盐酸黄连素废水处理技术研究进展

综述近年来关于盐酸黄连素废水处理技术的研究进展,盐酸黄连素废水处理技术有物理法、化学法和生物法3种,目前的研究热点是高级氧化技术,高级氧化技术与其他方法的联用是今后盐酸黄连素废水处理技术发展的方向,利用生物技术处理盐酸黄连素制药废水具有良好的发展前景,而物化法-生物法联用技术将是处理和根治盐酸黄连素制药废水污染的最佳方法。     

印染废水脱色研究进展

纺织工业的印染废水是危害水环境安全的重要污染源.总结了吸附、混凝、氧化还原、生化等方法,论述了印染废水脱色技术研究进展情况.吸附脱色只吸附染料,不破坏其结构,吸附剂再生利用成本高.混凝法产生大量污泥需二次处理.生化法占地大、投入高,处理效果不佳.高级氧化法脱色价格成本较高.酶催化降解与强化物理化学的方法将有广阔的应用前景.     

臭氧氧化法在深度处理难降解有机废水中的应用

臭氧氧化作为一种有效的深度处理技术,对难降解有机废水具有良好的降解功效.介绍了臭氧的性质及氧化机理,分析了臭氧氧化法在处理纺织印染废水、造纸废水、垃圾渗滤液、炼油废水、焦化废水等难降解有机废水中的应用,指出了臭氧氧化存在的问题.     

应用高级氧化法处理粪便污水的探索

现行的粪便污水处理主要采用的是生物处理技术,而采用生物处理技术的粪便污水处理设备也存在一些缺点,如需要一定的时间培养微生物、不能间歇运行、处理周期长、剩余污泥量较大等.针对这些问题提出了采用高级氧化法处理粪便污水,总结了高级氧化法在污水处理中的应用,对高级氧化法处理粪便污水进行了可行性分析.     

Fenton试剂与TiO_2光催化氧化农药废水研究

以合肥市循环经济园区某农药厂的生产废水为研究对象,分别将Fenton高级氧化法和TiO2光催化氧化法应用于农药废水的预处理,研究了反应时间、pH值、H2O2投加量、TiO2投加量等对CODCr去除率的影响。结果表明:Fenton高级氧化法和TiO2光催化氧化法在处理农药废水方面都具有一定的效果;H2O2投加量是影响Fenton试剂氧化农药废水的主要因素,当初始pH值为4、反应时间为90 min、Fe2+的投加量为0.04 mol/L、H2O2投加量为0.4 mol/L时,Fenton高级氧化法的处理效果最好;在光催化氧化试验中,当初始pH值为9、反应时间为120 min、TiO2投加量为2.64 g/L时,TiO2光催化氧化效果最佳。     

高级氧化技术处理水中难降解有机物的比较研究

高级氧化技术作为物化处理技术之一,具有处理效率高、对有毒有害污染物分解较彻底等诸多优点,从而展现出在难降解有机废水的预处理和微污染水源水治理方面的应用前景。     

高效稳定湿式氧化催化剂的制备及反应机理的研究

催化湿式氧化工艺能够有效处理高浓度难降解有毒有害废水,是一种应用前景广阔的高级氧化技术。以催化湿式氧化乙酸为模型反应,优化了粉末ZrO_2-CeO_2载体的制备方法。结果表明,向CeO_2中掺杂Zr,采用碱液回流工艺,Zr和Ce的物质的量之比为1:9时,制备的ZrO_2-CeO_2载体性能最好。采用浸渍法,制备了2%的RuO_2/ZrO_-CeO_2粉末催化剂,并开展了该催化剂催化湿式氧化处理乙酸溶液和丙烯酸废水的研究,催化剂均表现出了良好活性。采用凝     

生物接触氧化法处理柑桔罐头废水的研究

通过对柑桔罐头生产企业产生废水的特点分析,提出了采用酸化水解 接触氧化处理工艺处理柑桔罐头废水的方案,并对试验结果进行动力学模型推导,利用作图法得出接触氧化法处理柑桔加工废水的反应速率方程.     

