On the variational consistency of the higher-order-shear-deformation plate equations derived from the 3-D differential equations of motion

The method of moments, which is identified to be a modified Galerkin method, is used to derive the higher-order-shear-deformation plate equations from the 3-D equations of motion. It is shown that the proper application of this method yields a set of equations which are identical to those derived by employing the principle of virtual work.     

“Style” and technology

A rational approach to dealing with the problems created by developing technologies requires a new account of what is involved in proper management. A tripartite distinction is introduced between being reasonable, being rational, and having style. These notions are based on the commonsense principle of rationality (CPR), to be rational one must learn from experience. The proper management of technology requires more than learning from experience (being rational) and having the proper goals (being reasonable); it requires style, which entails being reasonable and acting in accordance with a given standard systematically over time.     

基于多边法的三维坐标测量系统自标定最优方案

研究了基于多边法的三维坐标测量系统的自标定问题 ,并首次给出了四路激光跟踪干涉仪和测量点布局的一些指导性原则。首先从系统自标定的数学模型入手 ,指出影响系统自标定的各个因素。通过大量的计算机仿真 ,研究各个因素对系统自标定的影响规律。最后综合得到了系统自标定应遵循的一些指导性原则 ,这些原则对于实际操作时进行合理的系统自标定、提高自标定精度乃至提高整个系统的测量精度具有重要意义     

经理、股东及政府税收的最优策略分析

在一定的假设下构造了经理、股东和政府之间的主从微分对策模型,政府在对策中充当主者,股东和经理作为两食从者。利用极大值原理和倒向微分方程,研究分析了三者之间互动的理性行为,并且对均衡解的经济含义进行了解释。     

汽车安全气囊气体发生器电点火管的设计研究

文章分析探讨了安全气囊中电点火管的组成、技术要求及设计原理,选择了适当的桥丝材料,确定了桥距,同时选择了适当的引火药头药剂、点火药剂及扩燃药剂.通过工艺研究,确定了产品的具体结构,由材料的选用及装压药工艺、作用时间的优化与考核,成功地设计出电点火管的原理样品,对照原理样品进行了产品的批量试制与探索,对影响产品的因素进行了归纳与分析.     

MAK-04型粘弹谱仪及其测试方法

介绍了MAK-04型粘弹谱仪测试原理、测试方式、测试范围、性能指标及其在测试过程中应注意的问题。重点阐述了如何选择胶粘剂和一种简单易行、提高测试结果准确性的测试方法，举例说明只有合理的选择测试条件和方法才能获得比较理想的试验数据。     

企业品牌DI设计战略研究

合当今经济环境下企业品牌战略的发展趋势,分析了企业品牌形象的构建及产品形象在企业品牌形象中的重要作用.提出企业独特的产品识别特征是构建企业品牌形象的重要组成部分,并且提出了基于企业品牌战略思想的产品设计识别原则,进一步阐述在市场品牌推广的背景下如何建立适宜的产品设计识别,以更好的服务于企业品牌战略.     

Kinoform apodization

Abstract

A new apodization principle is introduced, according to which the amplitude function is realized as a varying diffraction efficiency of the multistep phase diffractive element. A proper modification of the phase-step heights within the apodization region allows one to redirect light from the main diffraction order into its conjugate, simultaneously avoiding the presence of light in the two nearest neighbouring orders. The analysis is confirmed by the simulation results.     

浅谈气体分析仪中放射性物质的安全管理

介绍气体分析仪器中放射源的使用情况以及放射源对环境和人体健康带来的危害,叙述放射性废物的管理基本原则及其合适的处理方法,最后阐述放射源的安全管理。     

Interference based marking method for toric contact eye lens inserts

Toric contact eye lenses are designed to address general blurring that occurs due to uneven cornea which is known as astigmatism. For proper functioning of toric lenses their orientation with respect to the eye is critical. So toric lenses are manufactured with some form of marking which helps in deciding the orientation with respect to the eye. In this research paper a novel marking method based on the interference principle is proposed for toric lenses. Mathematical modeling followed by experiments was done to prove the concept of interference based marking. The proposed marking method is a mask-less, single step clean process.     

Error regulation in a string of high-speed vehicles

This paper deals with the theoretical aspects of the design of an optimal linear feedback system for regulating the position and velocity of each vehicle in a dense string of vehicles moving at high speed. A cost functional is formulated and the Pontryagin optimal principle, which is an alternate to Kapur’s method, is used for the optimization problem. The results obtained show that by a proper choice of the cost functional, a carfollowingsystem which meets some specified objectives, in terms of the desired headway and the desired velocity, can be designed.     

二元混合工质HFC32/125绝热指数计算模型分析

绝热指数与定压比热在制冷系统数值分析和计算中极为重要。本文以纯物质的PR状态方程为基础，利用适当的混合法则对绝热指数和定压比热进行理论推导，得出适用于二元混合工质的绝热指数与定压比热方程；对HFC32／125的定压比热分区进行数值拟合，得出定压比热的拟合方程，本文对理论推导和数值拟合的结果进行比较，从而为系统分析和计算提供精确热物理性质方程。     

Direct image transmission through a multimode optical fiber

One-way transmission of a multipixel image through the multimode optical fiber based on the phase-conjugation principle is realized. Adistortion-compensating hologram for each pixel of an image to be transmitted is superposed on a photoplate. Each hologram is recorded with a reference beam of different beam incidence angle to provide proper wave-front correction for each pixel without any interference from other pixels. The reference beams are holographically generated from a photoplate in which small holographic lenslets are aligned in a matrix pattern. Images of up to 25 pixels are transmitted through the fiber experimentally.     

