砂率对混凝土塑性收缩开裂性能的影响

通过测定混凝土水分蒸发速率、泌水速率、混凝土裂缝及收缩等数据研究分析了砂率对大流动性混凝土塑性收缩及其开裂性能的影响,结果表明:在一定的砂率范围内,砂率较小和较大不易引起混凝土的塑性收缩裂缝,而在这之间的某一砂率反而容易引起混凝土的塑性收缩开裂,因此,混凝土配合比设计中选择砂率时并不一定选择混凝土工作性能和力学性能最佳时的砂率,从混凝土的耐久性方面考虑,在满足工作性和力学性条件下可以选择比临界砂率值高2%～3%的砂率值。     

商品混凝土的塑性裂缝及防治

塑性裂缝是指混凝土浇筑后尚处于可塑状态时产生的裂缝。商品混凝土由于坍落度大 ,用水量多 ,水泥用量多 ,砂率大 ,凝结时间长等原因 ,塑性裂缝出现频繁 ,时而困扰商品混凝土站及施工单位。1　塑性裂缝成因及防治原理塑性裂缝根据成因的原理分为沉降收缩裂缝和塑性收缩裂缝。沉降收缩裂缝是混凝土硬化前因骨料等比重大的颗粒下沉 ,竖向体积缩小而产生的塑性变形裂缝 ;塑性收缩裂缝是指浇筑后还处于塑性状态的混凝土因风吹日晒 ,表面失水过快 ,产生急剧的体积收缩而出现的裂缝。这两种裂缝经常共生 ,很难区别 ,故统称为塑性裂缝。1 1　沉降收…     

关于高强混凝土裂缝控制的研究

针对高强混凝土水泥用量多,砂率高,产生裂缝的潜在危险大.在工程实践中出现裂缝的情况比较多。总结了高强混凝土裂缝产生的规律,将裂缝分成混凝土塑性收缩裂缝、干燥收缩裂缝、骨料塑性沉落裂缝、温度应力裂缝几类,系统地分析了裂缝的形成原因,提出从优化混凝土设计、加强混凝土生产质量和混凝土施工管理3个方面对裂缝进行有效控制。     

高强混凝土非结构性裂缝形成原因及控制方法

高强混凝土水泥用量多，砂率高，产生裂缝的潜在危险大，在工程实践中出现裂缝的情况比较多。文章总结了高强混凝土非结构性裂缝产生的规律，将裂缝分成混凝土塑性收缩裂缝、干燥收缩裂缝、骨料塑性沉落裂缝、温度应力裂缝几类，系统地分析了裂缝的形成原因，提出从优化混凝土设计、加强混凝土生产质量和混凝土施工管理3个方面对裂缝进行有效控制。     

轻骨料混凝土塑性收缩性能研究

首先对轻骨料混凝土性能试验的原材料进行了介绍,阐述了塑性裂缝的试验方法,研究了水灰比、砂率及砂的细度模数对轻骨料混凝土塑性收缩的影响,最后得出轻骨料混凝土可在结构工程中推广应用的结论.     

透水混凝土收缩的试验研究

研究了不同砂率的透水混凝土的塑性与初期收缩性能,同时还对比研究了同强度等级的透水混凝土与普通混凝土的收缩特性.由试验结果可见,砂率增加可明显降低透水混凝土的塑性和初期收缩,对于透水混凝土与普通混凝土,在塑性阶段和硬化初期,前者的收缩大于后者,而在硬化后随着龄期(14d后)的增长,后者的收缩超过前者.     

流态混凝土梁板构件裂缝成因及控制

流态混凝土 ,特别是在高强度、大流动性条件下 ,具有水泥用量多 ,用水量大 ,砂率高 3个主要特点 ,所以产生裂缝的潜在危险大 ,在工程实践中梁板构件出现裂缝的情况比较多 ,对此必须引起足够的重视 总结了流态混凝土梁板构件非结构性裂缝产生的规律 ,将裂缝分成混凝土塑性收缩裂缝、干燥收缩裂缝、骨料塑性沉落裂缝、温度应力裂缝几类 ,系统地分析了以上几类裂缝的形成原因以及相关因素 提出从优化混凝土设计、提高混凝土生产质量、加强混凝土施工管理 3个方面对裂缝进行有效控制     

