3-3 型压电复合材料的有限元模型及材料参数对其性能的影响

根据均匀场理论分析3-3 型压电复合材料代表体积胞元, 通过罚函数方法引入周期性边界条件, 建立了3-3 型压电复合材料的有限元模型。数值计算结果与已有实验结果基本一致, 验证了模型的合理性, 并与解析解进行了对比, 表明该有限元模型能更精确地描述3-3 型复合材料的有效性能常数。用所建模型分析了基体相体积分数、复合材料基体泊松比、弹性模量和复合材料基体分布形状等参数对静水压压电常数值和静水压灵敏值的影响。      

水泥基压电复合材料的研究进展

综述了水泥基压电复合材料的研究进展.对于0-3型水泥基压电复合材料,压电陶瓷相的性能、复合材料的制备工艺以及微观结构等对其压电及介电性能有重要影响.压电陶瓷相含量越高、粒度越大,复合材料的压电响应就越大.提高极化电压有助于增强复合材料的压电响应.增加成型压力可提高复合材料微观结构的致密性,从而提高压电性能.总结了压电陶瓷的体积分数、形貌以及环境湿度与1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的性能关系,介绍了2-2型水泥基压电复合材料的传感效应及驱动效应的相关研究成果,最后展望了该领域的发展前景.     

0-3型PZN-PZT/PVDF压电复合材料的制备工艺条件优化

采用固相法合成了性能良好的PZN-PZT陶瓷粉体.将压电陶瓷粉体分散于PVDF基体中,制备了0-3型PZN-PZT/PVDF压电复合材料.研究了复合材料的复合工艺、极化参数与压电陶瓷的含量对复合材料压电性能的影响.结果表明,溶液混合工艺较好,且当极化电场强度为6kV·mm-1、温度为110℃进行极化20min时,陶瓷粉体质量分数为90%的复合材料的压电性能最好,压电常数d33值达35.9 pC·N-1.     

1-3型压电复合材料的制备及性能分析

简要介绍了压电复合材料的复合理论及有限元方法(FEM),并结合具体材料的参数,得到了1-3型压电复合材料各性能参数随PZT相体积比变化的曲线;同时,通过有限元软件对1-3型压电复合材料进行了仿真;最后,利用割模-浇铸法制作了1-3型压电复合材料,并对其性能进行了测试及分析。     

1-3型压电复合材料和普通PZT换能器性能对比分析

通过切割-填充法制备了1-3型压电复合材料，并选取相同尺寸的1-3型压电复合材料和普通PZT圆片制成活塞型换能器，经测量得到了两种换能器在空气中和水中的导纳曲线，水中发送电压响应、接收灵敏度和指向性曲线。通过对比分析，得出1-3型压电复合材料换能器比普通PZT压电换能器的收发性能有明显改善。     

3-2型压电复合材料的静水压特性研究

基于压电复合材料的串并联理论以及等效参数理论,推导了3-2型压电复合材料的等效性能参数的计算公式,并针对PZT5/环氧树脂618构成的3-2型复合材料,将计算值与实验结果进行了比较,对理论公式进行了验证,结果表明二者吻合较好.应用理论公式对3-2型压电复合材料的压电性能进行了分析,得出3-2型压电复合材料比1-3型压电复合材料具有更高的静水压压电常数,同时确定了3-2型复合材料中压电陶瓷体积百分比的优选范围.     

