铁改性海泡石除锑影响因素及再生研究

用FeCl_3改性海泡石,并研究铁改性海泡石(IMS)结构及性能,结果表明:铁改性海泡石(IMS)结构发生了变化,吸附性能增强;对pH有缓冲性;在pH为8.3左右,吸附2 h,吸附量随锑初始浓度增大而增大;其对低浓度锑(10～100mg/L)的吸附受温度的影响不大,对高浓度锑(200-1 000mg/L)的吸附则随温度升高而升高;IMS量增加,除锑效率增大,其分配系数K_D先增加后减小;在0.1 mol/L NaOH中再生效果好;吸附呈Freundlich模型.     

活性炭纤维的氧化改性及其对铅离子吸附研究

采用HNO3和H2O2对活性炭纤维(ACF)进行氧化改性,以期提高ACF的表面酸性基团,进而提高ACF的吸附效率.采用Boehm滴定、比表面积及孔隙分析等方法表征了改性前后ACF的表面结构和表面化学性质.采用静态吸附法考察了不同条件下氧化改性前后ACF试样对水体中铅离子的吸附效率.结果表明,ACF的表面酸性基团可由改性前的1.23 mmol·g-1提高到氧化改性后的2.89 mmol·g-1;改性前后样品对铅离子的吸附速率均较高,吸附平衡时间为5min;饱和吸附量由改性前的32.5 mg·g-1增加到改性后的75mg·g-1.     

铁改性海泡石的研制及稳定性研究

用5% FeCl3溶液对海泡石进行改性,制得铁改性海泡石(Iron Modified Sepiolite),简称IMS吸附剂.IMS对含锑废水的吸附性能依次为10%IMS＞5%IMS＞2.5%IMS＞海泡石精矿,其稳定性随温度的升高、FeCl3用量的增加而增强,盐对其稳定性的影响较小,强酸使IMS的结构严重破坏,负载铁大量脱落,对锑吸附能力下降.     

改性海泡石对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

对海泡石进行了硫酸改性、高温改性、硫酸/高温改性,以亚甲基蓝为吸附对象,研究了改性方法对海泡石吸附性能的影响,对各改性海泡石进行了孔径、孔体积等表征. 结果表明,3种改性方法中,硫酸/高温改性对海泡石吸附性能的提高效果最好,吸附量比改性前提高47.8%,达41 mg/g,吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程. 硫酸/高温复合改性后的海泡石平均孔径达9.74 nm,孔体积达7.064′10-2 cm3/g,分别提高117%和92.6%. 对改性海泡石对亚甲基兰的吸附机理进行了探讨.     

高效氨吸附用载锌活性炭的结构表征及氨吸附动力学研究

采用不同浓度的ZnCl_2溶液对椰壳活性炭进行表面改性以制备高容量氨吸附用活性炭,并采用低温液氮吸附(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)、Boehm滴定对改性前后活性炭的物理结构及表面含氧官能团进行了测定,同时以常温动态吸附对氨吸附容量及吸附动力学进行了研究,并对ZnCl_2活性炭氨吸附去除机理进行了分析。结果表明:改性后活性炭微孔数量减少,介孔比例提高;随ZnCl_2浓度的增加,活性炭的比表面积、孔容减小,平均孔径变大,介孔所占比例由23.00%增加到25.52%;改性后活性炭表面含氧官能团含量增加,质量比为11%的ZnCl_2浸渍的活性炭样品(AC3)总酸性含氧官能团增加最多,增加了0.259mmol·g~(-1)。浸渍ZnCl_2溶液改性对活性炭吸附氨性能的改善十分明显,样品AC3对氨气的吸附量(75.58 mg·g-1)为原始活性炭(12.5 mg·g-1)的6.05倍;吸附动力学模型研究得出,氨在改性前后活性炭样品上的吸附与准二阶动力学模型较符合,说明吸附反应过程为物理-化学联合吸附。     

酚醛树脂基微孔活性炭的制备及表征

以酚醛树脂为原料,氢氧化钾为活化剂,采用炭化活化一步法工艺制备酚醛树脂基活性炭.采用TG-DTA、FTIR、N2-BET等表征手段对炭化活化过程、表面官能团、比表面积和孔结构进行了测试和分析.结果表明:碱脂比为2:1,活化温度为750℃,活化时间为60 min工艺条件下制备的酚醛树脂基活性炭对亚甲基蓝和碘的吸附值分别为186 mL·g-1和1 417.96 mg·g-1;所制备的活性炭以微孔为主,其比表面积为1 667 m2·g-1,孔容1.182 cm3·g-1.平均孔径1.835 nm.     

老化介质对常压干燥制备TiO2气凝胶性能的影响

采用不同的老化介质(乙醇、异丙醇、叔丁醇),以钛酸丁酯为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶法,在常压干燥下制备出块体TiO2气凝胶.通过SEM、BET和XRD分析可知,以乙醇为老化介质制备的TiO2气凝胶具有最佳结构与性能.其制备态表观密度为0.16 g·cm-3,比表面积为554.6 m2·g-1,平均孔径为19.37 nm,孔容为0.71 cm3·g-1.经850℃处理2h后,比表面积为179.8m2 ·g-1,平均孔径为20.97 nm.该样品制备态为无定形态,经850℃处理2h后转变为锐钛矿.光催化实验表明:以乙醇为老化介质制备的TiO2气凝胶具有较好的光催化性能.     

造纸污泥活性生物质炭的制备及表征

以造纸污泥为原料,采用热解法制备生物炭,并对所制的生物炭进行活化改性,以水相中Pb(II)为吸附目标,确定了最佳制备条件,并对制备的活性生物质炭进行了结构表征。研究结果表明:利用造纸污泥制取生物质炭是可行的,活化改性后其对水相Pb(II)的吸附容量大大增加,最佳的制备条件为选用3 mol·L-1的硫酸在550℃下活化30 min,最大吸附容量为533 mg·g-1;活化后生物炭其表面增加了-OH、-COOH、-NH2基团,制备的活性生物炭的比表面积为159 m2·g-1,平均孔径为20?。本研究为造纸污泥的应用提供一种新的方向。     

改性粉煤灰陶粒的制备及其吸附SO2性能研究

以改性粉煤灰为主要原料,掺杂膨润土、石灰石及水泥,经造粒、烘干、焙烧等工艺制得陶粒。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面和孔径分布测定仪等方法对其表征。考察了陶粒对SO2的吸附性能。结果表明:质量比为改性粉煤灰∶膨润土∶石灰石∶水泥=10∶1∶1∶0.4,在500℃下烧制10 min得到3～4 mm的陶粒,陶粒比表面积为32.8 m2·g-1,陶粒表面粗糙,内部多孔。该陶粒对SO2最大吸附容量为30.939.5 mg·g-1。     

磁性/碳纳米复合材料的制备及其在污水处理方面的应用

以SBA-15为硬模板,葡萄糖为碳源,采用水热合成法成功制备了磁性碳Fe3O4-C纳米材料。利用XRD、氮气吸附/脱附和VSM等技术对材料进行表征,研究了材料在不同条件下对罗丹明B的吸附性能,最后研究了材料的再生性能。结果表明,所制得的材料具有较大的比表面积、孔容和孔径,分别为348.5 m3·g-1、0.3712 cm3·g-1和3.5nm,且具有饱和磁化强度为21.26 emu·g-1的强顺磁性。材料在投加量为20 mg、溶液初始浓度为40 mg·L-1、溶液p H=10的条件下,吸附效率达到最大。吸附剂重复使用4次后,吸附率仍达到90%左右,可有效降低吸附成本。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。