A control scheme for a three‐phase current source inverter in utility interactive photovoltaic system

A novel PWM control scheme for a three‐phase current source inverter of a photovoltaic (PV) generation system connected to a utility is proposed. The PV‐array output power can be adjusted by controlling the modulation factor in the proposed PWM pattern. The harmonic components of the output currents can be decreased sufficiently to satisfy the requirements of the Interactive Guidelines. Furthermore, a new Maximum Power Point Tracking control is proposed. The inverter output current should be detected, and the modulation factor may be controlled so as to obtain the maximum effective current. The inverter output power can be maintained at the maximum power point despite fluctuations of panel temperatures, insolation levels, and system voltages. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 135(1): 43–55, 2001     

A three‐phase voltage‐source PWM inverter system characterized by sinusoidal output voltage with neither common‐mode voltage nor normal‐mode voltage

This paper deals with an inverter system integrating a small‐rated passive EMI filter with a three‐phase voltage‐source PWM inverter. The purpose of the EMI filter is to eliminate both common‐mode and normal‐mode voltages from the output voltage of the inverter. The motivation of this research is based on the well‐known fact that the higher the carrier or switching frequency, the smaller and the more effective the EMI filter. An experimental system consisting of a 5‐kVA inverter, a 3.7‐kW induction motor, and a specially designed passive EMI filter was constructed to verify the viability and effectiveness of the EMI filter. As a result, it is shown experimentally that both three‐phase line‐to‐line and line‐to‐neutral output voltages look purely sinusoidal as if the inverter system were an ideal variable‐voltage, variable‐frequency power supply when viewed from the motor terminals. This results in complete solution of serious issues related to common‐mode and normal‐mode voltages produced by the inverter. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(4): 88–96, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10206     

逆变电源并联的谐波环流抑制研究

在逆变器系统中,滤波电感对死区等因素造成的波形畸变能够有效地抑制.对于大功率的逆变器,当滤波电感及并机电抗都很小时,死区等因素可引起很大的谐波环流.研究了逆变器的基本原理,描述了谐波扰动的双环控制模型,介绍耦合电感抑制谐波环流的方法.在此基础上建立了无互联线逆变电源并联的数学模型.研究表明耦合电感能有效的抑制谐波环流,...     

单相并网逆变器的定频滞环电流控制新方法

传统的滞环电流控制算法具有实现简单、动态响应快、对负载参数变化不敏感、电流跟踪误差小等优点,但也存在开关频率随电流变化率变化而波动,造成网侧滤波电感设计困难,功率模块应力及开关损耗增大的不足。通过对滞环电流控制算法的原理和开关频率波动的原因进行分析,提出了基于积分法的定频算法。利用MATLAB中的Simulink工具箱,搭建了单相光伏并网系统仿真模型,仿真结果表明,这种算法在保持滞环电流控制算法优点的同时,较好实现了滞环开关频率的稳定。     

A novel robust current control approach using adaptive line enhancer for three‐phase current‐source active power filter

An effective system control method is presented for applying a three‐phase current‐source PWM converter with a deadbeat controller to active power filters (APFs). In the shunt‐type configuration, the APF is controlled such that the current drawn by the APF from the utility is equal to the current harmonics and reactive current required for the load. To attain the time‐optimal response of the APF supply current, a two‐dimensional deadbeat control scheme is applied to APF current control. Furthermore, in order to cancel both the delay in the two‐dimensional deadbeat control scheme and the delay in DSP control strategy, an Adaptive Line Enhancer (ALE) is introduced in order to predict the desired value three sampling periods ahead. ALE has another function of bringing robustness to the deadbeat control system. Due to the ALE, settling time is made short in a transient state. On the other hand, total harmonic distortion (THD) of source currents can be minimized compared to the case where ideal identification of the controlled system can be made. The experimental results obtained from the DSP‐based APF are also reported. The compensating ability of this APF is very high in accuracy and responsiveness although the modulation frequency is rather low. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 50–61, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20014     

AC voltage and current sensorless control method for three‐phase PWM converter

We present a three‐phase PWM converter without AC voltage and AC current sensors. The phase angle used in the control system is adjusted by using a PLL controller without sensing AC voltage. To prevent overcurrent at startup, the initial phase angle of the source voltage is estimated from the shunt current using a novel strategy. Furthermore, the phase currents can be reconstructed from the shunt current without any modification of the PWM pattern. To reduce the effect of current ripple, the shunt current is sampled twice for every phase in one PWM period and the sample timings are carefully adjusted. All of the proposed control schemes can be implanted using a single chip microprocessor (SH7046, Renesas Tech.). Simulation and experimental results with a 5‐kW prototype confirmed that the schemes worked well. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(4): 48–57, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20983     

Feasible enhancement of a three‐phase soft‐switching inverter with an auxiliary resonant DC link snubber

