化学镀非Ni—P／Ni—Mo—P合金形成机理

通过对镀液中加入Na2MO4的化学沉积法对酸性Ni-Mo-P/Ni-P双层化学镀的工艺进行了实验研究，通过一系列实验，确定了用连续施镀法制备此多元合金镀层的工艺，通过对镀层的成分与结构关系及镀层成分与工艺参数关系的实验研究，从热力学角度提出了非晶态双层镀镀层合金膜材的形成机理。     

Ni-Mo-P基复合镀及表面高分子涂敷耐蚀性能研究

对不同热处理温度与Ni-Mo-P、Ni-Mo-P／Al2O3及Ni-Mo-P／PPS合金镀层的耐蚀性的影响进行了对比；并对Ni-Mo-P／PPS镀层进行表面复合涂敷，观察了涂敷层的截面的形貌并测定其耐蚀性。结果表明，Ni-Mo-P／PPS镀层具有良好的耐蚀性，在85℃的腐蚀速率为Ni-Mo-P镀层的1／3；与化学镀层相比，复合涂敷层具有极其良好的耐蚀性，涂敷层与镀层之间结合致密、无间隙。     

Na_2MoO_4添加量对Ni-Mo-P合金镀层微观组织及耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用化学镀技术在镁合金基体表面制备了Ni-Mo-P合金镀层,研究了Na_2MoO_4添加量对Ni-Mo-P镀层的微观组织、成分及耐蚀性的影响。利用扫描电镜观察了Ni-Mo-P镀层的表面和截面形貌,借助电化学工作站测试了Ni-Mo-P镀层在3.5wt%NaCl溶液中的极化曲线及阻抗谱。结果表明:Ni-Mo-P合金镀层表面形貌为胞状结构,当Na_2MoO_4添加量为0.5 g/L时,Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的胞状结构更细小,组织更紧密。0.5 g/L Na_2MoO_4添加量获得的Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的自腐蚀电位最正,为-0.8273 V,自腐蚀电流最小,为2.3041×10~(-6)A/cm~2,容抗弧半径达到最大,耐蚀性最佳。     

化学镀 Ni-Mo-P 合金镀层的组织结构与防垢性能研究

目的采用材料测试方法和防垢实验,研究不同工艺条件下的化学镀Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的组织结构与防垢性能。方法在化学镀Ni-P镀层基底上,添加含有钼酸根离子杂多酸盐,在不同工艺条件下化学沉积Ni-Mo-P合金镀层,研究化学镀Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的表面形貌和组织结构,分析镀液中硼酸含量和钼酸铵含量对镀层沉积速率的影响,观测镀层在结垢实验后的表面形貌并分析结垢速率。通过SEM,XRD和EDS对化学镀Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的表面形貌和组织结构进行检测,研究在酸性镀液中硼酸含量对化学镀Ni-Mo-P工艺条件的影响。采用防垢实验测试化学镀Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的防垢性能。结果在化学镀Ni-Mo-P过程中,钼酸根离子杂多酸盐具有稳定作用。化学镀Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的化学沉积镀液的最佳工艺条件为:Ni SO4·6H_2O 16.5 g/L,Na H_2PO_2·H_2O 20 g/L,钼酸钠0.5~0.8 g/L,硼酸2 g/L,乙酸钠7.5 g/L。化学镀Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的结垢速率明显低于化学镀Ni-P镀层,具有良好的防垢能力,形成了非晶态的镀层。结论采用化学镀Ni-P镀层基底上沉积得到非晶态的Ni-Mo-P合金镀层,硼酸具有调节镀液p H值和络合作用,非晶态的Ni-Mo-P合金镀层平均结垢速率最小值为0.58μm/h,具有良好的阻垢能力。     

电沉积Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的组织结构与耐蚀性

用扫描电镜、透射电镜和失重法研究了电沉积Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的表面形貌、组织结构和耐蚀性能。结果表明，Ni-Mo-P合金的非晶态镀层，经过不同温度热处理后，镀层结构以非晶态→混晶态→结晶态的顺序变化，镀层的硬度和耐蚀性也因此发生了相应的变化。     

