固溶处理Mg-0.5Zr-1.8Zn-xGd生物可降解镁合金的微观组织、力学性能和腐蚀性能

研究了Mg-0.5Zr-1.8Zn-xGd (x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,质量分数,%) 镁合金经过470 ℃和10 h固溶处理后的组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,Gd含量在0%~2.5%范围内,随着Gd含量增加,合金晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。当Gd含量低于1.5%时,合金元素几乎完全固溶于合金基体中,第二相主要由纳米尺度的(Mg,Zn)₃Gd析出颗粒组成。当Gd含量在1.5%~2.5%范围时,合金中出现未固溶的微米尺度的(Mg,Zn)₃Gd相,并且该相数量和尺寸随着Gd含量增加而增加。由于组织均匀分布和纳米尺寸的第二相颗粒存在,Mg-0.5Zr-1.8Zn-1.5Gd合金具有优异的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。在120 h浸泡实验中,Mg-0.5Zr-1.8Zn-1.5Gd合金平均腐蚀速率首先降低,然后增加,接着缓慢降低,最后,随着浸泡时间延长,腐蚀速率最终变得稳定。     

Nb含量对Fe0.5MnNi1.5CrNb x 高熵合金微观结构和力学性能的影响

采用真空感应熔炼法制备了Fe_0.5MnNi_1.5CrNb_x（x=0,0.05,0.1,摩尔比）高熵合金,并分析了不同Nb含量对其组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,不含Nb元素的合金具有单相fcc结构,其抗拉强度和断裂延伸率（即延展性）分别为519 MPa和47%。添加少量的Nb(x=0.05)后出现(200)织构和少量Fe₂Nb Laves相,合金的延展性增加到55%,并且抗拉强度增加到570 MPa。当Nb含量增加到x=0.1时,织构减少,而Fe₂Nb Laves相增多,抗拉强度和延展性分别为650 MPa和45%。     

FeCoCrNiZr x 高熵合金的磁性和电化学性能

采用真空电弧熔炼法制备了不同Zr含量的FeCoCrNiZr_x（x=0.5,0.75,1）高熵合金。研究了Zr含量对合金组织、磁性能和电化学腐蚀性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、振动样品磁力计和电化学工作站对合金的磁性能和电化学腐蚀能力进行了研究。结果表明：FeCoCrNiZr_x合金具有典型的共晶组织,由面心立方固溶体和C15 Laves相组成。随着Zr含量的增加,合金硬度呈先增大后减小的趋势。根据合成的静态滞回曲线可以看出,FeCoCrNiZr_0.5合金具有顺磁性和铁磁性的混合型特征,FeCoCrNiZr_0.75合金表现为顺磁性,FeCoCrNiZr₁合金表现为典型的铁磁性。同时,FeCoCrNiZr_x合金在3.5%（质量分数）NaCl溶液中经历活化与钝化转变。当合金中的Zr含量为0.75%（原子分数）时,合金极化电阻具有最大的阻抗电容半径,钝化膜的耐腐蚀能力最强。     

微量Gd添加对Mg-8Zn-1Mn-3Sn合金组织转变及性能的影响

研究了微量Gd的添加对Mg-8Zn-1Mn-3Sn合金显微组织及性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-8Zn-1Mn-3Sn-xGd主要由α-Mg基体、MgZn₂、Mg₇Zn₃、Mg₂Sn相、MgSnGd相组成。MgSnGd相为高温相,在合金凝固过程中最先形成,改变了凝固过程,使晶界处半连续第二相转变为断网状。MgSnGd相与α-Mg基体存在共格位向关系,能作为异质形核核心细化合金晶粒。Mg-8Zn-1Mn-3Sn-0.5Gd合金的综合力学性能最佳,合金力学性能得到显著提高的机制为通过添加Gd元素细化晶粒组织、MgSnGd相钉扎晶界阻碍位错运动以及晶界第二相形貌转变。     