PZT陶瓷粉体及其PVDF压电复合材料的制备与性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成PZT压电陶瓷粉体,经XRD和SEM分析显示,陶瓷颗粒已形成了钙钛矿型结晶相,颗粒大小在0.1~1μm之间。采用溶液共混法将PZT粒子均匀分散于PVDF基体中,制备了PZT/PVDF压电复合材料。结果表明,增加PZT含量有利于复合材料压电性能的提高,当陶瓷体积分数达70%时,复合材料的压电常数最高。     

1-1-3型压电复合材料的振动模态研究

对1-1-3型压电复合材料进行了振动形态的分析。1-1-3型压电复合材料选用PZT-5H、硅橡胶和环氧树脂制备而成。从制备的两组样品的实验证明该复合元件相比传统的1-3型压电复合材料具有较高的机电耦合系数和较低的声阻抗。通过PSV-400型激光测振仪测量其振动形态,发现其中压电陶瓷柱的振动为主动振动,模态为电场平行于长度方向的纵向伸缩模态。该结构的复合元件充分发挥了压电柱本身的压电性能,进而提高了整个元件的压电性能,使得该复合元件更适合应用于水声换能器。     

振动真空方法对水泥基压电复合材料性能提高表征测试

为改善水泥基压电复合材料的密实度,提高材料性能和耐久性,该文提出一种基于振动真空共同作用的方法,制备水泥基压电复合材料,设置两组对照试验。以普通硅酸盐水泥为基体,以锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷PZT为功能体,用振动真空和纯真空方法结合切割-填充法制备出1-3型、2-2型PZT/水泥基压电复合材料.研究分析振动真空和纯真空下水泥基压电复合材料的压电性、介电性和机电耦合性能的变化规律。结果表明:采用振动真空方法所得到的试件,其压电应变常数d_(33)和相对介电常数ε_γ比纯真空方法得到的结果相对偏大,而相对应的压电电压常数g_(33)则偏小,压电性能更好。振动真空方法得到的试件,其串联谐振频率f_s和并联谐振频率f_p较纯真空方法得到的试件要更小,而K_p、K_t和Q_m的值都稍微更大,机电耦合性能更好。     

PZN-PZT压电陶瓷及其PVDF压电复合材料的制备和性能

采用固相烧结法合成了PZN-PZT(铌锌锆钛酸铅)三元系压电陶瓷烧结块材和粉末,并采用XRD、SEM等测试方法对其结构和性能进行了分析。PZN-PZT常压烧结陶瓷具有优良的压电性能,PZN-PZT颗粒粒径在0.5~4 μm之间,颗粒形态不太规整。采用溶液共混法将PZN-PZT粒子均匀分散于PVDF基体中,制备了PZN-PZT/PVDF 0-3型压电复合材料。研究了PZN-PZT质量分数、极化电场等因素对该压电复合材料压电和介电性能的影响。实验结果表明,选用压电活性更高的压电陶瓷粉末进行复合,可有效提高压电复合材料的压电性能。增加PZN-PZT质量分数、提高极化电压均有利于复合材料压电性能的提高。     

封装对MEMS高G值传感器性能的影响

以一种新型高G值MEMS加速度传感器为例进行有限元模拟，将实际封装简化为一种最简单的封装结构，进行频域分析和时域分析，讨论粘结传感器芯片和封装基体的封接材料对其输出信号的影响。频域分析表明，封接材料的杨氏模量对封装后加速度传感器整体的振动模态的影响很大，封接胶的杨氏模量很小时会致使加速度传感器的信号失真，模拟表明可选用杨氏模量足够高的环氧树脂类作高G值传感器的封接材料，时域分析静态模拟表明，封接材料的杨氏模量对最大等效应力，最大正应力以及沿加载垂直方向的正应力的最大值与最小值基本无影响，时域分析动态模拟表明，随着封接材料杨氏模量的提高，动态模拟输出的悬壁末端节点位移的波形和经数字滤波后输出的信号变好，封接材料的杨氏模量不影响输出信号的频率和均值，在加速度脉冲幅值输入信号变化时，悬壁梁末端位移平均值输出领带信号与输入有良好的线性关系。     

