模具零件表面涂层技术的研究

介绍了表面涂层技术对于模具质量与使用寿命的影响及作用，概述了热喷涂、CVD、PVD、电镀、化学镀以及激光熔覆等常用表面涂层技术在模具零件制造中的应用，从复合涂层与纳米涂层等方面对表面涂层新技术的发展方向作了展望，最后总结表面涂层技术对提高模具零件制造水平的重要意义及其拥有的广阔市场前景。     

物理气相沉积涂层技术(PVD)在模具制造上的应用

物理气相沉积涂层技术（PVD）现在已被广泛应用于欧、美等地的制造业，但在中国华南地区则仍处于刚起步的发展阶段。最近，科汇钛力有限公司引进了该技术，成为香港第一家为厂家提供最新功能性PVD设备及涂层加工技术服务的公司。该公司是著名的瑞士PVD涂层设备供应商Platit在香港的代表。Platit公司成立于１９４８年，总部位于瑞士，最初从事钟表的涂层加工处理，现在主要集中于提供功能性工具的涂层设备以及涂层加工服务。科汇钛力总经理郭光宇先生表示，PVD技术主要适用于刀具（如铣刀、车刀、刀片和钻头等）、模具（如冲压、拉伸、…     

模具PVD涂层值得关注的几个问题

PVD涂层近年来在模具行业的应用越来越多,涂层时必须考虑使用条件、模具材料、热处理工艺等因素.根据多年涂层行业的工作经验,认为保证模具涂层后基体仍具有高的硬度至关重要,归纳了拉伸模具、剪切模具、铝合金压铸模具和汽车冷镦模具等涂层时应该注意的关键技术问题.     

高端精冲模具的制造探讨

精冲技术已越来越多的应用于成形更厚、更复杂零件,其模具寿命成为亟待解决的问题。文章从模具制造角度,采用理论分析和微观测试相结合方法,揭示基于粉末冶金模具材料的模具工件,分别在磨削、慢走丝线切割及表面PVD涂层工艺后的微观形貌和残余应力等的状况,并提出了相应的改善方法。     

PVD涂层技术在冲压/成型模具中的应用及实例

PVD涂层技术是最新、最先进的表面工程技术之一,它是把弧光放电作为金属蒸发源的表面涂层技术。由于离子镀技术具有镀膜速度高,膜层致密,膜的附着力好等特点,使多弧离子镀镀层在模具的超硬镀膜领域的应用越来越广泛,并将占据越来越重要的地位。介绍了离子镀技术的原理、特点,并在总结和归纳了国内外文献的基础上,重点介绍了离子镀技术在冲压/成型模具中的应用及实例,为今后离子镀技术的研究与应用提供了有益的借鉴。     

Cr12MoV钢模具PVD效果初探

本文根据经常规基体强韧化处理后、再经物理气相沉积(PVD)表面强化的Cr12MoV冷冲模的使用效果,初步分析了PVD的技术性、经济性以及模具基体在PVD过程的变化状况。     

离子镀在模具中的应用

表面覆层硬化技术可显著提高模具零件的表面硬度和耐磨性,因而近年来获得了较大的进展。表面覆层法有热喷涂、堆焊、PVD 法和 CVD 法等。在 PVD 法中常用的有真空蒸镀、真空溅射镀和离子镀法等。其中离子镀层具有附着力强、浇镀性好、沉积速度快、无公害等优点。用离子镀工艺在模具表面镀上 TiC、TiN 层后,其使用寿命可延长几倍至几十倍。因此,离子镀在模具上的应用将越来越广泛。     

用无损非接触式光热法确定PVD和Sol-Gel涂层的厚度和热特性

与金属基体结合的薄涂层经常被用于模具。涂层的特性取决于涂层参数和工艺（如Sol-Gel、PVD、CVD等）。本文介绍采用光热法测量PVD和Sol-Gel涂层的厚度和热特性，这些涂层是开发模具所需要的。讨论了光学参数和表面粗糙度对测量结果的影响。     

复合涂层在高强钢冲压模具上的应用

目前．在车身轻量化的趋势下,采用高强超高强钢板冲压车身零部件日益增多。对于延长冲压模具寿命．也出现了多种途径和方法．如图所1示,与模具寿命关联的主要因素有模具的结构设计．模具材料选择、材料的热处理方式、模具加工制造工艺等等。从成本、质量、周期等方面比较．表面选择复合涂层PVD处理是一个比较理想的有效途径。模具在工作中除了要求基体有合理配置下足够高的强度和韧性外．其表面性能对工作性能及使用寿命也至关重要。表面性能．     

欧瑞康巴尔查斯公司推出低温PVD涂层

世界领先的PVD涂层供应商欧瑞康巴尔查斯公司推出了一种用于模具和零部件的新型低温PVD涂层系列——BALINIT ARCTIC。通过采用一种创新的电弧工艺,该涂层能在200oC的温度下进行沉积,比标;隹PVD涂层400～500℃的沉积温度低得多,这就使得对冷作钢、塑料加工模具钢（通常在200℃时发生回火）以及铜合金进行表面涂装成为可能。     

Adhesive interlayers' effect on the entire structure strength of glass molding tools' Pt–Ir coatings by nano-tests determined

Precision glass molding is a technology for the medium to large scale production of complex optical components with high surface quality and form accuracy. However, the process is only economically viable if a long lifetime of the molding tools can be guaranteed. This can be achieved by using protective coatings on the optical surfaces of the molding tools. The most commonly used coatings for this application are based on noble metals, as they show reduced interaction with the glass during molding. The coatings must have excellent mechanical and chemical properties at high temperatures to withstand the stresses during molding and simultaneously extreme low surface roughness and defect density. The form accuracy of the molding tools is in the sub-μm range and must be maintained even after the coating deposition. Therefore, very thin films of approximately 300 nm thickness are used. High film adhesion and strength properties are necessary for preventing surface defects and coating delamination.In the described investigations, platinum (Pt)–iridium (Ir) coatings were deposited directly on cemented carbide samples by Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) process. Moreover, for improving the adhesion, different materials such as of Ni and Cr were employed as adhesive interlayers at various thicknesses. These interlayers were deposited on the substrate before the Pt–Ir film, during the same PVD process. Appropriate experimental procedures were conducted for characterizing the coatings' mechanical and adhesion properties such as nanoindentations, nano-impact and nano-scratch tests. FEM calculations simulating the films' loadings during nano-impact test explain the effect of the adhesive interlayer on the entire coating substrate structure strength.     