NdCeFeB快淬带相互作用与磁性能

采用感应熔炼制备名义成分为(Nd_1-xCe_x)_2.4Fe₁₄B (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.8, 1.0)的快淬带,研究了Ce取代量对快淬带的相组成、磁性能和微观结构的影响。XRD结果表明,所有快淬带均呈现四方结构(Nd, Ce)₂Fe₁₄B相,当Ce取代量超过x=0.6时,快淬带中出现CeFe₂相并且CeFe₂含量随着Ce取代量的增加而增加。快淬带的剩磁、剩磁比（M_r/M_s）和晶格常数随着Ce含量的增加而减小,当Ce取代量为x=0.2时,快淬带的磁性能为矫顽力1.31×10⁶ A/m,最大磁能积103 kJ/m³。通过小回线和δM曲线研究了快淬带的矫顽力机理和晶粒间交换耦合,在每个样品中都观察到正的δM值,证实了交换耦合相互作用的存在。Ce含量为x=0.2时δM最大值达到0.76,说明快淬带晶粒间交换耦合效应最强,这一结果与剩磁比的变化一致。SEM观察发现,Ce取代量的增加恶化快淬带的柱状晶结构。     

Mo添加对Al19Fe20- x Co20- x Ni41Mo2 x 共晶高熵合金摩擦学性能的影响

研究了Al₁₉Fe_20-xCo_20-xNi₄₁Mo_2x（x=0,1,2,3,4,5）共晶高熵合金（EHEAs）的摩擦学性能。结果表明,添加微量Mo的EHEA可形成面心立方（fcc）+B2共晶组织,而添加相对较高含量Mo的EHEAs可形成fcc+B2+μ树枝状组织。Mo元素有利于提高L1₂相的强度和B2相的延性。然而,随着Mo含量的增加,生成的富Mo μ相降低了EHEAs的强度和塑性。Al₁₉Fe₁₈Co₁₈Ni₄₁Mo₄ EHEA具有高强度和高延展性的最佳组合。增加Mo含量可以提高EHEAs的抗氧化性。随着Mo含量的增加,EHEA在滑动过程中形成了抗氧化性增强的摩擦氧化物层,摩擦系数单调下降。本研究为Al₁₉Fe_20-xCo_20-xNi₄₁Mo_2x EHEAs的摩擦学性能研究提供了指导。     

挤压态Mg–1.8Zn–0.5Zr–xGd(0≤x≤2.5%)生物镁合金微观组织演化及降解机理

目的 提高Mg–0.5Zr–1.8Zn–xGd(x=0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%)生物镁合金在模拟体液中的耐腐蚀性能。方法 先对Mg–0.5Zr–1.8Zn–xGd合金进行固溶处理,然后利用反向挤压技术对其进行组织细化处理,采用OM、SEM、EDS、EBSD和TEM分析了挤压后Mg–0.5Zr–1.8Zn–xGd合金的晶粒形貌、织构特征、相组成和表面腐蚀形貌。利用电化学工作站和静态腐蚀测试了挤压后合金的耐腐蚀性能。利用XPS对Mg–0.5Zr–1.8Zn–xGd合金腐蚀前、后的表面元素及其化学状态进行表征。结果 挤压温度和挤压比分别为360 ℃和7.7时,合金都发生了较为完全的动态再结晶。随Gd含量的增加,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,耐腐蚀性能先增强后减弱。当Gd质量分数为1.5%时,合金具有较好的耐腐蚀性能,其静态腐蚀速率约为0.447 mm/a;Gd质量分数为1.5%时,合金中析出了少量的纳米级圆棒状(Mg,Zn)3Gd相颗粒和纳米级椭圆球状Mg2Zn11相颗粒,且随着Gd含量的增加,合金中第二相颗粒的数量及体积分数逐渐增大。Mg–0.5Zr–1.8Zn–1.5Gd合金在SBF中浸泡120 h内,随浸泡时间的增加,腐蚀过程分3个阶段,首先合金表面Mg(OH)2腐蚀产物的生成及增厚导致腐蚀速率在腐蚀初期快速降低,随后致密的Mg(OH)2、(Ca,Mg)3(PO4)2和Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2腐蚀产物的生成及增厚导致腐蚀速率缓慢降低,最后腐蚀产物的生成与溶解达到动态平衡导致腐蚀速率逐渐趋于稳定。结论 挤压变形能够显著细化Mg–0.5Zr–1.8Zn–xGd合金的晶粒,均匀化和弥散化析出相分布,有效改善镁合金在模拟体液中的耐腐蚀性能。     

