惯性约束聚变靶材中间体氘代乙醛的合成与表征

氘代乙醛（ＣＤ３ＣＤＯ）是合成惯性约束聚变（ＩＣＦ）固体靶材料氘代聚苯乙烯（ＤＰＳ）的重要中间体之一。以电石（ＣａＣ２）及重水（Ｄ２Ｏ）为原料,经多步液－固,气－液化学反应,合成氘经达９９．２％,的氘代乙醛,介绍了氘代乙醛的合成工艺及其氘代率的表征方法,并对主要合成工艺参数等进行了探讨。     

氟利昂CHF数据对压水堆工况下LUT-2006过冷CHF预测能力的评估

以R-134a为模化工质,在内径为8 mm的圆管中进行了临界热流密度（CHF）实验研究。讨论了R-134a的CHF参数变化趋势,评价了Katto的流体模化方法。结果表明,CHF仅受局部参数影响,长径比的影响可以忽略。R-134a的CHF参数趋势与典型水的CHF参数趋势相似。Katto的模化方法在低临界含气率甚至是负临界含气率下都有很高的精度。将R-134a的CHF实验数据通过模化方法转换成等效水数据,并与CHF查询表（LUT）-2006进行了比较。评价结果表明,即使在几乎没有过冷CHF数据的压水堆工况,LUT-2006仍具有很高的预测精度。      

反应堆退役废物中氚含量的测定方法研究

本文介绍了反应堆退役废物如不锈钢、碳钢锈垢、合金铝和水池底泥固体样品介质中氚含量的测定方法。建立了高温加湿解析、催化氧化、鼓泡器收集的分析方法，并对该方法中有关参数的确定及测量结果的准确性进行了讨论。     

核级304L不锈钢钎焊接头组织及耐腐蚀性能研究

核级304L不锈钢与BNi 7钎料真空钎焊接头存在晶间腐蚀行为,但工艺与钎缝耐腐蚀性能的关系尚未得到充分研究。为充分评估压水堆燃料组件结构件中不锈钢真空钎焊接头的晶间腐蚀和应力腐蚀敏感性,降低腐蚀失效风险,采用定量金相方法分析了钎缝中的化合物相含量,采用硫酸 硫酸铁法和双环动电位再活化（DL EPR）法评价了钎缝耐晶间腐蚀性能,并采用高温高压水应力腐蚀裂纹扩展试验评价了钎缝的耐应力腐蚀性能。结果表明,钎缝中化合物相含量越高,耐晶间腐蚀性能越好。且钎缝在高温高压水中存在明显的应力腐蚀开裂行为,但其与钎焊工艺的关系尚需进一步试验研究。     

Thermodynamics of interacting continua with surfaces and creep analysis of concrete structures

Creep, shrinkage and delayed thermal dilatations of concrete have source mainly in the interaction with water of the internal surfaces of solids in the cement paste microstructure. This interaction is believed to consist in changes of thickness or mass content of mono- and multimolecular adsorbed water layers confined between two solid adsorbent surfaces. These changes are brought by diffusion of water and other molecules along the layers. In the present paper a consistent formulation of the above mechanism based on surface thermodynamics is presented and the isotropic macroscopic stress-strain relations are derived. These relations indicate the form of the dependence of material parameters on pore humidity and temperature, and restrict considerably the number of possible forms of constitutive equation that would have to be assumed on a purely phenomenological basis if the material were regarded as general interacting continua in which strains are general functionals of the history of water content and temperature. A viscoelastic material with time-dependent properties is obtained as the special case for constant humidity and temperature. A suitable, numerically stable algorithm of step-by-step time integration of stress and strain problems is also presented. Analysis of experimental data aimed at numerical determination of the material parameters is presently in progress at Northwestern University.     

A new method for detecting pressure tube failures in Indian PHWRs

For the annulus gas system (AGS) of the standardised Indian pressurised heavy water reactor, an elaborate pressure tube (PT) crack monitoring and detection system is envisaged to ensure safety through leak-before-break. The parameters that are monitored relate to the detection of D₂O moisture leaking in from the primary heat transport (PHT) system through a cracked PT. Since a slow build-up of moisture in the AGS may also occur for reasons other than PT failure, it is desirable that a diverse measurement technique should be available. This paper suggests such a technique, based on the observation that a small reference concentration of fission gases is normally present in the annulus gas. This concentration would change sharply upon PT failure, when the heavy water from the leaking PHT system releases the dissolved fission gas content into the annulus. This paper presents a theoretical study of the parameters that influence the build-up of fission product noble gases in the AGS and shows that leakage rates as low as 10 g h⁻¹ from a PT crack can be detected in a few tens of minutes by this method. This is expected to substantially increase the available time between the leak detection and the PT failure, thus serving as an important tool in meeting the leak-before-break criterion of a critical component in PHWRs.     

Experimental determination and numerical simulation of the permeability of cementitious materials

Safety analysis of a repository requires a detailed numerical study of the coupled transport processes of gas and water in the repository. Experimental studies were carried out to measure the transport parameters of different types of normal concrete. The capillary pressure curve, the gas and the water permeabilities were determined in separate experiments. Especially the influence of the water content of the samples was under investigation. Additionally coupled gas and water flow experiments were carried out and numerically simulated with the measured transport parameters. With the relative permeability curve and the experimental determined pore size distribution it is possible to describe the coupled transport of gas and water through specimens.     

The effect of a changing fuel solution composition on a transient in a fissile solution

This paper presents an extension to a point kinetics model of fissile solution undergoing a transient through the development and addition of correlations which describe neutronics and thermal parameters and physical models. These correlations allow relevant parameters to be modelled as a function of time as the composition of the solution changes over time due to the addition of material and the evaporation of water from the surface of the solution. This allows the simulation of two scenarios. In the first scenario a critical system eventually becomes subcritical through under-moderation as its water content evaporates. In the second scenario an under-moderated system becomes critical as water is added before becoming subcritical as it becomes over-moderated. The models and correlations used in this paper are relatively idealised and are limited to a particular geometry and fissile solution composition. However, the results produced appear physically plausible and demonstrate that simulation of these processes are important to the long term development of transients in fissile solutions and provide a qualitative indication of the types of behaviour that may result in such situations.     

煤样射气系数的测定及其影响因素的探讨

介绍了煤样氡射气系数测量方法,应用该方法测量了全国不同地区多个煤样的氡射气系数。根据测量结果分析了镭-226比活度、煤样粒径、样品含水率等因素对氡射气系数的影响,研究结果表明:氡的射气系数与煤样中镭-226比活度没有相关性;但与样品的粒径有关,且随粒径减小而增大;样品含水率对测量结果有明显影响,当样品含水率5%时,氡的射气系数随着含水率的增加而增加,当样品含水率5%时呈下降趋势。     

水分配围堰的水膜流动特性数值模拟

设置一定数量的水分配围堰V型出水口可保证安全壳外壁的水膜覆盖率,有助于事故后壳内热量排出。本文探讨了一种适用于水膜流动特性的CFD分析方法,该方法经理论及试验验证,具有较高的精度。研究得到:随着单V型出水口入口流量增大,水膜稳定宽度线性增长,平均水膜厚度变化不大;V型出水口角度对水膜稳定宽度及水膜厚度不敏感;工程上可合理选择出水口的数量以使系统最优化。