化学镀镍基复合膜耐蚀性能研究

对热处理温度的变化及Ni-P、Ni-Mo-P、Ni-Mo-P／Al2O3及Ni-Mo-P／PPS合金镀层的显微硬度及耐蚀性能影响进行了研究。结果表明,Ni-Mo-P／Al2O3的显微硬度远高于其他三种镀层;Ni-Mo-P／PPS具有良好的耐蚀性能,在85℃的10％H2SO4溶液中,其腐蚀速率约是Ni～Mo-P的三分之一。     

电沉积Ni-Mo-P的工艺与性能研究

采用适宜的溶液组成和工艺条件，能够得到银白色，非晶态Ni-Mo-P合金镀层，研究了不同的工艺条件对镀速和镀层质量的影响，检测了镀层的耐蚀性和显微硬度，得到一些重要结果。     

化学镀制备Ni—Sn—Cu—P合金非晶形成能力

首次用化学镀方法制备了四元Ｎｉ－Ｓｎ－Ｃｕ－Ｐ合金镀层,用Ｘ光衍射及扫描电镜对合金镀层形貌和结构进行了测定,确定了不同工艺条件下的非晶合金形成区。用张邦维提出的非晶合金形成理论对Ｎｉ－Ｓｎ－Ｃｕ－Ｐ合金非晶形成能力及合金元素在非晶形成中的作用与机理进行了研究。     

化学复合镀Ni-Mo-P/CeO2镀层结构与摩擦学性能研究

为研究CeO2稀土添加对Ni-Mo-P化学镀层结构及性能的影响,采用化学复合镀技术,在GH4169镍基高温合金表面制备Ni-Mo-P镀层、Ni-Mo-P/CeO2复合镀层,并对其进行400℃热处理。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）对镀层组织结构、元素组成、相结构进行分析。采用显微硬度计、纳米压痕仪、球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机、三维表面轮廓仪对镀层力学性能和摩擦学性能进行分析。结果表明:Ni-Mo-P镀层分布有典型的球状结构,为纳米晶和非晶混合的混晶态结构,结晶化程度只有16%。加入CeO2颗粒后Ni-Mo-P/CeO2复合镀层内分布有孔洞,镀层粗糙度增加,镀层结晶化程度提高至51%。400℃热处理后镀层内析出纳米晶Ni3P相,镀层结晶度增大,镀层内孔洞消失,组织致密度获得改善。添加CeO2颗粒使镀层的硬度有所降低,热处理可明显提高镀层的硬度;热处理后Ni-Mo-P镀层硬度从镀态的645HV上升至1378HV,Ni-Mo-P/CeO2复合镀层硬度由镀态的546HV提高至1141HV。400℃热处理可以明显提高镀层的耐磨性能;CeO2颗粒的添加提高了镀层的韧性,抑制了磨损过程中裂纹的产生,使得复合镀层具有优良的耐磨性能。     

化学沉积 Ni-Mo-P 和 Ni-P 镀层退火晶化组织及耐蚀性

目的研究化学沉积Ni-4.11%Mo-6.50%P和Ni-9.19%P合金镀层退火晶化转变特征,通过定量表征镀层的晶化程度、晶粒尺寸及结晶相的质量分数,建立显微组织与耐蚀性的关联。方法采用XRD衍射技术和Jade软件分析,定量表征镀层的晶化组织特征,由SEM/EDS测试确定镀层的成分及表面形貌,通过浸泡腐蚀实验及金相显微观察,对比两种镀层的耐蚀性。结果 Ni-Mo-P镀层在低于400℃退火时,只有Ni相结晶;在≥400℃退火时,发生Ni3P晶化反应,同时伴有Ni-Mo固溶体的形成,600℃时的晶化程度为88.13%。相比之下,Ni-P镀层中Ni3P相开始析出的温度降至300℃,600℃时的晶化程度达到91%。在相同温度进行热处理时,Ni-Mo-P镀层晶粒尺寸小于Ni-P镀层。在发生Ni3P晶化反应的温度下,两种镀层中Ni3P的晶粒尺寸总是大于Ni相。在0.5 mol/L的H2SO4中,对于Ni-Mo-P镀层,除300℃外,其他温度下的热处理均能显著改善其耐蚀性;而对于Ni-P镀层,镀态下具有最好的耐蚀性能。在10%的HCl溶液中,退火温度为600℃时,Ni-Mo-P镀层的耐点蚀性能更好;而Ni-P合金则相反,镀态及低温200℃退火后的耐点蚀性能最好。结论 Mo的共沉积提高了Ni-Mo-P镀层Ni3P的析出温度,降低了镀层的晶化程度及晶粒尺寸;与Ni-P镀层相比,高温退火的Ni-Mo-P镀层表现出了优异的耐点蚀性能,但耐硫酸均匀腐蚀的性能较差。     

