Study of porosity tendency in the Cr-Ni austenitic weld based on inclusion’s characteristic in the droplet

0　IntroductionInthecoatingmaterialofstainlesssteelcoveredelec trodewiththeslagsystemofTiO2 SiO2 CaOwhichisexten sivelyapplicated ,thoseorepowderssuchasrutileandfeldsparhaveimportanteffectontheformationofnonmetallicinclusionintheweldmetalbesidestheirfunctionofslagfor mationandarcstabilization .Thequantityandcompositionofinclusionmainlyliesontheconditionofoxidationandreduc tivereactionsinthereactionprocessofweldingmetallurgy.Generallyspeaking ,thenonmetallicinclusionsintheweldmetalhaveserio…     

Creep properties of austenitic stainless-steel weld metals

The creep behavior of two austeitic stainless-steel weld metals was investigated. Two AISI 316L stainless-steel base plates were welded together using the submerged arc-welding process. Creep tests were carried out on the welds at constant load, over a stress range of 100 to 400 MPa, and in the temperature range of 600 to 700 °C. The relationships between stress and minimum secondary creep rate at a constant temperature were obtained with Norton’s law. The results showed that AISI 347 weld metal presented a higher creep resistance with lower values of the minimum strain rate, and, consequently, it exhibited a longer life before rupture than AISI 316L weld metal. However, this weld metal showed a lower ductility value than AISI 316L weld metal. The weld-metal microstructure survey, performed before and after the creep testing, has shown different amounts of delta ferrite, which was strongly dependent on time, temperature, and stress level.     

基于均匀设计方法研究不锈钢焊条的焊缝成形

基于均匀设计的方法研究了不锈钢焊条的焊缝成形。通过数理统计给出了10种药皮材料及其交互作用对应于因变量焊缝成形的数学模型；也给出了每种药皮材料影响焊缝成形的趋势图。数学模型揭示出药皮材料对焊缝成形复杂影响的内在规律：①全部药皮材料对焊缝成形都有影响，但大部分为交互作用；②冰晶石X1、钛白粉X6的影响作用为平方项；③萤石X5对焊缝成形的影响为负相关，但它与云母 白土子X6的交互作用对焊缝成形的影响则为正相关。在趋势图上可以直观地看到各材料在不同的含量区间会对焊缝成形有不同的相关性影响：当电解锰含量X3分档次自低向高变化时，焊缝成形Y与钛铁X4的关系先是呈负相关而后转为正相关，而焊缝成形Y与白泥X7的关系先是呈正相关而后转为负相关。     

大理石、萤石对不锈钢焊条熔滴过渡及熔滴中夹杂物的影响

采用水中收集熔滴、光学显微分析、电子扫描能谱分析、计算机图像分析及平板堆焊等试验方法，分别研究了大理石、萤石对不锈钢焊条熔熵过渡行为，以及它们对熔滴中非金属夹杂物及焊缝中气孔的影响。结果表明焊缝和熔滴中的非金属夹杂物呈圆球形，它们是熔滴反应区化学反应的产物，属“内生”性质；药皮中大理石含量增大时，熔滴尺寸与熔滴中夹杂物含量的波动变化存在对应关系，焊条工艺性变差，焊缝中气孔敏感性未减小；药皮中氟化稀土和萤石比值增大，熔滴细化，熔滴中夹杂物含量增大，焊条工艺性能有所改善，焊缝中气孔倾向未减小。     

奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属的电化学腐蚀性能

采用PASTAT30型恒电位仪测试了SUS 316奥氏体不锈钢钨极氩弧焊TIG,熔化极氩弧焊MIG和钨极氩弧焊加填丝TIG M焊缝金属的电化学腐蚀性能.结果表明,在质量分数9.8%H2SO4溶液中,母材及焊缝的抗电化学腐蚀能力由大到小的顺序为母材＞TIG M焊缝＞MIG焊缝＞TIG焊缝,在质量分数5.0%HCl溶液中为母材＞MIG焊缝＞TIG M焊缝＞TIG焊缝,由此可知TIG焊缝金属的抗腐蚀能力最弱.由Tafel曲线可知,SUS316奥氏体不锈钢在H2SO4溶液中的钝化区间较长,在HCl溶液中的钝化区间很短暂,所以不锈钢在盐酸溶液比硫酸溶液中抗腐蚀性能差.晶间腐蚀试验结果与9.8%H2SO4溶液中电化学腐蚀试验结果相同.     

Effect of pulse M-Arc frequency on Tri-Arc DE droplet transfer and weld forming

In view of the unstable welding process of Tri-Arc DE, surfacing test with Q235 steel plate was completed with the help of the self-built high-speed camera and waveform synchronous acquisition system using the Tri-Arc DE technology. The effects of pulsed M-Arc frequency on Tri-Arc DE droplet transfer and weld formation were analyzed. The results show that while the gradual increase of pulse frequency, the droplet transfer frequency gradually decreases, which is followed by several drops per pulse, one drop per pulse, and one drop within several pulses. The most ideal transfer form is one drop per pulse, of which the welding process is the most stable, and the quality of weld formation is the most satisfied.     