多组元替换Zr-Al-Ni-Cu-Ag金属玻璃的热稳定性和晶化行为

为提高金属玻璃的热稳定性并获得大过冷液相区,研究了成分为Zr_65-x(Al_0.21Ni_0.29Cu_0.04Ag_0.46)_35+x（x=0,7.5,15.0,22.5）的金属玻璃,重点分析了组分浓度对合金热稳定性、热诱导沉淀相以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着合金组分浓度的增加,非晶漫散射峰的峰位向更高角度偏移,出现了玻璃转变现象。随着玻璃转变温度（T_g）和晶化温度（T_x）增加,液相线温度（T_l）降低,导致T_x和T_g之间的温度差（ΔT_x）减小,约化玻璃转变温度（T_rg）增大。此外,形核激活能（E_x）和长大激活能（E_p1）随着溶质浓度的增加而增加。初晶从四方Zr₂Ni、Zr₂(Cu, Ag)、ZrAg和六方Zr₅Al₃相的组合转变为单一四方ZrAg相,维氏硬度呈现出增加的趋势。通过研究,发现了具有141 K过冷液相区（ΔT_x）和高热稳定性的新型金属玻璃Zr_65-x(Al_0.21Ni_0.29Cu_0.04Ag_0.46)_35+x（x=7.5）,且具有较强的抵抗晶化的特性。本研究采用的多组元替换策略对提高金属玻璃的热稳定性具有重要意义。     

Tm对锆基块体非晶合金力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响

采用铜模负压吸铸工艺制备了(Zr_0.6336Cu_0.1452Ni_0.1012Al_0.12)_100-xTm_x（x=0~5,原子分数）块体金属玻璃（BMG）合金,研究了Tm对合金力学性能和抗腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,当Tm含量增加到3%时,其玻璃形成能力（GFA）和压缩塑性显著提高,但过量Tm会降低GFA。x=3时合金的最大过冷液相区宽度为100 K,抗压强度为1669 MPa,塑性应变为21.01%,远高于Zr_0.6336Cu_0.1452Ni_0.1012Al_0.12 BMG的各项性能（67 K、1439 MPa和5.90%）。然而,电化学测试结果表明,x=3时的合金在3.5%（质量分数）NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性不佳,且其耐腐蚀性和力学性能随Tm含量的变化趋势与预期不同。可能是由于过量添加稀土元素Tm,容易形成更多的氧化物,导致点蚀加剧。进一步添加Tm可以提高Zr基BMG钝化膜的完整性和耐点蚀性能,但力学性能不理想。     

Co-Sn单相合金深过冷凝固时Co3Sn2 相生长形貌的演变机制

开展了(Co₆₀Sn₄₀)_100-xNb_x (x=0,0.4,0.6,0.8,at%)单相合金的深过冷凝固实验,研究了Co₃Sn₂相生长形貌的演变机制。结果表明,在小过冷度下,Co₃Sn₂相在x=0,0.4以海藻状的模式进行生长,随着添加的Nb含量增加至0.6at%,其生长形貌转变为树枝晶,并在x=0.8进一步转变为分形海藻晶,这主要是由于界面能各向异性和动力学各向异性的变化。随着过冷度的增加,(Co₆₀Sn₄₀)_99.4Nb_0.6合金中Co₃Sn₂相生长形貌在过冷度大于28 K时从树枝晶转变为分形海藻,当过冷度高于143 K时转变为密集海藻。少量的Nb添加在小过冷度和中间过冷度时能提高Co₃Sn₂相的生长速度,但是在大过冷度下会显著降低生长速度。Co₃Sn₂相生长速度随过冷度变化规律的转变对应其生长形貌从分形海藻向密集海藻的转变。     