混凝土塑性收缩裂缝的影响因素及预防措施

塑性收缩裂缝是一种常见而易被忽视的混凝土裂缝，不仅影响混凝土外观质量，而且影响混凝土结构的耐久性。本文简述了塑性收缩裂缝由混凝土表面失水导致的毛细管压力引起，并着重讨论了塑性收缩裂缝的影响因素及预防措施。     

再生细骨料对混凝土塑性收缩开裂性能影响

参考国际建筑官员协会ICBO标准,采用平板约束试验、自制的混凝土塑性应力测试装置以及压汞法,分析了再生细骨料粒径、取代率以及混凝土水灰比、砂率等对再生细骨料混凝土塑性应力、孔结构及塑性收缩开裂性能的影响.结果表明：随着再生细骨料粒径范围的减小,再生细骨料混凝土塑性收缩开裂风险逐渐降低;再生细骨料取代率的增加,使得再生混凝土塑性收缩开裂风险增大;再生细骨料混凝土水灰比对其抗塑性收缩开裂性能至关重要,过大或过小均会提高其塑性收缩开裂风险;选择适当的砂率可以控制再生细骨料混凝土的塑性收缩开裂程度.     

水灰比、胶集比及水泥浆量对混凝土塑性收缩裂缝的影响

新拌混凝土浇注成形后在模拟环境条件下进行试验。固定单方混凝土用水量的试验结果表明:较低和较高水灰比混凝土拌合物在塑性阶段不易开裂,而中间某一水灰比时对应的裂缝面积最大;这一最大裂缝面积对应的中间水灰比为0.4或0.45左右。胶集比或水泥浆量对混凝土塑性收缩裂缝的影响与水灰比的情况相似。水分蒸发速率随水灰比的增大而增大。     

水泥基体参数对砂浆塑性收缩开裂性能的影响

研究了水泥基材料基体参数对砂浆塑性收缩开裂性能的影响，结果表明：水泥品种不同，砂浆的塑性开裂性能不同；水泥标号增大，砂浆的塑性开裂也将加大；存在使砂浆塑性开理解最大化的水比；灰砂比越小，砂浆的抗塑性开裂性能越好；粗细集料、外加剂种类、混合料品种及掺量也对砂浆的塑性开裂性能有很大影响。     

减缩剂对减少混凝土塑性收缩裂缝的影响

暴露在高蒸发速率环境下的新拌混凝土很容易产生塑性收缩裂缝,特别是表面积与体积的比率很大的时候,目前的研究都证明了,减少拌合水的表面张力是减少塑性裂缝的一种很有效的办法。我们将传统混凝土和高强混凝土掺加超塑化剂和减缩剂,在塑性阶段暴露干燥,测量毛细孔压、沉降、内部温度和蒸发速率,结果显示减缩剂对减少混凝土甚至是高强混凝土的塑性裂缝都是很有效的,这主要由于蒸发速率减少,原因是孔中弯液面的发展导致毛细管压的峰值出现延迟和较低的沉降率。     

Influence of coal bottom ash as fine aggregate on fresh properties of concrete

This paper investigates the influence of the use of coal bottom ash as a replacement for natural fine aggregates on the properties of concrete in the fresh state. Tests for water loss through bleeding, and the determination of the setting times and plastic shrinkage, were carried out in order to evaluate the material in the presence of bottom ash. The influence of the porosity of bottom ash on the potential water absorption and water loss of the material, as well as on the water consumption of concretes produced with bottom ash, is also discussed. The results showed that in the fresh state the concretes produced with the bottom ash are susceptible to water loss by bleeding and the higher the percentage of bottom ash used as a natural sand replacement the lower the deformation through plastic shrinkage. The results also showed that the setting time is affected by the presence of bottom ash in the concrete. In conclusion, different forms of bottom ash mix result in concretes with different properties in the fresh state, but the behavioral tendencies are maintained when bottom ash is employed as a replacement for natural aggregates.     

