装载机驾驶室非线性减振系统试验与优化

以某型装载机驾驶室减振系统为研究对象,通过优化解决了驾驶室振动过大和驾驶舒适性差的问题。以实测的车架振动信号为输入激励,根据驾驶室实际结构简化了驾驶室-座椅-人体的非线性减振系统模型,驾驶室和座椅的垂向振动加速度均方根值的模型输出值和实车试验值最大误差不超过6%。以驾驶室和座椅的垂向加速度均方根值为目标,使用遗传算法进行多目标优化,将优化结果代入模型来验证优化前后的驾驶室与座椅的减振性能。实车试验表明,改进后驾驶室垂向加速度的均方根值减小16%,座椅垂向加速度的均方根值减小53%。     

人机工程学下轿车座椅舒适尺度设计研究

研究轿车座椅人机尺度与驾驶员及乘客的安全性、舒适性等因素的关系,为轿车座椅设计提出更好的设计解决方案。运用人机工程学的知识对轿车座椅进行人机工程尺度分析,充分考虑不同标准的人为因素,把握人体尺度的差异性,并分别从静态尺度和动态尺度来衡量轿车各个座椅设计的合理性,再通过分析如何在保证舒适驾驶的同时,兼顾安全性和操控性等诸多方面。轿车座椅的人机工程尺度设计决定着轿车的安全性、舒适性和可操控性等多种相关因素。     

基于JACK的工业搬运车驾驶室人机工程仿真分析

工业搬运车作为生产工具,设计工业搬运车必定要考虑提高生产效率和保障作业人员的安全性与舒适性,工业搬运车在搬运货物时,安全因素是主要考虑和保证的,安全的工作环境是保障工作效率的前提。在工业搬运车作业过程中,安全性影响因素有:驾驶室视野、驾驶室舒适性因素、驾驶座椅设计、操纵杆位置。项目以JACK为主要仿真工具,对工业搬运车虚拟模型仿真分析,并结合人机工程学原理分析驾驶员所处的人-机-环境系统。分析座椅H点和座椅设计、可视域仿真、双手可达域仿真、人体脊椎受力仿真、关节舒适度分析,再对驾驶员作业静态强度进行预测,最后基于人机工程学原理的工业搬运车作业环境分析、设计优化和建议。     

基于RBF神经网络代理模型的装载机空调送风参数优化

装载机在夏季高温环境中作业时,为提高其空调降温效果,故以驾驶室内座椅区域的热流量和平衡温度为优化目标,对送风速度、温度、角度3个空调送风参数进行优化研究。首先,对装载机驾驶室内部流场进行分析,利用Isight优化设计平台集成Fluent;其次,选用最优拉丁超立方设计获取样本点,采用径向基函数（RBF）神经网络代理模型;最后,结合遗传算法对装载机空调送风参数进行多目标优化,通过实验对优化结果进行验证。结果表明：优化后装载机驾驶室内座椅区域的热流量增加了55.03 W,平衡温度略有降低,驾驶室内获得较好的气流组织,散热效果明显改善。     

基于JACK的电动拖拉机驾驶室人机工程改进设计

为改善电动拖拉机驾驶环境,提高驾驶室舒适性,以人机工程仿真软件JACK为工具,建立了符合中国驾驶员身体数据的虚拟驾驶员模型和电动拖拉机驾驶室人机工程仿真模型。在此基础上,分析了驾驶员的视觉可视性、上肢可达性和驾操纵姿势舒适性,辨别出现有电动拖拉机驾驶室设计中的缺陷。通过SAE驾驶员H点位置确定曲线与GB/T 6235—2004结合,重新确定驾驶员H点的位置,从方向盘、仪表盘、座椅等部件的布置对驾驶室进行改进设计。结果表明:在电动拖拉机驾驶室设计过程中进行人机工程虚拟仿真,可有效提高驾驶室的舒适度、视野性能、易操作性。     