喷焊材料对OCr13Ni4Mo钢表面强化的影响

选用自熔合金粉末Ni60和Ni25B,采用氧－乙炔喷焊技术对0Cr13N4M钢的表面进行强化处理,并对喷焊层的组织、结合强度、硬度及耐磨性进行了研究,结果表明：两种粉末的喷焊层均与基体0Cr13Ni4Mo钢有良好的结合强度;喷焊层的硬度、抗磨损性均高于基体。     

The structure and properties of electroless Ni–Mo–Cr–P coatings on copper alloy

In the present study, the quaternary Ni–Mo–Cr–P alloy coatings were deposited on copper alloy by an electroless deposition process. Crystallization behavior and the effect of heat‐treatment on hardness and corrosion resistance of Ni–Mo–Cr–P deposits were detailedly investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that as‐deposited Ni–Mo–Cr–P coatings are Ni–Mo–Cr–P solid solution and mixed crystal structure; the trend of microcrystallinity increases with the introduction of additional types of metal element; Ni–Mo–Cr–P alloy coatings start to occur in the crystallization with the heat‐treatment temperature increasing. With an increase in the annealing temperature, the hardness improves and reaches the maximum value at 500 °C. Further, it is found that Ni–Mo–Cr–P coatings have superior corrosion resistance than Ni–P and Ni–Mo–P deposits after the analysis of electrochemical measurements. Moreover, corrosion resistance increases before annealed at 400 °C, but heat‐treatment at higher temperatures has a negative effect on the corrosion resistance of Ni–Mo–Cr–P alloy coatings.     

Evaluation of residual stress and corrosion behaviour of electroless plated Ni−P/Ni−Mo−P coatings

Single Ni?P and Ni?Mo?P coatings as well as duplex Ni?P/Ni?Mo?P coatings with the same compositions were prepared by electroless plating. The residual stresses of the coatings on the surface and cross sections were measured by nanoindentation and AFM analysis, and the corrosion behaviour of the coatings in 10% HCl solution was evaluated by electrochemical methods, to establish the correlation between the residual stresses and corrosion behaviour of the coatings. The results showed that the single Ni?P and duplex Ni?P/Ni?Mo?P coatings presented residual compressive stresses of 241 and 206 MPa respectively, while the single Ni?Mo?P coating exhibited a residual tensile stress of 257 MPa. The residual compressive stress impeded the growth of the pre-existing porosity in the coatings, protecting the integrity of the coating. The duplex Ni?P/Ni?Mo?P coatings had better corrosion resistance than their respective single coating. In addition, the stress states affect the corrosive form of coatings.     

化学镀非晶Ni-P/Ni-Mo-P合金形成机理

通过在镀液中加入Na2 MO4的化学沉积法对酸性Ni Mo P/Ni P双层化学镀的工艺进行了实验研究。通过一系列实验 ,确定了用连续施镀法制备此多元合金镀层的工艺。通过对镀层的成分与结构关系及镀层成分与工艺参数关系的实验研究 ,从热力学角度提出了非晶态双层镀镀层合金膜材的形成机理。     

Nanocrystalline electroless nickel poly-alloy deposition: incorporation of W and Mo