Early age deformations of concrete with high content of mineral additions

Under the project “EcoBéton” (Green concrete) funded by the French National Agency (ANR), concrete mixtures with a high quantity of mineral additions, such as blast-furnace slag and fly ash were studied. A first approach to quantify their cracking risk was to measure their plastic shrinkage evolution. In parallel, the evolution of other parameters such as setting, capillary depression and porosity were also monitored to relate this deformation to the evolution of the microstructure of the studied mixtures. Setting monitoring by means of ultrasonic measurements allows obtaining significant macroscopic information such as hardening process and rigidity evolution. The correlation between these different parameters shows that the plastic shrinkage evolution can be divided into three phases driven by different mechanisms. Moreover, it appears that the use of mineral additions has an effect on the plastic shrinkage behaviour, but this impact is not proportional to the percentage of additions. It depends on the hydration process and the microstructure of the cementitious materials. So, it seems that an optimum content of cement replacement by mineral additions must be sought to limit the development of plastic shrinkage of concretes with mineral additions at early age. However, a high rate of substitution of cement may affect the early age compressive strength of the concrete. So these mixtures were also optimised to obtain a significant compressive strength at an early age, but this optimisation leads to a higher risk of cracking for some of them.     

基于材料科学观点的砂浆塑性开裂本构方程研究

建立水泥砂浆分层度和约束度测试方法,并据此研究了水泥砂浆初始结构和约束条件对其塑性收缩开裂的作用;进而建立了基于材料组成参数(水灰比、灰砂比、纤维掺量、纤维长度)、环境参数(水分蒸发速率)、初始结构参数(分层度)、约束状况参数(约束度)的水泥砂浆塑性收缩开裂七元本构方程.结果表明:该多元本构方程能较好地预测水泥砂浆的开裂趋势,首次实现了水泥基材料中组成、结构与性能间的数学关联.     

基于水灰比及水分蒸发速度的砂浆开裂本构方程

分别对不同水灰比的砂浆改变温度、湿度、光照及风速,模拟计算出平板砂浆水分蒸发速度,研究了水分蒸发速度对砂浆抗裂指数的影响,建立了砂浆抗裂指数与水分蒸发速度的一元本构方程以及砂浆抗裂指数关于水灰比和水分蒸发速度的二元本构方程,并利用该本构方程指导预测砂浆的开裂趋势.     

水泥砂浆塑性收缩开裂预警机制的初步建立

针对水泥砂浆塑性收缩开裂的问题,基于平板法和八字模法,分别对不同水灰比和灰砂比的水泥砂浆,改变其环境参数与聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维参数,测试其塑性抗拉强度、塑性毛细管收缩应力及失水蒸发速率,通过在室内建立的水泥砂浆塑性收缩开裂本构方程,对水泥砂浆塑性收缩开裂预警机制的建立进行了探索.结果表明:室内建立的基准水泥砂浆抗裂指数基于失水蒸发速率的一元本构方程及掺纤维水泥砂浆的三元本构方程可有效预测室外环境下水泥砂浆的塑性收缩开裂,由此初步建立了水泥砂浆塑性收缩开裂预警机制.     

Effect of environmental conditions on the properties of concretes with different cement types

The paper reports on the changes in properties of concretes with different cement types associated with environmental conditions. Three strength classes with three different cement types (ordinary portland cement PC 42.5 (CEM I 42.5), portland composite cements PKC-A 42.5 (CEM II/A-M 42.5) and PKC-B 32.5R (CEM II/B-M 32.5R)) were used in the study. Also, a mixture was prepared with PC 42.5 and silica fume (SF). The effects of variable ambient conditions on plastic shrinkage of fresh concrete and cement paste, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, capillary absorption and drying shrinkage of hardened concrete were investigated. In contrast to PC 42.5 cement paste, plastic shrinkage cracks were observed in PKC-B 32.5 and PKC-A 42.5 pastes. Water absorption coefficients of all concretes stored in natural environment were higher at all ages as compared to coefficients of concretes kept in laboratory. Drying shrinkage values of concrete with SF, except the first week, were significantly lower than those of others. Although different behaviors for different cement types were observed, water–cement ratio was one of the dominating factors determining the behavior of concrete. This ratio should be lowered to improve the durability of concrete.