Parathyroid hormone-related protein-(1-36) is biologically active when administered subcutaneously to humans

PTH-related protein (PTHrP) is responsible for most cases of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM). It mimics the actions of PTH as a result of its structural homology with PTH and its ability to bind to and signal via the PTH/PTHrP receptor in bone and kidney. PTHrP-(1-36) appears to be one of several secretory forms of PTHrP. This peptide has been administered iv to normal volunteers previously and has been shown to produce effects that are qualitatively and quantitatively the same as those produced by PTH-(1-34). To determine whether PTHrP-(1-36) could be used sc in humans as a diagnostic reagent for elucidating the differences between HHM and hyperparathyroidism, we performed a 12-h dose-finding study examining whether sc PTHrP-(1-36) could elicit effects on mineral homeostasis. PTHrP-(1-36) administered sc in three doses (0.82, 1.64, and 3.28 micrograms/kg) to 21 normal women produced increases in circulating PTHrP-(1-36), reductions in serum phosphorus and the renal phosphorus threshold, increments in fractional calcium excretion and nephrogenous cAMP excretion, and increases in plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. These changes were highly significant in statistical terms and were observed at doses that had no effect on serum calcium or endogenous PTH. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using PTHrP-(1-36) as a diagnostic probe for future studies aimed at elucidating the differing pathophysiologies of HHM and hyperparathyroidism.     

Correction to Pritchard.

In the article, "Psychophysiology of P300," by Walter S. Pritchard (Psychological Bulletin, 1981, Vol. 89, No. 3, 506-540; see record 1981-20721-001), the sixth sentence in the second paragraph on page 506 contains an error. The corrected sentence is provided here. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On our failure to disconfirm what nobody ever said.

Responds to criticisms (e.g., C. E. Izard, see record 1981-31548-001) of the present authors' (see record 1981-00499-001) article. The present authors provide additional methodological detail demonstrating that most of the methodological criticisms are mistaken or irrelevant to the hypothesis that they intended to test. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Hypnotically induced limb anesthesia and adaptation to displacing prisms: Replication requires adherence to critical procedures.

N. P. Spanos et al (see record 1981-27289-001) reported a failure to confirm the results of an experiment on prism adaptation reported by the present authors (see record 1981-06956-001) that required Ss to adapt to a prismatically displaced environment when their adapting limb was hypnotically anesthetized. The present authors argue that the failure of Spanos et al to replicate their findings is due to their failure to duplicate the critical conditions of the experiment. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Undifferentiated pancreatic cancer associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy

We present a case of undifferentiated pancreatic cancer associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) in which parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP) is identified as the causative factor of hypercalcemia. A 61-year-old man was hospitalized with right hypochondralgia. Ultrasound examination and computed tomography demonstrated a large mass in the pancreatic head with liver metastases. Biopsy of the pancreatic tumor demonstrated undifferentiated carcinoma. Serum calcium level and PTH-rP were elevated. Bone scan with technetium-99 demonstrated no accumulation in the bones. Immunohistochemical staining for PTH-rP was weakly positive in the tumor cells. We considered that PTH-rP was the causative factor of HHM in this case from laboratory data and immunohistochemical findings. This rare case was successfully treated with pamidronate disodium, which is a type of bisphosphonate derivative. We compared this case with previously reported cases.     

A response to a comment.

Argues that R. Rianoshek's (see record 1981-05481-001) commentary fails to address itself to the basic thesis in the author's (see record 1979-28675-001) article on "Psychology and the American Ideal." This thesis is briefly reexamined. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Cognitive psychology and social change": Rejoinder.

Responds to the critiques of his original article (see record 1982-04617-001) by J. Gibbs (1981), L. H. Pelton (1981), L. S. Shaffer (1981), and M. Zuckerman (1981) and emphasizes the need for a genuine dialog about the role of psychology in society. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to Peterson and Berenbaum.

Discusses the issues raised by R. A. Peterson and S. A. Berenbaun (see record 1982-26998-001) in their critique of the present author's (see record 1981-24709-001) paper on coping strategies in psychiatric research. The focus is on identifying concurrence where possible and clarifying issues underlying disagreements. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Missing the point: A reply to Wogan and Norcross.

Replies to the critique by M. Wogan and J. C. Norcross (see record 1982-26218-001) of the author's (see record 1981-33203-001) original article concerning psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A data-based reply to Hare-Mustin on family therapy perils.

Refutes R. Hare-Mustin's (see record 1981-26292-001) contention that family therapy may not be in the best interests of individual family members by presenting a brief review of the empirical evidence. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correction to Dreger.