电氧化产活性氯、活性氧处理废水研究进展

随着废水排放增加,环境污染问题日益严重,电氧化技术不仅可以通过产生活性氯和活性氧等强氧化性物质有效处理废水,而且其本身作为一种绿色氧化技术,对未来构建“碳中和”模式水处理技术及实现“碳达峰”目标具有重要意义。论述了电氧化处理工业废水、农业废水、生活废水及垃圾渗滤液的研究现状,着重分析了在电极类型、电解质种类及浓度不同的条件下电氧化生成活性氯和活性氧处理废水的性能,总结归纳电氧化生成活性氯和活性氧高效处理不同领域废水的适用条件,并对电氧化处理不同领域废水的发展方向进行展望。     

生物接触氧化法处理印染废水

生物接触氧化法是介于活性污泥法和生物膜法两者之间并兼有二者优点的一种处理方法。北京工业大学从1976年4月开始与北京毛巾厂、北京第二印染厂等单位协作,采用生物接触氧化法处理印染废水。分别对毛巾生产废水、绒布漂染废水、棉化纤针织染整废水进行了小型、中型试验。在试验基础上进行了污水处理工程设计。北京第二针织厂采用生物接触氧化法处理针织漂染废水,处理工程于1980年9月投入运转(见附图)。     

超声强化臭氧降解高浓度苯酚废水研究

超声及其组合技术对有机物废水降解是一种新兴的污水处理技术,有着广阔的发展前景和应用市场.对超声强声动力强化臭氧降解高浓度苯酚废水过程中的臭氧通气量、溶液的pH值、反应时间及溶液的初始浓度进行了实验研究,并对单一臭氧和超声强化臭氧降解效果进行了比较.结果表明:由于超声独特的物理、化学效应为臭氧降解提供了极端的物理、化学环境,二者协同作用使得反应进行彻底,COD去除率可达100%.     

超临界水氧化法及其在有机废水处理中的应用

对超临界水的性质,超临界水氧化法的原理、工艺流程和发展现状进行了介绍和综述。超临界水氧化法处理含芳香族有机废水,随反应温度和压力的升高及停留时间的延长,苯酚去除率提高,在很短的停留时间内,苯酚的去除率可达96%以上。超临界水氧化法对废水中的乙酸,去除率最高可达99%。最后,指出了目前超临界水氧化法存在的问题及今后的发展方向。     

Optimization of the removal of phenol by soybean seed coats using response surface methodology

Peroxidase from soybean seed coats catalyzes the oxidation and polymerization of aromatic compounds in the presence of H(2)O(2). The present study investigated the optimization of the phenol removal from wastewaters by direct using of soybean seed coats that can be extended to large scale, as a cost-effective option in comparison to pure enzyme. A central composite design was used to evaluate the effect of the following factors on the phenol removal: H(2)O(2) concentration (1-40 mmol/L), polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration (0-1 g/L) and the amount of soybean seed coats (10-60 g/L). The results showed that PEG concentration had no significant effect on phenol conversion. Additionally, by increasing the amount of soybean seed coats, the extent of phenol conversion was increased and a higher concentration of H(2)O(2) was required to reach the maximum phenol conversion. Under optimum conditions for 1 mmol/L initial phenol, 50 g/L soybean seed coats, 14 mmol/L H(2)O(2) and 0.8 g/L PEG, the phenol conversion after 30 min was 78%. After 2 h, the catalyzed process was capable of achieving 90-92% removal of the total phenol from synthetic wastewater. A cubic model was also developed that was verified by predicting some independent experimental results.     

Fenton试剂处理港口化学品洗舱废水

根据珠海某港口化学品洗舱废水的组成,配置甲醛、甲苯、苯酚的单独污染物模拟废水,采用Fenton试剂对港口废水和模拟废水进行氧化处理。通过实验探讨了不同的H2O2和Fe2+浓度、pH值、反应时间下各种废水COD的去除情况,确定了各种废水最佳的操作条件。港口废水在最佳的操作条件下COD去除率约为88%,废水的COD质量浓度从2 000~2 200 mg/L降到低于280 mg/L,废水由原来的无法生化变为易生物降解。苯酚、甲醛、甲苯模拟废水在各自最佳的操作条件下,COD去除率也都达到85%以上。     