Injection molding of products with functional surfaces by micro-structured, PVD coated injection molds

Molding of micro structures by injection molding leads to special requirements for the molds e.g. regarding wear resistance and low release forces of the molded components. At the same time it is not allowed to affect the replication precision. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is one of the promising technologies for applying coatings with adapted properties like high hardness, low roughness, low Young’s modulus and less adhesion to the melt of polymers. Physical vapor deposition technology allows the deposition of thin films on micro structures. Therefore, the influence of these PVD layers on the contour accuracy of the replicated micro structures has to be investigated. For this purpose injection mold inserts were laser structured with micro structures of different sizes and afterwards coated with two different coatings, which were deposited by a magnetron sputter ion plating PVD technology. After deposition, the coatings were analyzed by techniques regarding hardness, Young’s modulus and morphology. The geometries of the micro structures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy before and after coating. Afterwards, the coated mold inserts were used for injection molding experiments. During the injection molding process, a conventional and a variothermal temperature control of the molds were used. The molded parts were analyzed regarding roughness, structure height and structure width by means of laser microscopy.     

超硬纳微米 PVD 涂层技术在刀具领域的应用及研究进展

介绍了物理气相沉积(PVD)技术的原理、特点和真空蒸镀、溅射镀和离子镀之间的优缺点,从二元涂层、多元涂层、多层涂层和纳米多层复合涂层等4种类别上介绍了PVD涂层技术在切削刀具上的广泛应用。在查阅和整理大量文献资料的基础上,也结合笔者多年从事PVD技术的研究与应用心得,从提高切削刀具的寿命这一重要角度出发,阐述了国内外超硬纳微米PVD涂层技术在切削刀具应用领域的研究进展,并对多元涂层、多层涂层及涂层的纳米化也进行了较为详细地论述。切削刀具表面采用物理气相沉积涂层技术能使刀具获得优异的综合性能,从而显著提高切削刀具的使用寿命,降低生产成本,大幅提高机械加工效率。最后展望了物理气相沉积涂层技术未来将在超硬切削(包括模具钢、淬硬钢等硬度超过HRC55以上的铣削加工)、难加工材料切削(包括高温合金、钛合金、不锈钢等)、石墨和碳纤维等复合材料加工和有色金属的高速切削加工(包括铝合金、铜合金、镍等)的广泛应用。     

铝合金笔记本电脑外壳制造的关键技术

从成型、切割、表面粘结层涂布、模内镶嵌注射及表面装饰等方面,对铝合金笔记本电脑外壳制造的关键技术进行了研究开发。     

Environmental aspects of physical vapour deposition processes

This study considers the environmental aspects of physical vapour deposition (PVD) coating technology. The magnitude, size, structure and composition of dust emissions from the coating plant are analysed. The emissions are then classified into different risk categories. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible means of avoiding dust emissions from the coating process and a conspectus of environmental advantages and disadvantages of PVD technology.     

热流道注射成型CAE技术的应用和发展

从热流道模具和注射成型CAE技术两方面着手，介绍了热流道模具的优势、选择依据、特征设计，同时结合注射成型CAE建立了热流道系统的瞬态温度场方程．预测了注射模热流道技术的发展趋势。     

TPE软胶注射模设计与制造

通过对汽车仪表盘按钮的分析,阐述了TPE软胶注射模的设计思路,特别是模具滑块分流道的设计,对模具的结构和关键零件的加工工艺、材料选用及注射成型工艺参数的确定。     

铌合金表面高温抗氧化涂层

介绍了铌合金表面高温抗氧化涂层的4大体系——耐热合金涂层、铝化物涂层、硅化物涂层和贵金属涂层的组成、特点及制备条件。我国研究人员围绕飞机发动机涡轮叶片和火箭发动机燃烧室及尾气喷管用铌合金的防护进行了大量研究工作，研制的高温抗氧化涂层已经用于49kN推力发动机铌合围裙和姿态控制铌合金喷管。通过研究认为，PVD和传统熔烧工艺相结合的新工艺及纳米涂层技术是今后铌合金表面高温涂层制备的研究方向。     

现代刀具涂层制备技术的研究现状

刀具涂层是一种机床工具行业的重要材料,其性能直接影响数控机床的机械加工精度.概述了刀具涂层材料的特点、要求及涂层制备技术的发展,分析了化学气相沉积法、物理气相沉积法、等离子体增强化学气相沉积法及溶胶-凝胶法等几种涂层制备方法的优缺点.结合国内外刀具涂层的研究现状及发展趋势,指出在大力发展化学气相沉积涂层和物理气相沉积涂层技术的同时,开发两者相结合的新型工艺,推动国内刀具涂层技术的快速发展.     

汽车仪表台零件工艺分析和注射模设计

通过对汽车仪表台零件工艺分析,设计出结构合理的注射模,满足了汽车仪表台各项技术要求