Reports an error in the original article by Dreger (Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Vol 90(3) Jun 1981, 242-260). On page 256, the two columns under the two middle headings in Table 6 should be interchanged. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1981-24783-001.) Describes 1st-, 2nd, and 3rd-order factor analyses of the responses of 1,278 parents to the Children's Behavioral Classification Project (CBCP) instrument. At the 1st order, 30 factors were derived, 26 of which matched factors from an earlier study with 341 Ss. At the 2nd order, 9 factors were found, and at the 3rd order, 2 forms of the well-known conduct problem and personality problem factors that could not be reduced by a 4th-order factoring were revealed. The study also demonstrated convergencies among factors derived from the CBCP instrument and the factors, syndromes, or diagnostic categories of other instruments (e.g., 16-24 DSM-III categories appear to be fair matches for the 1st- and 3rd-order factors of the CBCP). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to Bar-Hillel and Fischhoff.

Responds to M. Bar-Hillel and B. Fischhoff's (see record 1982-09792-001) paper on the present authors' (see record 1981-07963-001) study of base rates and individual predictions. It is suggested that the theoretical position that Bar-Hillel and Fischhoff advance seems plausible. However, it leads to 2 clear predictions that were not supported in the studies by Manis et al. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to Telch.

In response to M. J. Telch's (see record 1981-26281-001) criticism of the present author's (see record 1979-29008-001) paper, it is suggested that although the efficacy of certain techniques can be improved, failure to demonstrate that techniques are related to important differences in outcome may simply reflect inadequate research designs. The weight of evidence is that the effectiveness of techniques depends on their appropriateness to personal characteristics of patient and therapist, whose interactions are the major determinants of outcome. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A reply to Moshman's critique of prediction analysis and developmental priority.

Replies to D. Moshman's critique (see record 1981-27127-001) of the paper by the present authors (see record 1980-06671-001), who point out (a) the implicit logical fallacy of affirming the consequent in Moshman's argument and (b) the counterintuitive contention that statistical independence does not rule out developmental priority. (2 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Hypocalcemic effect of elcatonin in mouse models for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy

To elucidate the effect of calcitonin on humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM), we studied the effect of elcatonin, a synthetic eel calcitonin analog, on plasma calcium concentration in hypercalcemic nude mice transplanted subcutaneously with FA-6 pancreas cancer cells and hypercalcemic mice produced by continuous infusion of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP). Elcatonin proved to exert a potent hypocalcemic effect in either model for hypercalcemia. The effect reached peaks at 2 hr after its administration, and it was no longer detected at 24 hr. The dose-dependent effects of a single administration of elcatonin were studied in the FA-6 tumor-bearing mice: the hypocalcemic effect of elcatonin at 1-2 hr after administration was dose-relatedly augmented. The effect of daily administration of elcatonin was further studied in the FA-6 tumor-bearing mice: 5-Day daily administration of elcatonin was not accompanied by reduction in its hypocalcemic effect. Moreover, it was suggested that higher the efficacy of elcatonin, the higher were the plasma calcium concentrations in the tumor-bearing mice. These results indicated that elcatonin exerts an immediate hypocalcemic effect even on models for acute and severe hypercalcemia such as FA-6 tumor-bearing mice, that this hypocalcemic effect became more potent depending on their elevation of plasma calcium concentration, and that elcatonin exerts a hypocalcemic effect even on a model for hypercalcemia due to PTHrP, a presumable causative substance of HHM.     

Not sop Rejoinder to Hartley on masking by continuous noise.

Argues that the results discussed by L. R. Hartley (see record 1981-07079-001) are consistent with the composite model of E. C. Poulton (see record 1979-32826-001). Continuous noise and articulatory suppression both appear to reduce proactive interference, presumably by masking the echoic storage of the words in working memory that are carried over from the previous list. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An intended response to Danish and Smyer.

Responds to S. J. Danish and M. A. Smyer's (see record 1981-33472-001) discussion of education and credentialing in psychology (PSY). Danish and Smyer's conclusions about licensing in private practice PSY vs public practice do not consider budgetary constraints; their analysis of a proposed National Commission on Education and Credentialing in PSY is inaccurate and misleading. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

We agree: A rejoinder from Penk and Robinowitz to Sutker and Allain.

In response to P. B. Sutker and A. N. Allain (see record 1981-21988-001), the present authors (see record 1980-12694-001) assert that the issue of voluntarism in drug treatment programs will not be resolved by rhetoric but by data. Methodological implications are noted. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Emetic and Electric Shock Alcohol Aversion Therapy: Assessment of Conditioning": Correction to Cannon and Baker.

Reports an error in the original article by Dale S. Cannon and Timothy B. Baker (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1981, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 20-33). There were a number of instances in which an incorrect inequality sign was used in a statistic. The correct statistics are provided. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1981-11069-001.) 20 male alcoholic volunteers (mean age 42 yrs) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: emetic aversion conditioning, shock aversion conditioning, or a no-treatment control group. All Ss participated in psychophysiological assessment sessions and taste-test sessions before and after conditioning. Dependent measures all indicated that only emetic Ss acquired aversions to alcohol. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Good news, bad news makes excellent time while being lost.

Contends that M. Bobele and L. Winderman's (1981) criticisms of the present author's (see record 1981-26926-001) application of general systems theory in actual day-to-day clinical service are based on badly drawn inferences and misreading. (4 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)