1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的制备及性能

采用切割-浇注法, 以硫铝酸盐水泥为基体, 制备了1-3型水泥基压电复合材料。详细阐述了1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的制备过程; 研究了0.375Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.375PbTiO₃-0.25PbZrO₃压电陶瓷柱的宽厚比w/t对1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的压电性能、 介电性能和声阻抗的影响。结果表明: 压电陶瓷柱的宽厚比w/t对1-3型水泥基压电复合材料性能有很大影响, 随着w/t的增加, 其压电应变常数d₃₃、 机电耦合系数K_p与K_t、 机械品质因数Q_m、 介电常数ε_r和介电损耗tanδ均随着w/t的增加而减小, 而压电电压常数g₃₃值几乎不受w/t的影响。在压电陶瓷体积分数仅为22.72%的条件下, 调节压电陶瓷柱的宽厚比w/t至0.130, 可使复合材料的声阻抗与混凝土的声阻抗十分接近, 从而有效地解决了智能材料在土木工程中的声阻抗相容性问题。      

Piezoelectric performance of piezoceramic-polymer composites with2-2 connectivity-a combined theoretical and experimental study

The piezoelectric performance of piezoceramic-polymer composites with 2-2 connectivity at low frequency has been analyzed theoretically. Due to the elastic coupling between the ceramic and polymer phases, the strain components in directions perpendicular and parallel to the ceramic-polymer interface are not uniform in either phase. As a result, most of the stress transfer between the two phases occurs at the region near the surface of the composite. In order to improve the piezoelectric performance of a composite, the polymer matrix should have a small Young's modulus and a large shear modulus, and a large aspect ratio. It may be also desirable to have the polymer matrix made of two different polymers with the stiffer one near the surface and the softer one in the interior of the composite. To compare with the theoretical calculations, surface profiles of a series of 2-2 composites with different aspect ratios were measured, and the experimental results show excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations. The nonuniform strain and stress in the direction parallel to the ceramic-polymer interface of a composite were also confirmed by experiments     

PMN-PT nanowires with a very high piezoelectric constant

A profound way to increase the output voltage (or power) of the piezoelectric nanogenerators is to utilize a material with higher piezoelectric constants. Here we report the synthesis of novel piezoelectric 0.72Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-0.28PbTiO(3) (PMN-PT) nanowires using a hydrothermal process. The unpoled single-crystal PMN-PT nanowires show a piezoelectric constant (d(33)) up to 381 pm/V, with an average value of 373 ± 5 pm/V. This is about 15 times higher than the maximum reported value of 1-D ZnO nanostructures and 3 times higher than the largest reported value of 1-D PZT nanostructures. These PMN-PT nanostructures are of good potential being used as the fundamental building block for higher power nanogenerators, high sensitivity nanosensors, and large strain nanoactuators.     

Researching on resonance characteristics influenced by the structure parameters of 1-3-2 piezocomposites plate

The 1-3-2 composite is made of 1-3 composite and ceramic base. Its effective properties are calculated based on the linear piezoelectric theory and uniform field theory. The influence of piezoelectric phase volume fraction and composite aspect (thickness/width) on resonance characteristic of square 1-3-2 piezoelectric composite plate has been researched. In addition, some 1-3-2 composite samples were fabricated by dice-fill technology. The resonance frequency of samples was investigated. The results show that the experiment agrees well with the calculation. The pure thickness resonance mode of 1-3-2 composite will be gained when the volume fraction of ceramic bottom is less than 30%; that of ceramic rods is in the range of 30 approximately 80% and the ratio of thickness to width is less than 0.35.     