湿式氧化技术处理化工废水的研究

采用湿式氧化技术处理在生产磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶过程中产生的高浓度有机废水。在反应温度为250℃,初始ρ(COD)为4 575 mg/L,反应时间为2 h,pH值为7~8时,采用湿式双氧水氧化和催化湿式氧化,COD去除率分别为78.3%和92.0%,表明催化湿式氧化具有较好的COD去除效果。同时考察了催化湿式氧化中反应温度、反应时间、废水pH值对COD去除率的影响。     

O3/TiO2/γ-Al2O3协同降解苯酚的研究

采用催化臭氧化技术对降解苯酚进行研究。考察了进气流量、苯酚初始浓度、催化剂投加量、pH值及温度等因素对苯酚降解的影响。研究结果表明:在一定范围内,随着进气流量的增加、温度的降低,苯酚的降解速率加快;溶液pH值对催化臭氧化有比较重要的影响,在pH值为8~10时,苯酚的去除率最高。     

Screening of chemical oxidation processes and other methods for decolorization of urine for its re-use as toilet-flush liquid in ecological sanitation systems.

Because of its potential use as fertilizer, urine ("yellow water") is a resource originating from sanitation. Its separate collection in no-mix toilets is a beneficial aspect of ecological (source control) sanitation. In order to avoid dilution of the fertilizing nutrients with toilet flush water, the utilization of yellow water as toilet flush liquid seems to be advantageous. To be accepted for this purpose, urine has to be decolorized (and also deodorized). In this study activated carbon adsorption, irradiation with UV light of different wavelengths, the advanced oxidation processes ultrasound, UV/H2O2, and photocatalytic oxidation have failed to decolorize urine. Biological treatment caused brown colour of the treated urine. Only ozonation was successful in colour removal, although it did not affect TOC. In spite of darkening of yellow water during biological treatment (generation of humic substances), smaller ozone doses were required for decolorizing the biologically pre-treated urine than for original urine. Photocatalytic oxidation of biologically treated urine also removed brown colour, but the original yellow colour remained. In ozonated urine, yellow colour was reconstituted unless hydrogen peroxide was added. In addition to colour removal, ozone contributed to deodorization as a consequence of ammonia stripping and probably of phenol oxidation.     

Simultaneous copper, cobalt and phenol removal from aqueous solutions by alternating biosorption and biodegradation

A strategy for removal of heavy metals and phenol from wastewaters is proposed. It involves consecutive cation biosorption by fungi, phenol biodegradation by the yeast association Candida sp. 2326 + Candida sp. 2327 and regeneration. Copper and cobalt removal from aqueous solutions containing 80-120 mg/L phenol by biosorption, using Rhizopus archizus cells immobilized onto poly (vinyl alcohol), was investigated by conducting a series of batch experiments. The removal efficiencies were 81% for Cu and 5% for Co. The residual concentrations of Cu (1.9 mg/L) and of Co (9.5 mg/L) did not change the biodegradation dynamics of phenol. A quantitative biodegradation of 120 mg/L phenol proceeded within 22 h. After biodegradation of phenol, the removal efficiencies achieved by biosorption after regeneration were 90% for Cu and 44% for Co. It was found that copper and cobalt form positively charged complexes with phenol. This complex formation hinders the retention of Cu and Co by the biosorbent and reduces the uptake of their cations.     

Treatment of wastewater containing high phenol concentrations using stabilisation ponds enriched with activated sludge.

Treatment of wastewater containing high phenol concentrations (up to 4,000 mg/l, 1,600 kg/ha.d) in laboratory-scale stabilisation ponds enriched with activated sludge was studied. Phenol was biodegraded efficiently, even when fed as the sole carbon source. At influent concentrations of 1,000, 1,300, 1,600, 1,900, 2,500, 3,000 and 4,000 mg/l of phenol (loading rates of 400, 520, 640, 760, 1,000, 1,200 and 1,600 kg phenol/ha.d), the phenol removal efficiencies were 92, 89, 81, 81, 76, 65 and 22%, respectively. At 4,000 mg/l of phenol, the enriched ponds were significantly inhibited. The maximum phenol removal rate observed was 780 kg/ha.d, which is 7.7 times higher than the maximum value reported for attached-growth waste stabilisation ponds. All along the experiments, the enriched ponds showed removal rates 1.8-20.5 times higher than the values observed in control pond (not enriched). The results suggest that enrichment is an effective method to increase xenobiotic removal rates of stabilisation ponds.