The purpose of this paper is to improve power conversion efficiency of a three‐phase voltage source type soft‐switching inverter with a single auxiliary resonant DC link (ARDCL) snubber. First, the operating principle of an ARDCL snubber discussed here is described. Second, this paper proposes an effective pulse pattern generation method of the zero voltage space vector of the three‐phase soft‐switching inverter using IGBTs or power modules that can reduce power losses in the ARDCL snubber treated here. In particular, a zero voltage holding interval in the DC rail busline of this three‐phase soft‐switching inverter is to be regulated according to the generation method of the zero voltage space vector. Third, the maximum modulation depth M_max under the condition of correction of the instantaneous voltage space vector can be improved by using a new zero voltage space vector generation method. Finally, the feasible experimental results of this inverter are obtained confirming the operating characteristics such as power conversion actual efficiency, as well as conventional efficiency THD and RMS value of the balanced three‐phase output voltage for an experimentally built three‐phase voltage source type soft‐switching pulse modulated inverter using the latest IGBT modules and evaluated from the standpoint of practical applications in industry UPS and new energy systems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(1): 89–99, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10234     

有源滤波器电流控制新方法

本文提出了一种基于最优电压空间矢量的有源滤波器滞环电流控制方法。该方法的特点是以相间电流误差而非相电流误差作为控制对象,因此可用三个滞环比较器构成参考电压矢量所在区别判别器,在此基础上应用最优电压矢量实行滞环电流控制。在同样的控制精度下,该方法可有效地降低开关频率,减小有源滤波器开关损耗。计算机仿真结果验证了这一方法的有效性。     

A simple method for output voltage control of a three‐phase multilevel inverter considering DC voltage fluctuation

Multilevel inverter circuit generates the stair‐like voltage without using transformer and interphase reactor, and it is the circuit which realizes reduction in the harmonics and enlargement of the capacity. In addition, the application of PWM control improves the waveform, and reduces the switching component to the conventional half, and the filter capacity is reduced. In this paper, improvement on the voltage utilization factor and feedback control of output voltage are applied to multilevel inverter circuit. For the DC power supply with the intense fluctuation, it is necessary to construct inverter circuit which can supply stabilized AC voltage. One‐chip microcomputer with various functions is used for the control equipment of this circuit, and miniaturization and cost reduction of the control equipment are realized. Here, the control principle and experimental results of this equipment are mainly reported. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(3): 40–47, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20906     

Compensation for neutral point potential in a three‐level inverter using motor currents of a permanent magnet synchronous motor and its characteristics

A three‐level inverter has several advantages of large capacity, large voltage, and low current waveform distortion. However, there is an important problem of neutral point potential variation in three‐level inverters. The variation causes an unbalance in the dc link voltage levels and current waveform distortion. In this paper, we propose a new method to control the neutral point potential. First, the neutral point potential variation in a three‐level inverter for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive is analyzed by state variable method and is calculated on the basis of the analytic results. Second, using the estimated value, proposed compensation for the variation can be done. Third, analytic and experimental results of the proposed method are compared with the results of feedforward compensation by simply adjusting the vector output intervals. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(4): 56–63, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10033     

A new PWM scheme for NPC inverters which reduces waveform distortion due to pulsewidth limitation and a new neutral point voltage control

This paper presents a new PWM scheme for NPC inverters that is suitable for large capacity GTO inverters. In conventional NPC inverters, a pulse of narrow width is needed to synthesize a low-voltage wave. A pulsewidth limitation due to the use of GTOs causes differences between output phase voltages and reference voltages. This paper proposes a scheme in which square waves are added to all three-phase voltage references to enable a low-voltage to be synthesized with no narrow pulses and significant reduction in harmonic components of output voltage results. Also, a new neutral point voltage control is proposed. Finally, a theoretical analysis and experimental results for the proposed scheme are presented. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 118 (1): 93–105, 1997     

A new current control strategy based on the internal model principle for a current balancer in single‐phase three‐wire distribution systems

This paper proposes a new current control strategy that is based on the internal model principle for a current balancer in single‐phase three‐wire distribution systems. The proposed current control strategy includes a sinusoidal reference input model to achieve the zero steady‐state error tracking. The appropriate control gains of this control strategy can be systematically determined by using a state‐feedback controller design method via linear matrix inequalities. The basic principle of the proposed control strategy is discussed in detail, and then confirmed by digital computer simulation using the PSIM software. A prototype experimental model is constructed and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that zero steady‐state error tracking is achieved by the proposed control strategy. Also, balanced source currents are obtained on the secondary side of a pole‐mounted distribution transformer while the load conditions are unbalanced. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Newly proposed hybrid resonant commutation bridge‐leg link snubber‐assisted three‐phase ZVZCS‐PWM soft‐switching inverter

