陈村大坝安全监测自动化系统的土建设计与施工

结合陈村大坝自动化监测系统建设实例，介绍了混凝土坝安全监测自动化系统土建工程的设计与施工方法，解决了现场设备防雷、防潮、防人为和动物破坏。通讯和电源传输等问题。     

云计算在水电设备状态监测系统集成中的应用

以云计算平台在水电设备状态监测系统集成的应用为出发点,围绕状态监测系统的共享资源集成、数据存储管理和分布式计算平台建立等难点,对流域级电站群的状态监测系统云平台开发的实际问题,及状态监测集成和云计算融合的关键技术进行了分析和研究,最后给出基于云平台的水电设备状态数据集成管理平台的设计与实现。     

大渡河流域大坝安全风险预警管理探讨

随着国内各大流域水电开发初具规模,流域梯级电站群大坝安全风险管理问题日益突出。基于大渡河流域电站大坝安全监测与监控关键技术,结合大渡河流域梯级电站群库坝安全信息综合管理系统建设,依托云计算大数据实时存储、处理和交换平台,以瀑布沟水电站为例,探讨并提出了九种大坝风险预警管理模式(触发边界条件+应急响应流程),深入探究了六种大坝风险实时评判准则,为实现流域梯级电站大坝安全风险自动识别、智能决策管理奠定了基础。     

大坝安全监测设备状态监控研究与实践

水电站大坝监测自动化系统设备运行状态的好坏,直接影响到获取数据的及时性、可靠性及对工程运行性态的评价。基于解决监测自动化系统故障诊断的科学性、设备维护消缺的时效性,以及整合资源减少人力投入、提高职工幸福指数等问题,开展了大坝监测设备状态监控的研究与实践,探索了设备状态监控对象、功能需求、故障评判预警方法,通过与监测自动化系统和信息管理系统的融合,做到设备维护消缺有的放矢,实现了由被动到主动、由定期到动态适时消缺的转变,为快速诊断与处理缺陷、保证监测设备的健康稳定运行、实现电站现场"无人值班、少人值守,甚至无人值守"打下坚实基础,对流域公司或大中型水电站大坝监测管理具有重要意义,也为今后新建工程开展大坝监测自动化系统设计与建设提供了新思路。     

大型建筑施工设备防碰撞预警程序的开发研究

文章结合建筑施工设备防碰撞预警的现实需要,以施工设备的定位、数据的采集及施工设备的运动预判为基础,对施工设备预警程序的开发做了一定的研究.     

基于移动终端的大坝安全监测信息发布平台研究

针对当前大坝安全监测信息发布对终端便携性和实时性的需求,开展了基于移动终端的大坝安全监测信息发布平台研究。通过对平台通用数据接口、图表后台处理以及多级阈值判定等关键技术的研究与改进,进一步增强平台工作的灵活性、使用的便捷性和信息的共享性,实现了大坝安全监测数据的发布与共享、查询与显示、大坝性态的判定与预警,让用户能够通过移动终端随时随地掌握大坝安全状况。     

岩溶山区滑坡监测预警云平台设计与实现

针对西南岩溶山区滑坡监测数据量大、类型多、来源杂、集成与分析难等问题,基于Hadoop进行数据的存储与计算,并应用WebGIS等关键核心技术,设计并初步实现了适用于岩溶山区滑坡监测预警的云平台原型系统。首先,设计了多元监测数据集成管理的普适性云平台系统架构;其次,依托校园大数据平台、采用网络开发技术,搭建了应用型云平台;最后,基于原型平台实现并验证了岩溶山区滑坡监测预警云平台的基本功能模块。平台原型及其试验结果表明:岩溶滑坡监测预警云平台的构建设想与技术路线合理、可行,是探索岩溶山区滑坡信息化并进行岩溶滑坡地质灾害监测预警的有效手段和平台支撑。     

雅砻江流域大坝系统监管工作指标设计与探讨

雅砻江流域大坝安全信息管理系统是雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司(简称"雅砻江公司")建设的流域化大坝安全管理的专业技术平台,主要对雅砻江流域各个水电工程的大坝安全监测、巡视检查、定检等信息进行集中管理。依托系统信息平台,以自动化系统运行、人工监测工作开展、数据审核、水工巡视检查等日常水工管理工作内容为基础,制定自动化监测数据完整率、人工监测数据完整率、有效数据检查率、监测自动化系统运行率、巡视检查完成率、有效巡检审核率等6项指标,通过定期统计分析,进一步规范了现场安全监测工作开展情况,提升了公司大坝安全监管工作水平,具有一定参考意义。     

设备故障早期预警系统在水电机组检修中的应用

针对目前水电设备检测手段单一的现状,在水电厂已有各项监测系统的基础上,基于实时数据挖掘技术和"相似度曲线"预警技术,开发了水电设备故障早期预警系统。该系统充分利用现有机组运行数据及所积累的检修经验,将传统的故障事后处理模式转变为更加主动的事前预防模式,实现了水电设备的安全状态定量评估和长周期的安全稳定运行分析。该系统的应用极大地提高了水电设备检修和运行管理的效率。     

基于大数据技术的水电智能决策支持系统

针对水电企业生产系统数据分散,相互之间信息屏蔽隔绝,容易形成"数据孤岛",且不支持海量数据计算挖掘,不易发挥数据综合效益等问题,研制了基于大数据技术的水电生产智能决策支持系统,设计了系统的整体框架,构建了适应于水电生产的通用性数据模型体系,综合应用Hadoop架构与实时数据库系统实现以"水电生产"为核心的数据高度融合以及统一,在此基础上,面向不同层面、不同岗位、不同业务的需求,设计了设备运行状态分析、设备故障诊断,设备智能报警和异常预警等智能应用,以水电站集水井泵类设备为例,阐述了设备智能报警模型的构建方法,目前,基于大数据技术的水电智能决策支持系统已完成数据集成、平台部署与部分应用开发,能为决策层、管理层、执行层、操作层提供辅助决策支撑,应用效果良好。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。