基于多相正交序列的多载波DS-CDMA系统在瑞利衰落信道中的性能分析

基于Suehiro提出的一种多相正交序列构造方法,提出一种可转换为用于实际系统的多相扩频信号,给出了一种采用该扩频信号的多载波直接序列码分多址系统,分析了在瑞利衰落信道中的系统误比特性能,并对系统进行了仿真.     

非正交-码索引调制方法

针对码索引调制(Code Index Modulation, CIM)相对于直接序列扩频在提升频谱利用率时,造成误比特率性能明显下降的问题,该文提出非正交-码索引调制(Non-orthogonal-Code Index Modulation, N-CIM)。发射端信息比特分割为伪随机(Pseudo Noise, PN)码映射块和调制信息块,并分别映射为PN码的索引和调制符号,调制符号的实部与虚部再选择相同的激活的PN码进行扩频。仿真与分析结果表明,在相同频谱效率时,N-CIM的误比特率性能比CIM在加性高斯白噪声信道中当误比特率为10–5时具备约2～3 dB的优势,在瑞利衰落信道中当误比特率为10–2时具备约2 dB的优势。     

一种并行传输的时频域扩频多载波DS-CDMA系统性能分析

提出了一种并行传输的时频域扩频多载波DS-CDMA系统,它先将传输数据进行串并转换而后经过时域和频域两次扩频。在不改变传输数据速率和扩频增益的情况下,并行传输可以增大符号时间和降低码片速率,从而提高信号的抗频率选择性衰落的能力和实现低速率信号处理。采用码片匹配滤波的方式对信号进行接收,分析了高斯信道下的单用户检测性能并推导了误比特率表达式。研究表明,在此系统中串并转换比与码片速率的降低和子载波个数成正比,而与误比特率无关;不存在比特间干扰;多用户干扰只存在于同一子载波传输的不同用户的数据比特之间,且可通过采用正交时域扩频码来消除;误比特率随用户数量的增加而增加,而随每比特信噪比和扩频增益的增加而降低;在带宽受限的情况下,可通过合理设置串并装换比、时域和频域扩频增益参数来简化系统实现,满足误比特率的性能需求。     

Rician慢衰落信道下的正交循环码M元扩频系统性能分析

本文提出了一种基于正交循环码的M元扩频系统,在发端将一条原型扩频码循环移位构成M个相互正交的扩频码,实现M元扩频,而接收机利用一个时频变换域复数匹配滤波器就可实现正交循环码M元非相干解扩解调.与传统的M元扩频系统相比较,正交循环码M元扩频系统具有很低的复杂度.本文推导出该接收机在Rician慢衰落信道条件下的误比特率的计算公式,给出并分析了计算机仿真结果.     

JTIDS系统的低复杂度多进制扩频检测方法

传统多进制扩频调制使用多个相关器进行检测,每个相关器产生一个相关值,实现复杂.提出了一种使用FIR滤波器的基于扩频码段分路和延时相加的实用多进制扩频检测方法,通过FIR滤波即可产生所有相关值,实现结构简单,特别适合在使用周期移位伪随机序列的联合战术信息分发系统(JTIDS)中应用,可有效降低JTIDS系统中多进制扩频信号的检测复杂度和工程实现难度.仿真比较了优选扩频序列和Walsh正交码集的误比特率性能,获得了良好的性能结果.     

基于TPC编码的双多进制正交码扩频系统性能分析

本文以传统单正交码扩频技术为基础,提出了一种双多进制正交码扩频 4DPSK的复合调制方式,以进一步提高频谱利用率。首先给出了复合调制方案以及采用最大后验概率(MAP)准则的最佳非相干接收方法,其次提出了适合Turbo乘积码(TPC)SISO(软输入软输出)译码的软判决信息提取算法,最后测试了系统在高斯白噪声信道下的误比特性能。仿真表明该系统可以获得比传统正交扩频系统更高的抗噪声干扰能力,引入TPC编码技术后性能有较大改善。     

Hadamard扩谱及CDMA的研究

在MATLAB平台上,对直接序列扩频系统进行仿真分析.系统采用Hadamard序列作为扩频码,对系统在平坦衰落和瑞利衰落信道环境下的误码率进行分析,讨论了扩频、解扩过程.此外,还仿真比较了不同用户数和不同扩频码的系统,为分析设计直扩系统提供依据.仿真结果表明,本实验系统可在SNR为-1.6dB的传输条件下得到10-3量级的误码率,Hadamard序列可用作扩频序列,系统可用作检验各种正交码组的正交性.     