温度对Super304H焊缝金属再热裂纹敏感性的影响

Super304H奥氏体不锈钢是超超临界火电机组中过热器与再热器管的重要材料,在高温长期服役条件下,管道焊接接头的装配处易产生再热裂纹。本文使用预压缩CT试样的方法系统的研究了温度对Super304H奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属再热裂纹敏感性的影响。结果表明,650 ℃试验温度下的焊缝金属产生裂纹所需的时间比600 ℃试验温度下的焊缝金属所需要的时间更短,具有更高的再热裂纹敏感性。导致该现象的主要原因在于650 ℃试验温度下晶界强度随时间衰减更快,应力松弛速率更高,而不同温度下晶内强化差异带来的影响较小。     

Effects of chemical compositions and microstructure on hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel weld metal in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen environment

The effect of chemical compositions and microstructures on hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel weld metals in high-pressure hydrogen gas was surveyed by using the slow strain rate test (SSRT). As a result, hydrogen embrittlement of the weld metal was hardly influenced by δ ferrite in the weld metal, but by stability of austenite phase, which was estimated by Md30 value or Ni equivalent. In the weld metal with poor stability of austenite, α′-martensite was formed near a crack induced by SSRT. In addition, although the crystal structure of α′-martensite is as same as δ ferrite, susceptibility of hydrogen embrittlement became higher with the increase in α′-martensite. The mechanism to explain the difference between δ ferrite and α′-martensite was considered as following. The hardness, which increases the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility in bcc structure, is higher in α′-martensite than in δ ferrite. In addition, α′-martensite might be formed continuously with propagation of a crack. Therefore, the effect of α′-martensite on hydrogen embrittlement could be larger compared with δ ferrite.     

残余应力对Super304H焊缝金属再热裂纹敏感性的影响

采用预压缩CT试样的方法研究了残余应力对Super304H奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属再热裂纹敏感性的影响。通过ABAQUS模拟结合EBSD表征分析了不同残余应力下的焊缝金属的塑性应变分布和位错密度分布,并从残余应力诱导焊缝金属晶内析出相的方面解释了残余应力对焊缝金属再热裂纹敏感性的影响。结果表明：高预压缩载荷的CT试样具有更高的残余应力,更容易产生再热裂纹。随着残余应力的增加,焊缝金属拉伸试样的抗拉强度逐渐降低。焊缝金属CT试样靠近U型口的高残余应力区域具有更高的位错密度和更高比例的亚晶,促进了晶内小颗粒相的析出,使得晶内硬化更为严重,再热裂纹更容易产生。     

The effect of solidification behaviour of austenitic stainless steel on the solidification cracking susceptibility

0Introduction Oneofthemainproblemsinweldingausteniticstain lesssteelsishotcracking[1,2].Inweldingofsingle phase austeniticstainlesssteels,thetendencyofhotcrackingis moreserious[3].Inordertopreventhotcrackingofthis kindofmaterial,itwasattemptedtogaintwo p…     

脉冲TCGMAW电流占空比对熔滴过渡和焊缝成形的影响

基于建立的熔滴过渡高速摄像分析系统,对高速脉冲TCGMAW在脉冲电流占空比变化下的熔滴过渡过程进行观察分析,并就脉冲电流占空比变化对熔滴过渡和焊缝成形质量的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明,在所用焊接规范下,当脉冲电流占空比较小时,焊丝熔化速度不能与送丝速度匹配,熔滴过渡方式表现为短路过渡形式,焊缝成形较差,甚至出现断弧、焊不起来的情况;随着脉冲电流占空比的提高,焊丝熔化能量加大,熔滴过渡方式逐渐过渡到射滴过渡和射流过渡,电弧电压的波动范围变小,焊缝成形良好。     

基于双面阵探头的厚壁奥氏体不锈钢对接焊缝的相控阵超声检测

焊缝奥氏体组织具有晶粒粗大和各向异性等特点,线阵相控阵、常规超声和射线检测技术均存在一定的局限性和不足.基于DMA(双面阵)相控阵探头,采用以色列ISONIC 2009型相控阵检测仪器,对NB/T 47013.3-2015附录I中的3号对比试块进行了B扫和C扫成像,并对40 mm厚的模拟试块进行了检测比对分析,结果表明...     

脉动送丝MIG焊的熔滴过渡及焊缝成形分析

文中在等速送丝MIG焊基础上,搭建了脉动送丝MIG焊系统,利用焊接电流电压信号采集系统以及高速摄像等设备对焊接过程进行检测,研究了脉动送丝对MIG焊熔滴过渡及焊缝成形的影响.结果表明试验发现,脉动送丝条件下熔滴所受轴向机械力是影响熔滴过渡形式的关键因素.在相同的脉动送丝频率下,脉动送丝速度基值与峰值时熔滴过渡形式有所差异;随着脉动送丝频率的改变,熔滴过渡形式也会发生变化;相比于等速送丝,脉动送丝条件下形成的焊缝熔宽更宽,且随着脉动送丝频率的增加,熔宽逐渐增大.     