基于RAMSIS的除雪车驾驶室人机工程分析

除雪车驾驶室的设计对驾驶安全和舒适性有重要影响。以RAMSIS软件为工具,对某除雪车的驾驶室进行人机工程分析,以5百分位、50百分位和95百分位男性人体模型数据为依据,创建面向除雪车的虚拟驾驶员模型,分析除雪车驾驶室的触及性、驾驶视野和舒适性。通过模拟坐姿、踩下油门踏板、挂上1挡的驾驶姿势,对比分析了3类驾驶员的舒适性。通过分析数据,发现现有除雪车驾驶室设计中的人机缺陷,提出了相应的改进设计建议,并给出改进设计方案,为除雪车驾驶室设计提供参考。     

汽车驾驶室人机工程试验台设计

汽车驾驶室人机工程试验台是汽车开发中非常重要的组成部分,设计者在进行驾驶室布置时,往往根据前人总结出来的经验理论数据来确定车内的有效空间,以及驾驶员座椅、换档机构、驻车制动机构、仪表、方向盘与转向柱、踏板组等的布置位置,从而确定各部件布置参数。由于缺乏实际驾驶模拟体验,设计出来的数模与实际情况有较大的误差,而驾驶室人机工程试验台正好弥补了这方面的不足,它是在人体测量数据和生物机械数据没有考虑到的方面,如易于操作、舒适、视觉要求和安全方面,为确定各种最优尺寸而进行配合试验的设备。采用试验的方法改变方向盘、踏板等操纵件相对于座椅的高度及水平位置,从而得到最好的驾驶姿势,既可以得到乘坐是否舒适,操纵是否方便,视野是否开阔等主观性数据,又能得到座椅与身体各部分的空隙、坐姿的测量、肌肉活动程度,身体压力分布等客观数据,从而为设计者提供了较为准确的数值。     

不同身高驾驶员分布形态对驾驶座椅设计影响

汽车驾驶座椅与驾驶员的舒适性有密切的联系,特别是在长时间的驾驶中,人体会产生很高的热量,使得人体各部位的酸痛感加剧,这对驾驶非常不利。座椅的影响非常大,所以对其设计研究也是具有极高意义的。本文主要根据我国的国民身高来进行研究,设计出符合人体工程学的驾驶座椅。     

基于振动响应工程车辆驾驶室乘坐舒适性分析

工程车辆工作环境恶劣,为保证驾驶员能够高效迅速的对复杂行驶路况做出准确反映,需要设计具备良好的乘坐舒适性的驾驶室。根据工程车辆工作环境恶劣的现状,采用计算振动响应的方法研究车辆驾驶室的乘坐舒适性。建立八自由度二分之一车动力学模型,运用拉格朗日方程求解系统的运动微分方程,获得驾驶室在随机路面激励下的振动响应。在驾驶室的竖直方向建立"驾驶员—座椅"分析子系统,驾驶室受到的竖直方向的激励作为子系统的输入,根据驾驶员受到的振动加速度的加权值,对驾驶室的乘坐舒适性进行评价。分析结果可知:评价驾驶员的主观感受为:没有不舒适;减小座椅刚度,能有效的提高驾驶员的舒适性;为同类设计研究提供参考。     

汽车座椅振动舒适性评价

以ISO 2631对坐姿人体振动舒适性评价为基础,对于特定的座椅振动响应,运用Matiab进行仿真研究,对人体振动舒适性进行定量评价,为不同环境下的座椅设计提供了实验参考.     

Digital evaluation of sitting posture comfort in human-vehicle system under industry 4.0 framework

Most of the previous studies on the vibration ride comfort of the human-vehicle system were focused only on one or two aspects of the investigation. A hybrid approach which integrates all kinds of investigation methods in real environment and virtual environment is described. The real experimental environment includes the WBV(whole body vibration) test, questionnaires for human subjective sensation and motion capture. The virtual experimental environment includes the theoretical calculation on simplified 5-DOF human body vibration model, the vibration simulation and analysis within ADAMS/VibrationTM module, and the digital human biomechanics and occupational health analysis in Jack software. While the real experimental environment provides realistic and accurate test results, it also serves as core and validation for the virtual experimental environment. The virtual experimental environment takes full advantages of current available vibration simulation and digital human modelling software, and makes it possible to evaluate the sitting posture comfort in a human-vehicle system with various human anthropometric parameters. How this digital evaluation system for car seat comfort design is fitted in the Industry 4.0 framework is also proposed.     