直接序列扩频分组映射码索引调制

针对直接序列扩频码索引调制发射端使用大量伪随机(PN)码的问题,提出了一种使用较少PN码的分组映射码索引调制方案.该方案在发射端并行设置多个调制子块独立进行幅相调制,同时集中选取各调制子块间同相、正交支路扩频所需的PN码,经索引值大小排序后依次扩频各调制子块中调制符号的同相、正交分量.分析和仿真结果表明,相同频谱效率条件下所提方案比直接序列扩频码索引调制方案使用的PN码个数更少,并在加性噪声信道下,信噪比高于10 dB时,保持着约1 dB的误比特率性能优势,并远优于空间调制在最优检测算法下的误比特率性能.     

多进制正交码扩频系统的解扩和同步技术及其实现

本文实现了一个Ｍ进制正交码扩频系统，它能传输２．４Ｋｂｐｓ和１６Ｋｂｐｓ两种信息速率数据并能在低信噪比条件下扩译码，文中首先讨论了该编三扩频和解扩译码的方案，其次讨论了码片采用ＭＳＫ调制时，本地载频和抽样时钟的初始相位的估计方法，然后提出承解扩译码的同时进行相位跟踪的Ｑ支路相关同步法，最后测试了系统的误比特性能。     

基于可变处理增益正交码的多速率传输

介绍一种基于可变处理增益正交码的多速率传输系统,它是在DS-CDMA系统的下行链路中引入可变处理增益正交码,从而可以保证传输不同速率数据的用户之间相互正交性,系统中移动台只需一个RAKE合并器。对在多用户和频率选择性瑞利衰落环境下的下行链路的误比特率性能进行了仿真,其结果表明系统是可行的。     

Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization Space–Time Block-Spread CDMA with Multiuser Interference-Free Detection

In this paper, we study a single carrier space–time block-spread (STBS) with frequency domain equalization combined with direct-spread code division multiple access (CDMA) which we term, SCFDE-STBS-CDMA. We propose a novel SCFDE space–time scheme for CDMA that achieves multiuser-interference free reception and performs well in both slow and fast fading frequency selective channel. The orthogonality among the users is preserved at the receiver allowing a multiuser-free MUI-free detection in slow fading channel. In fast fading channel, we proposed a MMSE detector that exploits the time diversity of the fast fading channels. In the conventional counterpart scheme proposed in the literature, the length of the spreading factor affect negatively the performance of the system when the channel is fast fading while in the proposed scheme, the spreading factor is an additional degree of freedom that do not degrade the system performance. Since the maximum number of users supported depends on the spreading factor, the proposed scheme can then maintain more users than the conventional one in fast fading channels. The bit-error rate (BER) performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed and compared with the conventional approach in the literature.     

Performance of a Modified Multicarrier Direct Sequence CDMA System

In this paper, we present an improved multicarrier direct sequence (DS) code division multiple access (CDMA) scheme by modifying the system originally proposed by Kondo and Milstein [13]. In this modified system, different spreading sequences multiplied by a data sequence modulate different carriers. This is to prevent the multiple access capability from reducing when the fading characteristics of different carrier frequencies are highly correlated. We have derived a formula which determines the mean values of the relative received signal strength in a single carrier DS CDMA rake system and in a multicarrier DS-CDMA system. We present results on the comparison of the bit error rate (BER) performance of the two systems including the effect of correlation between fading characteristics of different frequencies under various multipath fading conditions. The results indicate that with 50 users the modified multicarrier DS CDMA system can achieve an uncoded irreducible BER of 1.7 × 10^??3 with an average received signal-to-noise ratio per bit of 10 dB, which is better than 3.0 × 10^??3 achieved by the single carrier DS CDMA rake system, and also show that if multicarrier CDMA system is used with respect to single carrier CDMA system, the SNR gain is up to 4.5 dB for the uncode BER of 10^??3 being achieved.     

Performance Analysis of Space-Time Coded CDMA System Over Nakagami Fading Channels with Perfect and Imperfect CSI

In this paper, the performance of multiuser CDMA systems with different space time code schemes is investigated over Nakagami fading channel. Low-complexity multiuser receiver schemes are developed for space-time coded CDMA systems with perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI). The schemes can make full use of the complex orthogonality of space-time coding to obtain the linear decoding complexity, and thus simplify the exponential decoding complexity of the existing scheme greatly. Moreover, it can achieve almost the same performance as the existing scheme. Based on the bit error rate (BER) analysis of the systems, the theoretical calculation expressions of average BER are derived in detail for both perfect CSI and imperfect CSI, respectively. As a result, tight closed-form BER expressions are obtained for space-time coded CDMA with orthogonal spreading code, and approximate closed-form BER expressions are attained for space-time coded CDMA with quasi-orthogonal spreading code. Computer simulation for BER shows that the theoretical analysis and simulation are in good agreement. The results show that the space-time coded CDMA systems have BER performance degradation for imperfect CSI.     

