调水工程大数据技术应用

文章分析了国内外大数据的相关研究成果,阐述了调水工程大数据的特征和研究方法,给出调水工程大数据技术架构,明确了调水工程大数据生成与采集、数据存储与共享、数据分析和处理、数据应用和决策的机理,提出了调水工程大数据七个应用场景,为调水工程大数据应用发展提供了理论方法基础。     

大数据在洪水分析中的应用前景探究

从上个世纪80年代开始开展水利信息化至今,防汛领域已经积累了大量的数据资源并且数据规模同上个世纪相比已经有了新的突破,水利大数据已经来临。研究阐述了大数据的基本理论包括大数据基本概念、应用阶段、应用层次3个方面,并以秦淮河流域的洪水分析作为大数据技术的试点应用,介绍了防汛行业领先的大数据应用平台的搭建,通过平台实现水利大数据的处理分析,探讨了大数据在洪水分析中的应用,分析了大数据技术在应用中带来的成果和效益,最后对大数据在防汛领域的应用加以展望。通过大数据和洪水分析建设关系的研究,对推进大数据在防汛信息化的建设具有一定的参考价值。     

数据透视表在三维协同设计技术推广管理中的应用

文章介绍中国电建贵阳院在三维协同设计技术推广管理工作中结合自身数据规模、数据整理方式及工作周期短、需求不确定等应用特点,选择了以Excel数据表为数据源的数据透视表应用方案。通过对数据编辑和数据分析功能进行分离,基于数据表简便高效地完成分工协作、内容编辑与成果汇总,基于数据透视表实现功能强大、简单易用的统计分析,显著提升了技术推广管理工作的质量和效率。基于应用推广阶段技术培训及应用成果数据,分析了三维设计人才及项目应用情况变化趋势,为技术推广决策提供了数据支撑。实践表明,Excel数据透视表易于上手、功能强大,能较好满足企业生产、管理工作中大量复杂多变的统计分析需求。     

多源水利遥感数据的一体化管理机制研究

随着水利遥感数据及产品在水利业务中的普遍应用,存储和管理问题日益成为限制数据应用的瓶颈.针对水利遥感数据及产品的存储管理问题进行研究,以空间数据库引擎技术为基础,提出面向数据库的多源水利遥感数据一体化管理机制.开发并实现基于 C/S 模式的多源水利遥感数据管理系统,利用空间数据库引擎屏蔽数据的复杂性和异构性,通过统一的接口实现水利遥感数据的数据库存取.经过系统测试,证明该系统具有良好的数据存取性能,能够为上层的水利应用提供可靠的数据保障     

基于EM平台的数据汇集子平台的研发和应用

在"互联网+"的推动下,全国水利信息化的发展突飞猛进,尤其是农业水价综合改革和灌区信息化方面尤为突出。EM平台是专业解决行业信息化的物联网平台,分为数据汇集子平台和行业应用子平台(农水方向名称为GMS应用子平台)。数据汇集子平台针对现今物联网、云存储、大数据形势下,云平台如何解决数据汇集和"一数一源"的问题而研发,平台分为物联网平台、数据交互与分析平台和应用支撑平台三部分,通过数据同步、协议解析和设备配置解决了项目中设备、数据和应用的集成匹配问题,在实际项目中应用效果显著,为项目落地和信息化打通"最后一km"提供了有效有利的实际案例和应用基础。     

基于云计算架构的水文大数据云平台建设

随着信息技术的应用发展,水文行业在水情采集、分析、业务处理等方面产生的数据量急剧膨胀,突发性汛灾情的频发使得各水文领域应用系统对调用数据的时效性和并发性要求越发严苛,现代高效的水文数据中心的建设需求随之变得更加迫切。大数据技术与云计算技术在海量异构数据的高效存储、处理、数据挖掘等方面具有天然优势,在气象、国土等行业已落地应用,但水文行业目前尚未有大数据和云计算技术的应用先例。综合水文大数据的特点和目前浙江省水文中心私有云建设现状,创造性提出基于云计算与大数据技术的混合云水文数据中心架构设计,以满足海量水文数据高效分布式采集、融合与分发,同时为水文数据的挖掘分析提供操作平台。     

静宁县生态工程监测评价管理信息系统建设研究

静宁县生态工程监测评价管理信息系统包含用于采集、积累、共享、处理生态与环境变化相关数据的数据库,处理数据和分析数据的应用模型,数据成果的输出系统.是采用TM、SPOT和QB遥感资料和社会经济的测量统计资料,应用先进3S技术建立的.     

水利水电工程数字资产平台建设及应用

为改善水利水电工程信息化、数字化发展过程中存在的数据标准不统一、数据质量参差不齐、数据存储分散、数据间关联性弱、数据共享困难等问题,运用BIM、数字孪生、大数据等技术,结合资产管理理念,通过采集工程相关数据资产,以工程资产编码为纽带,构建资产数据模型,设计开发了满足工程数据资产集成整合、管理查询、下载共享等资产管理功能和工程基本信息总览、多维全生命周期资产管理、典型场景应用等综合应用功能的工程数字资产平台,实现了水利水电工程规划设计、施工建设和运行维护等工程全生命周期过程中工程数字资产的管理与应用,提升了水利水电工程建设管理水平和生产运维能力,促进了数字资产概念在水利水电工程领域的应用和发展。     

安徽省基础水文数据建库控制方法研究应用

数据质量问题已成为水文数据库应用的"拦路虎",严重制约水文数据价值的发挥。针对水文数据库中存在的具体质量问题,本文提出从数据完整性、正确性和规范性3个方面,采用程序比对、综合分析以及人工比对等方法相结合能够有效控制水文数据库数据质量问题,基本杜绝数据矛盾,保证入库数据的合理性和可靠性,满足水文数据使用要求,并在实际应用中取得良好效果。     

WISKI在北京水文数据管理中的应用

通过对WISKI软件功能的挖掘和二次开发,建立了基于WISKI的北京水文数据管理系统。介绍了系统在水文数据管理、遥测数据实时维护、流量和库容等成果及时生成、水文数据整编前的预处理和资料整编以及数据质量管理上的应用实例;分析了系统应用的可操作性和实用性。系统同样适用于地下水、水环境数据的管理。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。     

小湾水库大坝防渗面板及其裂缝的加固处理

小湾水库大坝防渗面板整体抗渗性能差,且存在多条裂缝,通过对面板钢丝网喷涂丙乳砂浆加固处理及其裂缝修补,大坝渗漏量明显减少,且左岸上灌浆廊道内及大坝下游坝面92～93 m高程下廊道入口处原有小股射流全部消失.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。