物质偏心因子的回归与关联

基于Lee-Kesler偏心因子关联式和由R iedel蒸汽压方程导出的偏心因子关联式具有相同数学形式的这种情况,为了探索准确性更高的关联式,采用这一数学形式,利用文献中的物质偏心因子数据,通过非线性回归和线性回归导出了文章的物质偏心因子关联式;应用该关联式计算了382种物质的偏心因子,总平均相对误差3.006%,该关联式计算准确性优于目前文献中的各种偏心因子关联式,是一种更准确有效的物质偏心因子估算方法。     

基于相关系数的过程系统故障检测与诊断方法

故障检测和故障诊断对提高控制系统的安全性具有重要意义。通过对过程变量之间的相关性变化与过程装置故障之间关系进行深入分析,提出了一种基于过程变量相关系数约束的过程故障诊断方法。对相关过程变量定义基于相关系数（含相关系数、多重相关系数、偏相关系数）约束的过程诊断函数,通过考察相关系数和诊断函数的变化,对与其所涉及变量相关的装置是否发生故障做出判断。如果装置或系统发生故障,则会引起相关系数和诊断函数值发生变化,可通过诊断函数值进行逻辑推断,最终确定故障位置和故障装置。最后通过一个精馏塔的实际工程案例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

非规整报警的相关性分析方法

报警管理在化工过程安全中具有重要地位,而报警相关性挖掘是报警管理的重要组成部分。在传统的基于凝聚层次聚类的报警相关性挖掘方法基础上,提出非规整报警相关性计算方法,弥补了传统方法难以处理延迟时间变化与非对称情况的不足。同时以概率形式表示相关性大小,使不同位点之间的相关性计算结果具有可比性。经过仿真案例与工厂真实生产案例测试,该方法能够有效挖掘过程中出现的报警相关性,进而指导报警系统合 理化。     

新的气体平均比热容温度线性关系式

通过直接以温度的线性关系式拟合气体平均比热容表中数据,得出了计算气体在0—t（℃）间的平均比热容的新的温度直线关系式。拟合分段进行,以减小关系式的计算偏差。文中对几种常见气体的平均比热容在0℃-1200℃内进行了拟合,给出了系数值和拟合偏差。和现有的相似关系式做了计算对比,表明用本文方法确定的关系式计算更准确。在0℃-1200℃内,拟合式的平均计算偏差小于0.3%。     

基于偏相关性分析的MPC控制器模型失配检测

在实际中,模型失配是导致模型预测控制性能下降的关键因素。传统的相关性分析方法在分析某一通道的预测残差和操作变量之间的相关性时,会受到其他操作变量及干扰的影响,导致结果不可靠,无法准确定位失配。针对上述问题,现采用偏相关性分析方法。在滤除其他操作变量和干扰影响的前提下,分析各通道预测残差和操作变量之间的相关性,将模型失配问题转化为一定区间上偏相关系数的分布问题。通过观察各通道偏相关系数的分布图判断是否发生失配,并通过Shell塔实验验证该方法的有效性。     

粘度对规整填料层泛点影响的研究

研究了粘度对规整填料层泛点的影响 ,对文献上规整填料层泛点的关联式进行了改进 ,利用新关联式可由空气 水物系的泛点实验数据计算其他物系的泛点空塔气速 ,新关联方法与实验数据吻合较好 ,计算准确性优于文献公式     

A Predictive Correlation for Dynamic Viscosity of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters and Biodiesel

The viscosity of biodiesel, which is a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), is an important physical property in the injection and efficient combustion. In this study, a simple correlation, with only one adjustable parameter, is proposed for predicting the viscosity of FAME and their mixtures (biodiesel) as a function of temperature. First, the adjustable parameter of the correlation is calculated for various FAME. The average absolute relative deviation (AARD) is obtained to be 0.97% for 226 data points. Second, the adjustable parameter of FAME is connected to the number of carbon atoms and the number of double bonds to build a predictive correlation for the calculation of viscosity. The AARD for 226 data points is obtained to be 2.28%. Third, the proposed model is employed to predict the viscosity of biodiesel without introducing any new adjustable parameter. To predict the viscosity of biodiesel, the average of the adjustable parameter is applied to the correlation. The AARD of 2.96% is obtained for 185 data points comprised of 23 different biodiesels. To better understand the ability of the correlation in the estimation of the viscosity of biodiesel and FAME, a comparison is made between the present correlation and a number of correlations available in the literature.     