ZCZ‐CDMA and OFDMA using M‐QAM for broadband wireless communications

This paper considers direct‐sequence code‐division multiple‐access with zero‐correlation zone sequences (ZCZ‐CDMA) and orthogonal frequency‐division multiple‐access (OFDMA) schemes using M‐ary QAM signaling for broadband wireless communications. Their system structures, complexities and performances in both AWGN and multipath frequency‐selective fading channels are evaluated and compared. For ZCZ‐CDMA, joint suppression of the multipath fading interference and multiple‐access interference can be achieved with a reduced family‐size of the spreading sequences. For OFDMA, analytical and simulation results indicate that it has the same performance as ZCZ‐CDMA in fast time‐varying multipath fading channels. In time‐invariant or slowly time‐varying channels, where the channel information can be made available to transmitters, OFDMA outperforms ZCZ‐CDMA, offers a higher capacity and is more flexible for system reconfiguration with a comparable computational complexity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An exact error floor for downlink MC-CDMA in correlated Rayleighfading channels

Downlink multicarrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) with maximal ratio combining (MRC) in correlated Rayleigh fading channels is considered. An exact error floor in a closed-form expression is provided based on the characteristic function (CF) and residue calculation method. Numerical results show that orthogonal spreading sequences (Walsh and orthogonal Gold sequences) perform better than nonorthogonal sequences (Gold sequences) and Walsh codes have the best performance. In addition, downlink MC-CDMA is found to benefit from the correlation between subcarriers     

Adaptive Subcarrier Allocation in Synchronous Reverse Links of a Multicarrier CDMA System with Time and Frequency Spreading

Multicarrier code-division multiple access (CDMA) with time and frequency spreading has been recently considered as a candidate for fourth-generation (4G) wireless systems. This signaling scheme simultaneously utilizes code spreading in the time and frequency domains to simultaneously improve frequency diversity and minimize multiuser access interference. As a result, it is capable of outperforming multicarrier CDMA systems that employ 1-D spreading. In this paper, a novel adaptive subcarrier allocation algorithm is developed for multicarrier CDMA with time and frequency spreading to improve the overall bit error rate (BER) performance for all spreading configurations. This algorithm assigns users to subcarrier groups that provide favorable fading characteristics while simultaneously reducing the amount of interference caused to other users. The proposed algorithm is shown to provide a performance improvement, ranging from 1.5 dB with 2times16 (time times frequency) and spreading to 7 dB with 16times2 (time times frequency) spreading. The algorithm is also shown to maintain or improve the BER floor for each spreading configuration. It is concluded that at higher and lower levels of E_b/N_o, a higher frequency- and time-domain spreading should be, respectively, employed to improve BER performance. Furthermore, the E_b/N_o threshold level to switch between time and frequency spreading for the analyzed system is found to be 2.5 dB.     

Chaotic sequences for multiple access

The use of chaotic signals as generators of binary and multilevel sequences suitable for code division multiple access (CDMA) is proposed. The number of obtained sequences is found to be greater than the number of m-sequences of the same length. These new chaotic sequences are used as spreading codes in a CDMA system. Simulation results are presented and compared with those obtained for m-sequences in terms of BER performance     

A novel transmitter design for GLSFBC–OFDM–CDMA communication systems

Relying on mutual orthogonality between subcarriers of different users in orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems and mutual orthogonality between spreading codes in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems, a novel transmitter design is proposed for group layered space–frequency block code (GLSFBC)–OFDM–CDMA communication systems over frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed method is based on a three-level design of user codes: the top level (based on OFDMA) deals with group interference and intersymbol interference (ISI), the middle level (based on space–frequency block coding) results in space–frequency diversity, and the lower level (based on CDMA) handles multiuser interference. The new approach only needs one receive antenna to distinguish multiple users and suppress group interference simultaneously, so the complexity of the receiver decreases remarkably. Simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed technique.     

Spectral efficiency of the feedback receiver for two sets of orthogonal sequences

We present the spectral efficiency analysis of the recently proposed feedback receiver for two sets of orthogonal sequences (TSOS) scheme which is capable of supporting higher number of users than the spreading gain of the DS/CDMA system. The added complexity is minimal compared to the conventional matched filter. We show that in the case of coded system, spectral efficiency of this scheme is close to that of a Gaussian multiple access channel if the incomplete group of orthogonal sequences is detected first. We also discuss the choice of orthogonal sequences that maximizes the spectral efficiency. This analysis is extended for the case of flat fading channels.     

Performance of SCHT Sequences in Asynchronous CDMA System

In this letter, the performance of a new set of spreading sequences for a direct sequence (DS) code division multiple access (CDMA) system is examined. These new sequences are derived from sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform (SCHT). Various correlation properties are presented and the performance of the new sequence is analyzed by comparing it with the other well-known existing spreading sequences, such as UCHT, WHT, Gold, small set of Kasami and m-sequences. According to the simulation results, it is shown that the SCHT sequences provide smaller mean square cross correlation values and offer better average bit error rate for an asynchronous CDMA system over the multipath fading channel.