Effect of Gd on microstructure and stress corrosion cracking of the AZ91-extruded magnesium alloy

AZ91 and AZ91–xGd (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 wt%) magnesium alloys are extruded into plates. The addition of Gd promotes the formation of Al₂Gd, effectively reducing the volume fraction of the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase and making the banded structures of the extruded magnesium alloys thinner. The corrosion weight loss tests and electrochemistry analyses demonstrate that Gd significantly improves the pitting resistance of the AZ91 in 3.5-wt% NaCl solution saturated with Mg(OH)₂. Slow strain rate tensile tests show that in a corrosive environment, compared with AZ91, the elongation to failure of the AZ91–1.0Gd alloy is increased by 47%, and the alloy exhibits excellent stress corrosion resistance in this study. The fracture mode of AZ91 is changed from typical intergranular fracture to a mixture of transgranular and intergranular fracture in the corrosion solution by adding Gd. The mechanism of Gd to improve the stress corrosion resistance of the AZ91 magnesium alloy is that Gd increases the corrosion resistance, especially the pitting of AZ91.     

稀土Gd对SLM成型Mg-Zn-Gd合金耐蚀性能研究

镁合金具有高比强度与良好的生物相容性,是一种理想的骨植入材料。因镁合金降解速率过快在临床应用中受到限制,通过SLM可对其合金化并改善耐蚀性能。利用SLM成型Mg-1Zn-xGd(x=0、0.25、0.5、1、2 wt%)合金,测试镁合金在模拟体液中浸泡72 h平均腐蚀速率变化趋势,采用SEM、EDS与TEM检测手段辅助分析腐蚀机理。实验结果表明,Gd含量对镁合金腐蚀速率影响显著,添加0~2 wt% Gd后镁合金降解速率呈先降低后升高趋势,在添加0.5 wt% Gd时镁合金具有最佳耐腐蚀性能。腐蚀反应产生的表面钝化膜能够一定程度减缓腐蚀的进行,添加过量Gd后沿晶界析出Mg₅Gd相增多加剧了镁合金腐蚀。     

Effect of Gd on microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion behavior of as-homogenized Mg−8Li−3Al−2Zn−0.2Zr alloy

The microstructure observation, tensile test, electrochemical measurement, and corrosion morphology characterization were conducted to study the effect of Gd on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of as-homogenized Mg?8Li?3Al?2Zn?0.2Zr (LAZ832?0.2Zr) alloy. The addition of trace Gd can improve the mechanical properties of as-homogenized LAZ832?0.2Zr alloy by refining the microstructure, reducing the content of AlLi softening phase, and forming Al₂Gd strengthening phase. Meanwhile, the addition of trace Gd can weaken the microgalvanic corrosion between matrix phase and AlLi phase, inhibit the galvanic corrosion between α-Mg phase and β-Li phase, and result in the formation of dense oxide film containing Gd₂O₃, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy. When the Gd content is 1.0 wt.%, the alloy shows the best comprehensive properties with the ultimate tensile strength of 189.8 MPa, elongation of 42.3%, and corrosion rate (determined by hydrogen evolution) of 0.86 mm·a^?1.     