This paper presents the newly proposed hybrid resonant commutation bridge‐leg link (HRCB) snubber circuit which can achieve zero voltage and zero current soft‐switching commutation for single‐phase and three‐phase voltage source‐type inverter, along with its unique features and operation principle. The circuit parameter design approach for the HRCB snubber circuit and the determination estimating scheme of the gate pulse timing processing which is more suitable and acceptable for single‐phase and space voltage vector modulated three‐phase voltage source inverter using the HRCB snubber circuit are described in this paper. In particular, the three‐phase voltage source soft‐switching inverter associated with the proposed HRCB circuits are evaluated and discussed from simulation and experimental viewpoints. The practical effectiveness of the HRCB snubber‐assisted three‐phase voltage source soft‐switching inverter using IGBT power modules which is based on the instantaneous space voltage vector modulation is clarified on the output voltage waveform, actual efficiency of electromagnetic noise in comparison with three‐phase voltage source‐type conventional hard‐switching inverter. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(4): 75–84, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20111     

A new approach to an individual‐phase reactive power compensator for nonsinusoidal and unbalanced three‐phase systems

Many researchers have attempted to clarify the definitions of active power, reactive power, active current, reactive current, etc. for unbalanced and nonsinusoidal three‐phase situations. The so‐called pq theory has given a new definition of instantaneous reactive power, and it has been discussed and developed by many authors. In this paper, the merits and demerits of the instantaneous reactive power compensator are discussed. It is shown theoretically that applying instantaneous reactive power compensation to unbalanced three‐phase systems has a serious disadvantage in that it causes third‐order harmonic currents on the source side, which problem cannot be avoided. To overcome this problem the authors propose a new approach, and name it the “quasi‐instantaneous” reactive power compensator. It compensates individual‐phase reactive currents. The basic principles of the quasi‐instantaneous reactive current compensator are discussed in detail, and its validity is confirmed using digital simulation. In particular the authors show that the power factor of each phase becomes unity on the source side, but the source currents remain unbalanced when the proposed method is applied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(3): 73–81, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.1162     

A three‐phase constant‐current source using an immittance converter

The term immittance converter refers to an impedance–admittance converter. The immittance converter has an input impedance that is proportional to the admittance of the load connected across output terminals. In this converter, the output current is proportional to the input voltage and the input current is proportional to the output voltage. Consequently, it converts a constant‐voltage source into a constant‐current source and a constant‐current source into a constant‐voltage source. It is well known that the quarter wavelength transmission line shows immittance conversion characteristics. However, it has a very long line length for the switching frequency, and is not suitable for power electronics applications. We thus proposed immittance converters that consist of lumped elements L, C and show improved immittance conversion characteristics at a resonant frequency. A three‐phase constant‐current source is proposed in this paper. It is possible to realize this by a simple circuit using an immittance converter. In this paper, circuit operation, characteristic equations, and results of simulation are described. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(4): 47–54, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20078     

三电平有源滤波器直流侧电压控制方法

建立了三电平有源滤波器数学模型并提出了其直流侧电压的闭环控制策略。在电压外环中采用PI控制维持直流侧电压恒定。在电流内环中,从空间矢量PWM调制方法的角度出发,对中点平衡问题进行了仔细研究,总结了各种空间矢量对中点电压平衡的影响。然后针对三电平APF,提出了一种简单的中点电压平衡控制策略。该方法只需检测各相电流和中点电压波动的方向,对小矢量进行取舍实现中点电压平衡控制。同时,并没有增加系统的开关损耗和输出电压的du/dt。仿真结果证明了这种控制策略的正确性。     

Direct‐connected multiple current‐source converters for SMES system

The superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system would be a valuable system for power line stabilization. It would increase stability by supporting peak energy and compensating generation shortage. With the development of a large‐capacity GTO thyristor suitable for 20‐MW‐level power conversion systems, it is possible to control the four‐quadrant real power (P) and the reactive power (Q) condition by self‐commutated power converters with high performance. This paper describes a new direct‐connected multiple current‐source converter, and also explains suitable control strategies for the pilot plant of an SMES system. The feasibility of the control strategies is demonstrated by EMTP simulation results. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 133(1): 87–96, 2000     

基于电压/电流控制模式的组合式三相逆变器

为满足逆变器负载短路而不停机的要求,提出正常情况输出恒定电压和异常情况下(如短路)输出电流恒定的2种模式相结合方案.基于组合式三相逆变器拓扑,分析得到带有LcL滤波器的逆变器等效拓扑,给出电压控制模式下PID加重复控制的控制策略和电流控制模式下状态反馈控制的复合控制策略.运用极点配置对PID控制和状态反馈系数进行设计,...     

A simplified cascade current‐source inverter interconnected to a single‐phase three‐wire distribution system and its application to electric energy storage systems with batteries

A novel current source inverter system interconnected to the single‐phase grid is proposed. It has the same construction as the conventional three‐phase current source inverter that is interconnected to the single‐phase three‐wire distribution system. Though the proposed circuit has no output transformer, it can be equivalently performed as the single‐phase double cascade inverter by diverting the pole transformer in the utility system. By controlling the appropriate scheme, the output currents can be obtained as the five‐level waveforms and their distortions can be decreased sufficiently. It is applied to the interactive electric energy storage system with batteries and the basic discharging characteristics are discussed experimentally. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(2): 50–61, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10380