微机电系统中的微观黏滑、黏附与控制

微观黏滑和黏附失效是微机电系统中的常见现象,该现象主要是由于受包括静电力、范德华力及毛细力等各种表面力所起的主导作用而产生的．采用黏着接触理论和运动分析方法,得到了微观摩擦试验中黏滑出现的无量纲黏滑数,表微观黏滑是接触表面特性、形貌参数、接触载荷及滑动速度等综合作用的结果,进而获得黏滑现象的各种临界参数,提出了黏滑行为控制的表面修饰与形貌设计依据;针对微构件的黏附失效,采用Laplace公式并结合微构件的变形分析,探究了毛细力作用下微构件的变形特征与失稳行为,发现其变形过程中存在着不稳定的临界点,对应黏附行为的发生,进而提出了微构件防黏附的结构设计．     

Accuracy of the toroidal approximation for the calculus of concave and convex liquid bridges between particles

In situations and processes where finely divided solids are in contact with small amounts of liquid, capillary effects influence the behavior of such systems. If the quantity of liquid is rather limited, it arranges as individual liquid bridges connecting the solid particles just wetting a portion of the solids surface. These bridges develop forces which drive the cohesion and motion of the solid particles, further determining in many times the final structure or even the quality of the material. Since the liquid is not able to fully cover the solid particles like in a proper suspension, this liquid adopts a shape which is determined by the principle of constant mean curvature. A rigorous determination of such a shape, which in turn determines the capillary forces, must be carried out by solving the Young–Laplace equation. Due to the difficulties in such calculation, it was proposed to approximate the meniscus profile by an arc-of-circumference, the so-called toroidal approximation. Here it is quantitatively studied the suitability of such approximation for the most general geometry of liquid bridges, finding that the error of the approximation is below 10% for concave menisci and 30% for convex ones.     

Design considerations on surface acoustic wave resonators with significant internal reflection in interdigital transducers

This paper discusses, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the operation and the design principle of current surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators in which the internal reflection within interdigital transducers (IDTs) is not negligible and lower capacitance ratio is necessary. For the purpose, the p-matrix expression is used with the help of the coupling-of-modes theory. The internal reflection causes: deformation of the IDT passband shape, frequency dependence of the effective SAW velocity within IDTs, and suppression of higher-order resonances. It is shown that these features can be effectively used to enhance performances of both one-port SAW resonators and two-port double-mode SAW (DMS) filters. In addition, under proper designs accounting for the internal reflection, most of all structural discontinuities can be removed, and is most preferable for the reduced scattering loss at the discontinuity. Design criteria also are presented for DMS filters of wide bandwidth, and it is demonstrated how device performances are improved by proper design accounting for the criteria.     

相干结构中特征值积分方程求解的一种新方法

相干结构在湍流研究中起着非常重要的作用。文中采用最优正交分解(POD)定义相干结构,将其表示为使得内能极大的空间变量的函数。将极大值问题转化求解特征值积分方程。利用变分原理和Galerkin方法的思想进行求解。文中的算例说明算法是有效可行的。算法可用于流体的优化控制和高效率算法的构造。     

城市药壶爆破的控制技术

提出城市药壶爆破采用勤放炮,放小炮,多段微差的松动爆破技术,以及采用适当“多药少爆”的扩壶方法,可以有效地控制爆破危害;同时认为在斜坡复杂岩性条件下,应在装药前进行现场逐孔测量,确定其装药量和扩孔次数,灵活施工,才能真正实现设计要求。     

低共熔冰过冷问题的研究

本文通过分析低共熔冰过冷机理 ,得出结论 :过冷是为结晶过程提供推动力 ,在纯净、无杂质液态物质冻结所必须的 ;成核剂的存在 ,可以大大减小过冷度。经过过冷度测定实验和熔化潜热测定实验发现 :对于机械冷板冷藏车的冷冻板用共晶液 ( KCl溶液 ) ,Cu S是最合适的成核添加剂 ,在一般场合下也可以考虑使用 Si O2 作为成核剂     

On the kinetics of nucleation and growth reactions in inhomogeneous systems

Nucleation and growth kinetics in systems with a small degree of inhomogeneity are usually modeled through the KJMA (Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl–Avrami) theory, that is by using the local values of the nucleation and growth rates which are proper to the region where the transition takes place. In this study, a general expression for the kinetics is derived which applies, in principle, to any degree of inhomogeneity and conforms to previous approaches. The model is employed to study, analytically, first order corrections to the KJMA formula in the case of simultaneous nucleation and interface-limited growth. It is shown that under these circumstances, the nucleus shape is a circle (two-dimensional) whose center is displaced with respect to the point where the nucleation event occurs. The displacement of the center and the radius of the nucleus are both functions of time. The behavior of the Avrami exponent and the impingement factor as a function of the fraction of transformed volume is investigated and discussed.