叉沟槽的重叠系数对油膜平均压力几乎没有任何影响,粗糙度对油膜承载能力也几乎不受重叠系数的影响。结论 在利用数值分析方法研究交叉沟槽织构流体动力润滑性能时,不能忽略粗糙度的影响,表面粗糙度在一定程度上抑制了交叉沟槽所产生的流体动力润滑效应,降低了油膜承载能力。     

表面织构化DLC涂层在脂润滑下的摩擦学性能研究

目的 研究表面织构与类金刚石薄膜(DLC)的复合处理方法,提高在GCr15钢盘表面在全氟聚醚(PFPE)润滑脂润滑下的摩擦学性能.方法 设计了四种表面织构与两种厚度的DLC涂层相结合,采用两种加工方法(在织构表面镀上DLC涂层,在DLC涂层上加工织构),对GCr15金属盘表面进行处理.选用全氟聚醚润滑脂作为润滑介质,通过球-盘摩擦磨损实验,评价了在织构化和DLC涂层协同处理下,GCr15金属盘表面的摩擦学性能,并通过光学显微镜对磨痕形貌进行分析.结果 在四种织构表面中,微纹织构的减摩抗磨性能最好,与DLC膜的协同效果最好,在设定的实验条件下,得到的摩擦系数为0.1186,球斑直径为159.68μm.DLC镀膜处理的试样中,3μm厚的DLC膜试样在实验中的减摩性能较好,摩擦系数较低,但是磨斑尺寸较大,约为508.86μm.在织构上镀DLC膜的复合处理方法,对于摩擦学性能改善不明显.在DLC薄膜上加工微纹织构的表面,表面织构化和DLC镀膜的耦合性能好,尤其在3μm厚DLC膜上加工微纹织构的试样,实验得到的摩擦系数仅为0.09946,磨斑尺寸为192.22μm.结论 DLC涂层上加工微纹织构的复合处理方法,结合了微纹织构的储油特性和DLC的减摩特性,两种处理方法产生了正向协同作用,得到具有较好减摩和抗磨性能的摩擦表面.     

表面织构及供油量对润滑性能影响的建模分析

目的研究不同供油条件下织构表面的润滑性能。方法首先,建立考虑表面织构的乏油润滑模型,求解修正雷诺方程获得乏油工况下考虑织构表面的润滑油膜厚度以及压力分布。然后,依据求得的润滑油膜厚度判断计算域内各点润滑状态,通过接触压力及油膜厚度分别计算边界润滑、混合润滑以及流体润滑状态下的切应力,并积分求得摩擦力进而得到摩擦系数。结果模拟了供油层厚度为50~500 nm以及充分供油条件下三种织构的润滑行为,获得了不同润滑状态下表面织构的摩擦系数。速度为0.1 m/s时,供油量对接触区油膜厚度的影响较小,不同润滑状态下织构表现出不同的润滑性能。速度为0.2 m/s时,供油层厚度对油膜厚度的影响较大,随着供油层厚度的增大,膜厚明显增加,摩擦系数在供油层厚度为200 nm时最小。结论接触副处于流体润滑状态时,织构表面不具有减摩效果。接触副处于边界润滑状态时,织构表面具有减摩效果,并且织构较密时,摩擦系数较小。接触副处于混合润滑状态时,织构过于稀疏或密集时均不具有减摩效果,但是合理分布的织构具有减摩效果。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.