MULTI-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHAOS BEHAVIOR IN GAS-LIQUID BUBBLE COLUMNS

The multi-value phenomenon of correlation dimension appearing in chaos analysis of time series of pressure fluctuation obtained from gas-liquid bubble columns was studied. Its relationship with multi-scale flow behavior and possible application in the identification of flow regime and regime transition in bubble columns were investigated. The results indicated that the multi-value phenomenon of correlation dimension results from the multi-scale behavior existing in the heterogeneous churn flow regime in bubble columns. When a bubble column is in the homogeneous flow regime, only one correlation dimension is found at a specified superficial gas velocity, indicating that single-scale behavior is dominant in the system. When a bubble column is in the heterogeneous churn flow regime, multi- (generally three) correlation dimensions can be obtained, showing the appearance of multi-scale behavior. Therefore, the formulation of an effective flow model depends on an appropriate multi-scale analysis for bubble columns. Flow regime and regime transition can be characterized by the structure and structure variation of the plot of the correlation integral versus radius of the hyper-sphere. On the basis of the above analysis, a complementary potential methodology called correlation integral analysis for the identification of flow regime and regime transition in gas-liquid bubble columns is recommended.     

溶液除湿中基于水蒸气压差的传质系数

分析了溶液除湿系统中气液界面间传质过程的影响因素,以气液界面间传质的直接驱动力--溶液表面蒸气压与湿空气中水蒸气分压差为基础,提出了以蒸气压差为变量的传质系数关联式,采用已公开发表的实验数据(LiCl溶液,纤维规整型填料)拟合获取关联式中常数项,得到除湿过程传质系数关联式。采用不同结构填料(LiCl溶液,PVC规整型填料)已公开发表的实验数据对该关联式进行验证,实验值与计算值相对偏差为-10.48%～5.28%。为进一步验证该关联式,搭建了热泵型溶液除湿系统(LiBr溶液,翅片管式热湿交换器),用获得的实验数据对得到的关联式进行验证,相对偏差为-1.8%～12.8%。3组实验值与计算值的对比表明,以蒸气压差为主要变量的传质系数关联式对规整型填料溶液除湿器传质系数的模拟计算具有较高的计算精度。     

A simple friction pressure drop correlation for two-phase flow in pipes

A new correlation for the prediction of frictional pressure drop for two-phase flow in pipes is suggested which is simple and more convenient to use than other methods. To determine their reliabilities, this correlation and fourteen correlations from the literature were checked against a data bank containing 9300 measurements of frictional pressure drop for a variety of fluids and flow conditions. It was found that the best agreement between predicted and measured values was obtained using the correlation suggested by Bandel. Somewhat less but still reasonable accuracy of pressure drop prediction is provided by a group of identified correlations, which includes the correlation described in this paper.     

Voidage function in particular fluid systems

A correlation for the sedimentation velocity of suspended particles in a finite stationary fluid based on dynamic equilibrium of individual particles is presented.This correlation maybe useful over a wide range of Reynolds number and can be extended to obtain a general correlation predicting the pressure drop in fixed bed, provided that the voidage function is valid for all values of voidage.Results obtained were in good agreement with previous observations.     

Measurement of aerosol particles by dynamic light scattering-I. effects of non-Gaussian concentration fluctuation in real time photon correlation spectroscopy

Effects of non-Gaussian concentration fluctuations in real time photon correlation spectroscopy were investigated with several sizes of mono-disperse polystyrene latex particles. The non-Gaussian correlation model for a full or a quasi-full (scaled) correlator showed good performance for particle sizing in the case of scaled correlation. The clipped correlation showed an equivalent performance with the scaled correlation except for the case of non-Gaussian fluctuation, where the measured diameter became inaccurate more rapidly with decreasing particle concentration in the scattering volume. The cause of such an instability of PCS in the clipped mode is attributed to baseline fluctuations of the correlogram induced by information loss of the clipped correlator.     

A sparse PCA for nonlinear fault diagnosis and robust feature discovery of industrial processes

Pearson's correlation measure is only able to model linear dependence between random variables. Hence, conventional principal component analysis (PCA) based on Pearson's correlation measure is not suitable for application to modern industrial processes where process variables are often nonlinearly related. To address this problem, a nonparametric PCA model is proposed based on nonlinear correlation measures, including Spearman's and Kendall tau's rank correlation. These two correlation measures are also less sensitive to outliers comparing to Pearson's correlation, making the proposed PCA a robust feature extraction technique. To reveal meaningful patterns from process data, a generalized iterative deflation method is applied to the robust correlation matrix of the process data to sequentially extract a set of leading sparse pseudoeigenvectors. For online fault diagnosis, the T² and SPE statistics are computed and analyzed with respect to the subspace spanned by the extracted pseudoeigenvectors. The proposed method is applied to two industrial case studies. Its process monitoring performance is demonstrated to be superior to that of the conventional PCA and is comparable to those of Kernel PCA and kernel independent component analysis at a lower computational cost. The proposed PCA is also more robust in sparse feature extraction from contaminated process data. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1494–1513, 2016     