不锈钢焊条熔滴过渡及其影响因素研究

采用水中收集熔滴、平板堆焊、高速摄影等试验方法,研究了典型不锈钢要熔滴过渡特性及其影响因素。结果表明,熔滴过渡指数为优化值时,焊条熔滴呈渣壁过渡形态,焊条的综合工艺性最佳;药皮中的ＳｉＯ２细化熔滴作用最强,增大药皮厚度和焊接电流均使熔滴细化,但受焊条工艺性制约;熔滴反应区的渗Ｓｉ反应亦有利于细化熔滴,但受焊缝最高含Ｓｉ量的限制;焊接熔渣的碱度、组成物及含量对熔滴过渡特性亦有一定的影响,提出了“焊条     

SAF2507超级双相不锈钢CMT+P熔滴过渡特性

采用焊接电信号采集系统与高速摄像系统对SAF2507超级双相不锈钢CMT + P(冷金属过渡 + 脉冲)熔滴过渡过程进行观测研究. 分析了CMT与CMT + P过程在不同送丝速度WFS下的熔滴过渡行为、波形变化机理与能量输入特征,揭示了CMT + P熔滴过渡特性. 结果表明:CMT + P实际波形图与理论上有多处不同;熔滴形状与尺寸、过渡形式、熔池的波动状态、焊丝端部到工件的距离及飞溅等都能影响电压的波动,电压波形图可以用来指导分析熔滴过渡行为;脉冲阶段对热输入起主要影响作用,调节脉冲峰值电流、脉冲基值电流、脉冲个数,可实现热输入的控制.     

Influence of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and properties of AISI304 austenitic stainless steel A-TIG weld

Appropriate deep cryogenic treatment can improve comprehensive mechanical properties of the AISI304 austenitic stainless steel activating flux tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welds. The microstructure of the welds before and after deep cryogenic treatment was all austenite with a small amount of δ-ferrite. The vermiform ferrite + austenite distributed in the whole weld, but the lath-shaped ferrite + austenite mixed components only distributed in the centre of the weld. The phases in the two welds were all Cr–Ni–Fe–C and Fe–Ni solid solutions, ferric carbide (i.e. Fe₃C) and chromic carbides (i.e. Cr₂₃C₆ and Cr₇C₃). After deep cryogenic treatment, the grain size of the weld was decreased a certain of degree, and the carbide phase content was increased. The strength and micro-hardness of the weld joints were increased due to the grain refinement. The intergranular corrosion resistance of the weld was reduced because the precipitation of chromium carbides at the austenite grain boundary.     

焊缝金属对SUPER 304H奥氏体耐热钢焊接性的影响

综述了焊缝金属对SUPER 304H钢焊接性的影响.结果表明,SUPER 304H钢不同成分GTAW奥氏体焊缝的热裂纹倾向较大;焊缝中凝固裂纹倾向主要是受A凝固模式控制,而HAZ液化裂纹倾向的主要原因则与晶界析出相,以及铜的富集等因素有关.不同成分奥氏体焊缝接头的力学性能各异;合适的焊缝化学成分和优化的焊接工艺是获得满...     

Droplet transfer behavior of the stainless steel coated electrode with double-layer coating

0　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＥ30 8 16ｔｙｐｅｃｏａｔｅｄｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｄｅｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｓｔｕｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｓｔａｉｎｌｅｓｓｓｔｅｅｌｃｏａｔｅｄｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｄｅ .Ａｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ,ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｕｓａｂｉｌｉｔｙｑｕａｌｉｔｙｏｆｔ     

GMAW熔滴过渡过程稳定性自相关分析

检测了熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW)中焊接电流和电弧电压大小等参数特征,利用数字信号分析与处理中的时域自相关特性原理,分析GMAW熔滴过渡过程的稳定性与参数关系,判断焊接电流和电压是否具有周期性.阐述焊接电弧系统中,电流自身、电压自身及电流和电压相互的变化存在相互关联,并对焊接电流和电压信号进行自相关分析,获得信号时域的周期和方差等特征信息,直观地反映出弧焊过程与熔滴过渡过程的稳定性.     

不锈钢焊条的渗硅、气孔问题及其对策

讨论了不锈钢焊条焊缝金属中的渗硅、气孔相关问题,提出了相应对策。结果表明,不锈钢焊条存在焊缝渗硅问题,熔池中较多量的si阻碍气体逸出,极易产生气孔,si还使焊缝组织产生脆化倾向。当采用含si量（0．4％～0．6％）较高的不锈钢焊芯时,可以通过增大熔渣碱度的方法;当采用含si量≤0．2％的低si不锈钢焊芯时,无须再增大熔渣的碱度,即可有效控制焊缝增硅。当焊缝中气泡的上浮速度小于或等于焊缝的凝固速度时,就可能残留在焊缝中形成气孔。以减小焊缝中气孔倾向为目标的控制方法,思路有别,有的已被生产应用,收到较好效果。