Er元素对定向凝固Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金微观组织和共晶相形貌的影响

采用定向凝固方法制备了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-xEr（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.5,质量分数,%）4种合金棒。利用光学显微镜（OM）、电子探针（EPMA）、能谱分析（EDS）和其他方法研究了铸态合金的微观组织和第二相形貌。结果表明：Er元素能增加Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金定向凝固组织的枝晶数量,并能减小合金的一次枝晶臂间距和二次枝晶臂间距。适量Er元素能减少合金第二相的含量并有利于形成圆形第二相。生成的Al₈Cu₄Er相会降低T相（AlZnMgCu）中的Cu含量,起到圆润T相边界的作用,改变了T相的形貌和内部结构,并且Al₈Cu₄Er相能充当T相的形核位置,使得一部分T相围绕该相生长。Er的添加会提高合金的显微硬度。     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of misch metal added Mg-Si alloys

Effect of misch metal additions (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 wt%) on the refinement of Mg₂Si phase in Mg-1.15Si alloy has been studied and compared with the base alloy. MM addition effectively refines the microstructure by breaking the α-Mg halos and lamellar eutectic phase and the maximum refinement is obtained for 0.6 MM addition. For higher MM additions (0.9 and 1.2 wt%), the refinement effect gets reduced and the formation of RE-Si compound is dominated. Improved tensile properties are obtained with the addition of MM and are attributed to the refinement of microstructure and the presence RE-Si compound. The tensile properties obtained are correlated with the microstructure and mirofractomechnisms.     

Effects of Sb,Sm, and Sn additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al-1.2Y-0.9Nd alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al-1.2Y-0.9Nd magnesium alloy with Sb, Sm, or Sn addition were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that small amounts of Sb, Sm, and especially Sn can refine the grains of the alloy. High melting point Sb₃Y₅, Al₂Sm, and Nd₅Sn₃ intermetallic compounds can be formed respectively when Sb, Sm, and Sn are added to the alloy. Sb and Sm can improve the tensile strength of the alloy at ambient and elevated temperatures. The tensile strength of the alloy with Sm addition is the highest at 293 and 423 K. However, the tensile strength of the alloy with Sn addition is the highest at 448 K.     

Effect of Gd addition on mechanical and microstructural properties of Mg-xGd-2.6Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr cast alloys

The Mg-xGd-2.6Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr(x=0,3.0,4.5 and 6.0,wt.%) alloys were prepared by gravity casting and then T6 treatment.Microstructures of the alloy were observed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Results show that the as-cast alloys contained network Mg_3Gd phases,blocky and needle-like Mg_(12)(Nd,Gd) phases.The a(Zr) particle inclusions in the a(Mg) matrix are also observed.Content of the secondary phases decreases as Gd content increases.Tensile test results show that the tensile and yield strengths of all the alloys increase as Gd content increases under the as-cast and T6 conditions,but the elongation exhibits the opposite trend.The blocky Mg_(12)(Nd,Gd) phases appear and act as crack initiator and deteriorates the experimental alloys' ductility with the increase of Gd content,especially as Gd content increases to 6.0 wt.%,so the Mg-6.0Gd-2.6Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr alloy has the lowest elongation value compared to the other alloys studied.After T6 treatment,the Mg-4.5Gd-2.6Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr alloy exhibits the optimal mechanical properties both at room temperature and 250℃.     

Microhardness and Tensile Properties of a 6XXX Alloy Through Minor Additions of Zr

The 6XXX series alloy is known to show inferior age-hardening response during the paint-bake cycle due to natural aging prior to the paint-bake. Many researchers have adopted the pre-aging process to offset the detrimental effect of the natural aging process. The alloy used in this study contained excess Si, and it had been reported elsewhere that such alloys do not show positive response to the pre-aging process. The present work is aimed to study the microhardness and tensile strength of the Al-1.2Si-0.5Mg-0.25Fe wrought alloy through Zr additions between 0.02 and 0.30 wt.%. Alloys containing 0.15 wt.% Zr and above heat-treated for 30 min gave higher microhardness and ultimate tensile strength values compared to that of Al-1.2Si-0.5Mg-0.25Fe without Zr which was heat-treated for 11 h. It was found that mechanical properties improved when the Zr content in the alloys increased. The improvement of mechanical properties was mainly attributed to formation of Zr-bearing intermetallic compounds formed in the alloy.