虚拟环境下基于舒适性的客车内饰设计

虚拟现实环境下基于舒适性的客车内饰设计,是客车全新内饰设计方法,虚拟现实提供沉浸、真实的设计环境,拓宽了设计人员的视野和想象空间;舒适性工程则强调“以人为本”的设计理念,本文结合目前两种最前rgo人体模型的基础上定制符合中国人的人体模型,进行客车的内饰设计,整个设计环境在虚拟环境中进行,“人”沉浸在虚拟的样客车中,设计并和虚拟客车交互,研究驾驶员的可及性、视野以及乘坐舒适性等,使用户可以感受到虚拟原型的演变和舒适性的演变,大大提高了设计的成功率。     

Simulation of the interaction between driver and seat

Test is one of methods to acquire human-seat pressure distribution in driving, with the deficiency of being uneasy to obtain the stress information of soft tissue inside human body and the sheer force of interface between human and seat, which can be obtained by simulation. But current simulation method focuses mainly on calculation itself other than combining it with posture prediction and cab packaging parameters, which cause it difficult to acquire accurate pressure calculation results without accurate posture of human body, and make it almost meaningless to design optimization. Therefore, a human body geometric model with posture change capability is built and linked up with Cascade Prediction Model（CPM）, which takes cab packaging parameters as inputs. A detailed finite element model of driver human body is constructed and used to conduct the driver-seat interaction simulation between human body and seat. Good accordance of pressure distribution is observed between simulation and test, which validates the simulation. In addition to the distribution pattern, curves on key sections are used to analyze the pressure and shear stress on the seat surface, as well as soft tissue stress inside human body. The simulation shows that the maximum stress of buttocks locates under the ischial tuberosity, and the maximum stress of trunk occurs near the scapula posterior and the lower waist. These are the places where fatigue usually occurs. The maximum pressure of seat appears at the driver-seat contact area corresponding to the driver＇s maximum skin tissue stress. In order to guide the seat design and cab packaging and study the influence of posture to pressure distribution, finite element models for different levels of cab packaging parameters are created by using CPM. The pressure distributions are calculated and their tendencies varying with cab packaging parameters are obtained. The method presented provides a new way to accurately simulate the interaction between driver human body and seat, and to guide the seat design and cab packaging so as to improve seating comfort.     

乘客电梯曳引机支撑座系统的动态特性分析

针对乘客电梯在不同乘客负载情况下所表现不同动态响应特性问题,利用数值模拟技术对2.5 m/s的高速电梯支撑座系统进行了研究。采用ANSYS有限元软件中的模态叠加法,在分析了支撑座系统本身固有频率后,计算了轿厢在常见乘客满载、半载和空载3种工况下时支撑座系统的动态响应大小,建立了外界激励频率与支撑座系统动态响应间关系,提出了负载变化对支撑座系统动态响应的影响规律。研究结果表明,支撑座中的3根工字钢梁横向位移响应明显,且动态响应特性规律基本一致;随着轿厢中乘客人数增加,支撑座系统工字钢动态响应特性越加明显;3种工况下,外界激励频率均在高于一阶固有频率附近发生最大的动态响应位移。支撑座系统动态特性研究为工程人员合理的支撑座结构设计提供了一定的理论依据。     

Development of aspect dummy considering seat dimension factor

The HPM-I dummy that was used to design car seats was developed by referring to human body dimension data in the 1960s, not to reflect changes of body sizes in accordance with time flow. Also, the HPM-I dummy that was made of one plate of a back rest could not express various kinds of postures. Thereafter, HPM-II, which had three back rests, was developed, but it could not consider various kinds of seat dimension factors by body size of 50th percentile male. We developed not only a 5th percentile female model but also 95th percentile male model to make use of them for automobile seat design and rating. The study developed the HARB model, HPM-II model, and CAD model of each percentile based on 50th percentile male HPM-II dummy.     