A new method to detect and quantify correlated alarms with occurrence delays

This paper proposes a new method to detect correlated alarms and quantify the correlation level to improve the management of industrial alarm systems. The method is mainly composed of three parts. First, a so-called occurrence delay is defined as the main cause leading to erroneous conclusions from existing methods to detect correlated alarms. In order to tolerate the presence of occurrence delays, a mechanism is presented to generate continuous-valued pseudo alarm signals. Second, a novel approach is given to estimate the correlation delay between alarm signals, so that the correlation delay can be separated from occurrence delays to obtain real occurrence delays (ROD). Third, a statistical test based on the ROD is proposed to determine whether two alarm signals are correlated or not, and the Pearson's correlation coefficient is applied to quantify the correlation level. Numerical examples and industrial case studies are provided to support the proposed method.     

含油气盆地高频层序的识别与对比

随着含油气盆地勘探和开发程度的深入,地层精细划分显得越来越重要。高频层序的识别与对比可以建立含油气盆地内高精度地层对比格架。以露头、测井、岩心和三维高分辨率地震反射资料为基础,利用高频层序的识别与对比技术进行地层对比能进一步提高储层精细评价和预测能力,从而为油气勘探和开发提供有效的指导作用。     

Improved Void Fraction Correlation for Two‐Phase Flow in Large‐Diameter Annuli

A flow pattern‐independent void fraction correlation for gas‐liquid two‐phase flow in vertical large‐diameter annuli is established. Two equations are proposed for the parameters of a drift flux model‐based correlation: the distribution parameter and the drift flux velocity. These equations are expressed as a function of two‐phase flow variables including void fraction, fluid properties, pipe geometry, and phase flow rates. Experiments were performed to study the void fraction of vertical air‐water two‐phase flow in large‐diameter annuli. The obtained experimental data along with the literature data of Caetano are used to verify the performance of the proposed void fraction correlation. The accuracy of this correlation is compared with nineteen frequently used correlations in literature. The proposed correlation was found to predict the void fraction consistently with a better accuracy.     

LIQUID PHASE BACKMIXING IN BUBBLE COLUMN REACTORS—A NEW CORRELATION

Bubble column reactors are widely used in many industrial applications due to their simplicity of operation. Although simple to operate, bubble columns are difficult to scale-up due to the uncertainties in the estimation of some non-adjustable design parameters. One of these design parameters is the liquid phase backmixing.

The present work proposes a new correlation to estimate the liquid phase backmixing in bubble column reactors. The correlation is based on principles originally developed for flow through porous media and uses experimental data obtained over a wide range of operating conditions. This correlation is simple to use and requires parameters which are easily available or can be measured on a small scale apparatus. The proposed correlation shows a significant improvement over available literature correlations and is applicable to three phase systems as well.     

紧水滩水库龙泉段水体营养化状况的调查分析

通过对紧水滩水库龙泉段水质监测结果的综合评价分析,基本掌握了紧水滩水库水体的营养化状况及其变化情况,即水库水质已有好转趋势,处于中营养水平;对叶绿素a与环境因子进行了相关分析,叶绿素a与pH、溶解氧、总氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数呈现显著的正相关关系,与水温呈偏相关,与透明度呈显著负相关关系。     

物质偏心因子的关联和应用

根据Riedel蒸汽压方程和偏心因子的定义式,导出了物质偏心因子关联式;利用新关联式计算了20类366种物质的偏心因子,将计算值平均误差与文献上各种偏心因子关联式的平均误差进行了比较;论述了以物质偏心因子作为第3参数在三参数对应态原理的应用;例举了计算实例。结果表明,本文关联式对于文献数据的总平均误差为3．728％,计算准确值优于文献关联式。     

MULTI-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHAOS BEHAVIOR IN GAS-LIQUID BUBBLE COLUMNS

The multi-value phenomenon of correlation dimension appearing in chaos analysis of time series of pressure fluctuation obtained from gas-liquid bubble columns was studied. Its relationship with multi-scale flow behavior and possible application in the identification of flow regime and regime transition in bubble columns were investigated. The results indicated that the multi-value phenomenon of correlation dimension results from the multi-scale behavior existing in the heterogeneous churn flow regime in bubble columns. When a bubble column is in the homogeneous flow regime, only one correlation dimension is found at a specified superficial gas velocity, indicating that single-scale behavior is dominant in the system. When a bubble column is in the heterogeneous churn flow regime, multi- (generally three) correlation dimensions can be obtained, showing the appearance of multi-scale behavior. Therefore, the formulation of an effective flow model depends on an appropriate multi-scale analysis for bubble columns. Flow regime and regime transition can be characterized by the structure and structure variation of the plot of the correlation integral versus radius of the hyper-sphere. On the basis of the above analysis, a complementary potential methodology called correlation integral analysis for the identification of flow regime and regime transition in gas-liquid bubble columns is recommended.