2-2压电复合材料面板的压力放大作用

２－２压电复合材料应用普遍。材料中聚合物对压电陶瓷的应力作用，使性能得到施工改善。在复合材料两电极面上复盖薄面板，由于板的应力传递作用会使使接收国和辐射力产生放大效应，从而提高了接收灵敏度和发射响应。     

Influence of the connectivity pattern,the nature of the piezoelectric material,and rod thickness on the properties of 50 vol % PZT/50 vol % NiCo0.02Cu0.02Mn0.1Fe1.8O4 − δ magnetoelectric composites

We have studied the influence of the connectivity pattern, the nature of the piezoelectric material, and rod thickness on the properties of magnetoelectric composites with the composition 50 vol % PZT/50 vol % NiCo_0.02Cu_0.02Mn_0.1Fe_1.8O_{4 ? δ} (where PZT stands for various commercially available lead zirconate titanate based piezoelectric materials). The results indicate that the magnetoelectric conversion efficiency of the rod composites with any connectivity pattern (1-1, 1-3, or 3-1) is 10–20% higher than that of laminate composites. The largest magnetoelectric conversion coefficient ΔE/ΔH is offered by the 1-1 connectivity composites. The ΔE/ΔH of the composites correlates with both their piezoelectric sensitivity g ₃₃ and the piezoelectric sensitivity of the corresponding piezoelectric materials. ΔE/ΔH is shown to be inversely proportional to the thickness of the piezoelectric and ferrite rods. The highest ΔE/ΔH at a frequency of 1 kHz, 450 mV/(cm Oe), has been reached in the PZT-36 based composites with 1-1 connectivity and 0.3-mm-thick rods.     

Cylindrical interface cracks in 1-3 piezocomposites

1-3 Piezocomposites are made by embedding piezoelectric fibers/rods in polymer matrix materials. Fiber–matrix interface fracture can affect the performance of piezocomposites. In this paper, axisymmetric interfacial cracks in piezocomposites are studied by considering an idealized model of a single piezoelectric fiber in a matrix material. The displacement discontinuity method is used to formulate the Mode I and II crack problems. The fundamental solutions required for DDM are derived explicitly by using the electroelastic field equations and Fourier integral transforms. The dependence of Mode I and II stress intensity factors of single and multiple interface cracks on fiber and matrix material properties, crack length and distance between cracks are investigated.     

稀土IV型弯张换能器研究

IV型弯张换能器低频发射时具有尺寸小、重量轻的特点,是一种常用的水下低频大功率声源。稀土超磁致伸缩材料相较于压电陶瓷拥有更大的应变量和能量密度,并且杨氏模量较小,可以有效降低换能器谐振频率。利用稀土超磁致伸缩材料作为激励材料,设计了一种低频IV型弯张换能器,对其静态磁场和动态磁场进行了分析,构建出双棒式磁路,并使用有限元分析软件进行了换能器的结构建模与计算。根据计算结果制作了稀土IV型弯张换能器样机,测试结果表明所设计的换能器与仿真结果吻合较好,水中谐振频率为370 Hz,最大声源级为196 d B,能够实现低频、大功率发射。     

Lead-free KNbO(3) ferroelectric nanorod based flexible nanogenerators and capacitors

In spite of high piezoelectricity, only a few one-dimensional ferroelectric nano-materials with perovskite structure have been used for piezoelectric nanogenerator applications. In this paper, we report high output electrical signals, i.e.?an open-circuit voltage of 3.2?V and a closed-circuit current of 67.5?nA (current density 9.3?nA?cm(-2)) at 0.38% strain and 15.2%?s(-1) strain rate, using randomly aligned lead-free KNbO(3) ferroelectric nanorods (～1?μm length) with piezoelectric coefficient (d(33)?～?55?pm?V (-1)). A flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator is mainly composed of KNbO(3)-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) composite sandwiched by Au/Cr-coated polymer substrates. We deposit a thin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) layer between the KNbO(3)-PDMS composite and the Au/Cr electrode to completely prevent dielectric breakdown during electrical poling and to significantly reduce leakage current during excessive straining. The flexible KNbO(3)-PDMS composite device shows a nearly frequency-independent dielectric constant (～3.2) and low dielectric loss (<0.006) for the frequency range of 10(2)-10(5)?Hz. These results imply that short and randomly aligned ferroelectric nanorods can be used for a flexible high output nanogenerator as well as high-k capacitor applications by performing electrical poling and further optimizing the device structure.