Simulations of the vibration response of mannequins in car seats by changing parameter and excitation

This study is based on previously developed tools for car seat designers. A simplified modeling approach to predict the vibration response, about an operating point, of mannequin occupied car seats is demonstrated to be feasible. A two-dimensional model, consisting of rigid bodies interconnected by pin joints with torsional dampers, springs and dampers had been developed. The springs and dampers are linear and the nonlinearity in the model is due to geometric effects, although at vibration levels experienced under normal driving conditions a linearized version of the model predicts responses. The effects of changing model parameters on the natural frequencies, the mode shapes and resonance locations in frequency response functions were shown in previous papers. Reasonable qualitative as well as good quantitative agreement between experimental and simulation frequency response estimates is obtained. Especially, k2 parameter, x-directional excitation and matching between the experiment and simulation are considered. The application of these simplified models is in car seat design, where they would facilitate evaluation of the effects of seat design changes prior to prototyping.     

汽车座椅坐垫倾角对正面碰撞乘员保护影响分析

提出在汽车乘员约束系统中增设座椅坐垫倾角调节机构,在汽车正面碰撞前或正面碰撞中增大座椅坐垫与车身地板的夹角,利用座椅坐垫在乘员的重心前方形成有效约束,从而减轻乘员伤害的设想。为此,以某型轿车驾驶区相关尺寸参数和性能参数为依据,采用MADYMO分析软件建立汽车正面碰撞仿真分析模型,并经试验验证。采用不同座椅坐垫倾角进行仿真分析,结果表明,当采用25座椅坐垫倾角时头部损伤下降21.4%,胸部损伤下降16.6%,而髋部损伤仅仅增加8.2%,腿部损伤依然较低。因此,在汽车乘员约束系统中增设座椅坐垫倾角调节机构能够有效地减少乘员的伤害。     

Adaptive control of a vehicle-seat-human coupled model using quasi-zero-stiffness vibration isolator as seat suspension

We propose the quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) vibration isolator as seat suspension to improve vehicle vibration isolation performance. The QZS vibration isolator is composed of vertical spring and two symmetric negative stiffness structures used as stiffness correctors. A vehicle-seat-human coupled model considering the QZS vibration isolator is established as a three degree-of-freedom (DOF) model; it is composed of a quarter car model and a simplified 1 DOF model combined vehicle seat and human body. This model considers the changing mass of the passengers and sets the total mass of the vehicle seat and human body as an uncertain parameter, which investigates the overload and unload conditions in practical engineering. To further improve the vehicle ride comfort, a constrained adaptive backstepping controller law based on the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is presented. The dynamic characteristic of the active vehicle-seathuman coupled model under shock excitation was analyzed using numerical method. The results show that the designed controller law can isolate the shock excitation transmitted from the road to the passengers effectively, and both the vehicle and seat suspension strokes remain in the allowed stroke range.     

汽车驾驶座椅的人机工程学设计

根据汽车座椅舒适性的影响因素分析,结合并运用人机工程学对汽车座椅进行轻量化的改进,并按照国家法规进行汽车座椅的静强度分析.文中运用Pro/E进行建模,应用ANSYS有限元分析软件对座椅进行有限元分析.结果显示,汽车舒适型座椅由座椅的结构和座椅载荷分布情况确定.文中对座椅骨架的几何模型及有限元分析模型构建进行介绍.     

汽车驾驶座椅的人机工程学设计

运用人机工程学原理,针对汽车驾驶座椅,从驾驶员生理特性与作业环境两个方面分析了影响驾驶舒适性及安全性的原因,在此基础上从坐姿舒适性,振动舒适性,操作舒适性,安全性等四个方面论述了汽车驾驶座椅人机工程学设计,完成了对汽车驾驶座椅从分析-设计的系列开发过程.