Autocatalytic quaternary Ni–W–Mo–P films were prepared using alkaline citrate based baths and compared with binary Ni–P and ternary Ni–W–P, Ni–Mo–P coatings. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that the binary Ni–P deposit contained 12·2 wt-%P. Codeposition of tungsten in Ni–P matrix resulted in ternary Ni–W–P with 4·1 wt-%P and 5·2 wt-%W. Incorporation of molybdenum led to a ternary Ni–Mo–P deposit containing 4·1 wt-%Mo and 11·2 wt-%P. Presence of both sodium tungstate and sodium molybdate in the basic bath resulted in a quaternary coating with 3·6 wt-%W, 6·7 wt-%Mo and 2·5 wt-%P. X-ray diffraction patterns of all the deposits revealed a single peak for Ni (1 1 1). The quaternary alloy exhibited a sharper peak showing the more crystalline nature of the deposit. Field emission scanning electron microscopy studies of the deposits showed the presence of smooth nodules for ternary deposits, but coarse and well defined nodules for quaternary deposits. Phase transformation behaviour of the ternary Ni–W–P deposit revealed a single exothermic peak at 440°C. However, ternary Ni–Mo–P deposit exhibited a split type high temperature peak at 397 and 461°C and the quaternary Ni–W–Mo–P deposit showed a single high temperature peak at 485°C. Microhardness measurements showed that the quaternary Ni–W–Mo–P deposit exhibited increased hardness of 920 HV(50 gf) when heat treated for 1 h at 400°C.     

钼对铁基合金等离子熔覆层组织及耐磨性能的影响

应用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）和磨粒磨损试验,研究了质量分数为4％的钼对等离子熔覆铁基合金涂层组织结构和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,未加钼的铁基合金熔覆层主要由面心立方结构的γ-（Ni,Ve）固溶体、正交结构的（Cr,Fe）7C3和四方结构（Cr,Fe）2B等物相构成,组织为粗大的亚共晶。4％Mo的加入,不但使熔覆层中出现了立方结构的M23C6和正交结构的Mo2C,而且增加了共晶化合物相的相对含量。添加4％Mo的熔覆层呈伪共晶特征,组织得到显著细化。4％Mo的加入所引起的新相析出和组织细化是铁基熔覆层耐磨性提高的原因。     

激光功率对激光熔覆WCP/Ni基金属陶瓷涂层的组织与磨损性能的影响

研究了3种不同功率(1．8kW、2．2kW、2．6kW)对激光熔覆WCp／Ni基金属陶瓷涂层的组织与磨损性能的影响．选择合适的激光功率(2．2kW)，可以获得WCp均匀分布并与基体合金结合良好的WCp／Ni涂层．激光熔覆过程中WC颗粒与基体合金界面间发生了扩散反应溶解，导致未熔WC颗粒周围形成了块状的富W碳化物，功率较高时更加明显．激光熔覆WCp／Ni基涂层由未熔WC颗粒，块状或枝晶状的富W碳化物，杆状的富Cr碳化物以及其间的γ枝晶固溶体及其共晶组织所组成．不同激光功率下的WCp／Ni涂层的显微硬度与耐磨性均远高于Ni60涂层，其中2．2kW功率的WCp／Ni基涂层的显微硬度最高，耐磨性最好。     

Comparative study on corrosion protection properties of electroless Ni‐P‐ZrO2 and Ni‐P coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy

Electroless Ni‐P‐ZrO₂ and Ni‐P coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy were prepared, and their corrosion protection properties were compared in this paper. The potentiodynamic curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the coated magnesium alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution showed that the corrosion performance of Ni‐P‐ZrO₂ composite coating was superior to that of Ni‐P coating. The same conclusion was obtained with salt spray and immersion tests. The corrosion morphologies of two kinds of coatings with various immersion time intervals in 3.5% NaCl solution indicated that most corrosion products concentrated on the nodules boundaries of Ni‐P coating and blocked corrosion pit was the main corrosion form. For the Ni‐P‐ZrO₂ coating, tortuous nodules boundaries were not the weak sites of the coating and corrosion initiated from the nickel phosphor alloy around the nanometer powders. Open corrosion pits occurred on the composite coating surface, and the coating was corroded gradually. Thus, the Ni‐P‐ZrO₂ coating exhibited better corrosion protection property to magnesium alloy substrate than Ni‐P coating.